In humans, the bones are completely regenerated over a period of about three years.
Osteoclast cells destroy old bones, and osteoblast cells create new ones. This way, bones are regenerated little by little every day. MBP® is a useful part in this remod
van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Engelsen O, Pasco JA, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Lucas R, Jones G.
The High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency across Australian Populations Is Only Partly Explained by Season and Latitude.
Environ Health
Fowke JH.
Head and neck cancer: a case for inhibition by isothiocyanates and indoles from cruciferous vegetables.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2007 Aug;16(4):348-56.
PMID: 17554208 [PubMed - in process]
What is VITAL?
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a research study in 20,000 U.S. men and women investigating whether taking daily dietary supplements of vitamin D (about 2000 IU) or fish oil (about 1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids) reduces the risk of developing cancer, heart disease, and stroke in people who do not have a prior history of these illnesses. Recruitment for the study will begin in January 2010.
Simultaneously Blocking Glycolysis and Fat Metabolism
Can the use of DCA and a fatty acid metabolism blocker together force more cancer cells into using aerobic metabolism?
Tim McGough used green tea extract, which contains EGCG, in his fantastic response.
DCA works by reactivating mitochondria and shifts metabolism from glycolysis to glucose oxidation. Hopefully the cancer cell will then undergo apoptosis. However, cancer cells have an alternate energy source: fat metabolism. This page explores to possibility of blocking fat metabolism to help force the cell into apoptosis.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer that does not respond well to DCA. This study, Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines Are Resistant to Mitochondrial-Depolarization-Induced Apoptosis states:
"Results: ΔΨm in head and neck cell lines started to show slight loss of ΔΨm, while HL-60 showed significant loss of ΔΨm after 30 min of treatment. All cell lines demonstrated complete mitochondrial depolarization within 24 h, however, only the control cell line HL-60 underwent apoptosis. In addition, HNSCC cell lines did not demonstrate cytoplasmic cytochrome c release despite significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization, while HL-60 cell initiated apoptosis and cytochcrome c release after 24 h of treatment. Conclusions: Head and neck cancer cell lines exhibit defects in mitochondrial-membrane-depolarization-induced apoptosis as well as impaired release of cytochrome c despite significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Proximal defects in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway are a feature of HNSCC.(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma)"
Note that although the cell lines were depolarized, apoptosis did not occur. So I checked to see if fatty acid metabolism is used by squamous cell carcinoma.
Lin PY, Su KP.
A meta-analytic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;68(7):1056-61.
PMID: 17685742 [PubMed - in process]
In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice.
Seeram NP, Adams LS, Henning SM, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Nair MG, Heber D.
J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Jun;16(6):360-7.
PMID: 15936648
Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation.\nAviram M, Rosenblat M, Gaitini D, Nitecki S, Hoffman A, Dornfeld L, Volkova N, Presser D, Attias J, Liker H, Hayek T.\nClin Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):423-33. Erratum in: Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;27(4):671.\nPMID: 15158307
Reginster JY.
Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in European postmenopausal women.
Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