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Nathan Goodyear

HOMOCYSTEINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - Annual Review of Medicine, 49(1):31 - 0 views

www.annualreviews.org/...annurev.med.49.1.31

HOMOCYSTEINE cardiovascular disease CAD thromboembolism DVT artherosclerosis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • An elevated level of total homocysteine (tHcy) in blood, denoted hyperhomocysteinemia, is emerging as a prevalent and strong risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease in the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vessels, and for arterial and venous thromboembolism
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 11
     
    elevated homocysteine increases risk for artherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and thromboembolism
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Lite... - 0 views

jaha.ahajournals.org/...e000272

low T Testosterone cardiovascular disease CAD CHF insulin resistance type II diabetes diabetes obesity men male hormone hormones therapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 14
     
    Some startling statistics in this 2013 review on Testosterone in men.  Studies reflect an inverse relationship between Testosterone and CAD severity.  That is, the lower the Testosterone levels, the increase in severity of CAD. This same association was also found with CHF.  Low Testosterone is common in those with CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, increased IMT in carotids and aorta, and obesity when compared to "healthy" individuals.  Testosterone therapy in those with CAD found benefits: prolongation of ST segment depression, coronary vasodilation, improved exercise capacity in those with CHF, shift to type I muscle fibers, shorten the QTc interval.  Testosterone therapy has been shown to improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and decrease waist circumference and fat loss in obese individuals.  Otherwise, a good review of the association between a declining Testosterone and cardiovascular disease.
Nathan Goodyear

C-Reactive Protein as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor : More Than an Epiphenomenon? -- Lag... - 0 views

circ.ahajournals.org/...96

CRP cardiovascular disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • CRP constitutes an independent cardiovascular risk factor
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 11
     
    CRP is an independent marker for future cardiovascular disease
Nathan Goodyear

Assessment of cardiovascular risk in collegiate fo... [J Am Coll Health. 2010 Nov-Dec] ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...21186454

cardiovascular risk metabolic syndrome college football lineman

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 May 11 - No Cached
  • the increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the collegiate linemen may increase cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 May 11
     
    college lineman with increased cardiovascular disease risk
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone therapy, thrombosis, thrombophilia, ... [Metabolism. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24930993

Testosterone therapy low T thrombosis cardiovascular risk men male hormone hormones disease thrombophilia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jul 14
     
    Only abstract available here.  I can't find the full print.  For some, there is inherent thrombosis risk with Testosterone. HOWEVER, it is due to metabolism of Testosterone i.e. aromatase activity, and to supra physiologic dosing that is prevalent through the medical community.  For those with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, a full biochemical evaluation of cardiovascular risk must be undertaken prior to the initiation of Testosterone therapy.  
Nathan Goodyear

Androgen Deprivation Therapy and the Re-em... [Oncol Hematol Rev. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24932461

androgen deprivation therapy ADT estrogen Testosterone men male hormone hormones Prostate cancer CVD cardiovascular disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jul 14
     
    Sometimes I think medicine has lost its mind.  Or at least, it is not thinking things through.  To give IV estrogen to decrease Testosteorne in men with prostate cancer is devoid of the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease in men.  Elevated Estradiol in men increases CRP, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha to name a few cytokines.  The proported purpose of the IV estrogen is to prevent the cardiovascular complications associated with ADT.  Yet, elevated aromatase activity and low T in men are both shown to be associated with increased CVD in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Chronic stress impacts the cardiovascular system: animal models and clinical outcomes |... - 0 views

ajpheart.physiology.org/...H1476

chronic stress stress inflammation cardiovascular disease atherosclerosis NO nitric oxide oxidative stress cardiovascular heart

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Sep 17
     
    Chronic stress increases cardiovascular disease.  Of note, chronic stress reduces eNOS activity and NO bioavailability, increased lipid oxidation (oxLDL) via a reduction in antioxidant protection, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased thrombosis and clotting risk, increased blood pressure and reduced HRV.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease Yeap BB - Asian J Androl - 0 views

www.ajandrology.com/article.asp

cardiovascular disease CVD sex estradiol carotid intima-media thickness hormones hormone men Testosterone estrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Levels of SHBG are higher in older men, therefore levels of free T decline more steeply than total T as men's age increases.
  • calculations based on mass action equations may not reflect precisely free T measured using a reference method
  • free T declines more steeply with age than total T in both cross-sectional [35] and longitudinal studies, [36] as does free E2 in comparison to total E2
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • T may slow development of or progression of atherosclerosis by modulating effects on insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial function, preclinical atherosclerosis or the vasculature.
  • these cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support a relationship between low circulating T with CIMT and higher E2 with its progression
  • lower levels of T are biomarkers for aortic vascular disease
  • circulating free T was negatively associated with the presence of AAA
  • luteinizing hormone (LH) was positively associated.
  • low levels of total or bioavailable T were associated with aortic atherosclerosis manifested as calcified deposits detected by radiography
  • Men with total or free T in the lowest quartile had increased adjusted ORs for PAD defined as ABI <0.90, as did men with free E2 in the highest quartile of values
  • The apparent association of SHBG with intermittent claudication reflects the correlation of total T with SHBG, while the contribution of E2 to risk of PAD remains unclear
  • men with total T in the lowest quartile of values (<11.7 nmol l−1 ) experienced an increased incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack
  • lower total T with increased incidence of CVD events
  • cohort studies in mostly older men have supported the association of lower androgen levels with higher mortality
  • lower total or free T levels were associated with mortality in older men, but with discordant results for cause-specific mortality and for associations of E2
  • several large studies identifying lower endogenous levels of total or free T as independent predictors of all-cause or CVD-related deaths in middle-aged and older men
  • T exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, enhances flow-mediated brachial artery reactivity, and reduces arterial stiffness
  • Short-term T therapy had a beneficial effect on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in middle-aged men with coronary artery disease or chronic stable angina, [95],[96],[97] and reduced angina frequency in older men with diabetes and coronary artery disease
  • T therapy resulted in an increase in treadmill test duration and time to ST segment depression
  • there are interventional studies supporting a protective effect of exogenous T against myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
  • employ conservative doses
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jan 14
       
      This dosing is 100 fold higher then peak production of a  young man at 20-22.
  • Observational studies indicate that lower levels of endogenous T in older men are associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis, aortic and peripheral vascular disease, and incidence of CVD events and mortality
  • Interventional studies have shown beneficial effects of exogenous T on vascular function and on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jan 14
       
      the therapies employed in these studies were massively overdosed.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 14
     
    Nice review of all the sex hormones and their relationship to CVD in men.  
Nathan Goodyear

Cardiovascular Disease from Copper Deficiency-A History - 0 views

jn.nutrition.org/...489.full.pdf+html

copper cardiovascular disease CVD heart disease cardiovascular disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Dec 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Dec 15
     
    low copper associated with cardiac disease--particularly sudden death.
Nathan Goodyear

Endometriosis and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease - 0 views

circoutcomes.ahajournals.org/...CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002224

endometriosis CVD cardiovascular disease heart disease inflammation hormones heart disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 16
     
    Women with endometriosis found to be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.  The likely causation is inflammation.
Nathan Goodyear

Intermittent fasting: a dietary intervention for prevention of diabetes and cardiovascu... - 0 views

dvd.sagepub.com/...68.full

fasting diabetes cardiovascular disease inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 13
     
    Intermittant fasting reduces inflammation, improved sugar control and reduces cardiovascular disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Benefits of Modest Weight Loss in Improving Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight a... - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...1481.full

weight weight loss loss diabetes overweight individuals cardiovascular factors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Mar 12
     
    Weight loss of just 5% reduced cardiovascular disease risk.  Lifestyle interventions are still some of the best treatment options available for many chronic diseases of aging. 
Nathan Goodyear

The Metabolic Syndrome: Inflammation, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular disease - 0 views

www.ersnet.org/...51.pdf

inflammation diabetes cardiovascular disease metabolic syndrome MetS

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 13
     
    Inflammation plays a significant role in Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease.
Nathan Goodyear

The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: III. Cardiovascular Disease - Traish - 2013 -... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full

low T Testosterone CVD cardiovascular disease men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 14
     
    More recent articles have been published, but this review article reviews the link between low T and cardiovascular disease in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat... - 0 views

ajcn.nutrition.org/...535.long

saturated fats cardiovascular disease fat CVD

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 13
     
    Saturated fats not linked to cardiovascular disease.  
Nathan Goodyear

A dose-response study of consuming high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverages on lipi... - 0 views

ajcn.nutrition.org/...ajcn.114.100461.abstract

cholesterol triglycerides HFCS fructose uric acid cardiovascular disease CVD nutrition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jun 15
     
    HFCS increase biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Apolipoprotein A1 Is a Stronger Prognostic Marker Than Are HDL and LDL Cholesterol for ... - 0 views

biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/...1262.abstract

apolipoprotein a a1 cardiovascular disease cholesterol LDL HDL

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 11
     
    Apolipoprotein A1 is a better indicator of cardiovascular disease risk than HDL or LDL in men
Nathan Goodyear

Potassium Intake, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective St... - 0 views

content.onlinejacc.org/...1210

potassium stroke cardiovascular disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Apr 11
     
    DIetary Potassium intake linked to reduced rates of stroke and cardiovascular disease
Nathan Goodyear

Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update 2016 | European Heart Journal ... - 0 views

academic.oup.com/...2536403

cardiovascular disease cancer mortality europe

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Apr 18
     
    Cancer will soon overtake cardiovascular disease as the #1 cause of mortality in the US and worldwide as happened in 12 European countries. The current dogma for cancer treatment is not working; the goal must be prevention. The 12 countries include: Spain, France, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Israel, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, and UK.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone Deficiency, Cardiac Health, and Older Men - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...143763

low T Testosterone obesity type II diabetes diabetes health wellness metabolic syndrome lipids cholesterol hypogonadism TDS testicular dysgenesis syndrome men male hormone hormones prostate cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14 - No Cached
  • Studies have shown pharmacological doses of testosterone to relax coronary arteries when injected intraluminally [39] and to produce modest but consistent improvement in exercise-induced angina and reverse associated ECG changes [40]. The mechanism of action is via blockade of calcium channels with effect of similar magnitude to nifedipine
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      This directly refutes the recent studies (3) that Testosterone therapy increases cardiovascular events.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 14
       
      Testosterone acts as a calcium channel blocker inducing vasodilation.
  • men with chronic stable angina pectoris, the ischaemic threshold increased after 4 weeks of TRT and a recent study demonstrates improvement continuing beyond 12 months [
  • Exercise capacity in men with chronic heart failure increased after 12 weeks
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • Studies have shown an inverse relationship between serum testosterone and fasting blood glucose and insulin levels
  • Medications such as chronic analgesics, anticonvulsants, 5ARIs, and androgen ablation therapy are associated with increased risk of testosterone deficiency and insulin resistance
  • Women with T2D or metabolic syndrome characteristically have low SHBG and high free testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      This stands in polar opposite of that with men.
  • Hypogonadism is a common feature of the metabolic syndrome
  • The precise interaction between insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and hypogonadism is, as yet, unclear but the important mechanisms are through increased aromatase production, raised leptin levels, and increase in inflammatory kinins
  • levels of testosterone are reduced in proportion to degree of obesity
  • Men should be encouraged to combine aerobic exercise with strength training. As muscle increases, glucose will be burned more efficiently and insulin levels will fall. A minimum of 30 minutes exercise three times weekly should be advised
  • Testosterone increases levels of fast-twitch muscle fibres
  • By increasing testosterone, levels of type 2 fibres increase and glucose burning improves
  • Weight loss will increase levels of testosterone
  • studies now clearly show that low testosterone leads to visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome and is also a consequence of obesity
  • In the case of MMAS [43], a baseline total testosterone of less than 10.4 nmol/L was associated with a greater than 4-fold incidence of type 2 diabetes over the next 9 years
  • There is high level evidence that TRT improves insulin resistance
  • Low testosterone predicts increased mortality and testosterone therapy improves survival in 587 men with type 2 diabetes
  • A similar retrospective US study involved 1031 men with 372 on TRT. The cumulative mortality was 21% in the untreated group versus 10% ( ) in the treated group with the greatest effect in younger men and those with type 2 diabetes
  • the presence of ED has been shown to be an independent risk factor, particularly in hypogonadal men, increasing the risk of cardiac events by over 50%
  • A recent online publication on ischaemic heart disease mortality in men concluded optimal androgen levels are a biomarker for survival
  • inverse associations between low TT or FT (Table 2) and the severity of CAD
  • A recent 10 year study from Western Australia involving 3690 men followed up from 2001–2010 concluded that TT and FT levels in the normal range were associated with decreased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, for the first time suggesting that both low and DHT are associated with all-cause mortality and higher levels of DHT reduced cardiovascular risk
  • TDS is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
  • The effect of treatment with TRT reduced the mortality rate of treated cohort (8.4%) to that of the eugonadal group whereas the mortality for the untreated remained high at 19.2%
  • hypogonadal men had slightly increased triglycerides and HDL
  • Men with angiographically proven CAD (coronary artery disease) have significantly lower testosterone levels [29] compared to controls ( ) and there was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of CAD and TT (total testosterone) levels
  • TRT has also been shown to reduce fibrinogen to levels similar to fibrates
  • men treated with long acting testosterone showed highly significant reductions in TC, LDL, and triglycerides with increase in HDL, associated with significant reduction in weight, BMI, and visceral fat
  • Low androgen levels are associated with an increase in inflammatory markers
  • In the Moscow study, C-reactive protein was reduced by TRT at 30 weeks versus placebo
  • In some studies, a decline in diastolic blood pressure has been observed, after 3–9 months [24, 26] and in systolic blood pressure
  • A decline was noted in IL6 and TNF-alpha
  • No studies to date show an increase in LUTS/BPH symptoms with higher serum testosterone levels
  • TRT has been shown to upregulate PDE5 [65] and enhance the effect of PDE5Is (now an accepted therapy for both ED and LUTS), it no longer seems logical to advice avoidance of TRT in men with mild to moderate BPH.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      What about just starting with normalization of Testosterone levels first.
  • Several meta-analyses have failed to show a link between TRT and development of prostate cancer [66] but some studies have shown a tendency for more aggressive prostate cancer in men with low testosterone
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 12 May 14
       
      And if one would have looked at their estrogen levels, I guarantee they would have been found to be elevated.
  • low bioavailable testosterone and high SHBG were associated with a 4.9- and 3.2-fold risk of positive biopsy
  • Current EAU, ISSAM, and BSSM guidance [1, 2] is that there is “no evidence TRT is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer or activation of subclinical cancer.”
  • Men with prostate cancer, treated with androgen deprivation, develop an increase of fat mass with an altered lipid profile
  • Erectile dysfunction is an established marker for future cardiovascular risk and the major presenting symptom leading to a diagnosis of low testosterone
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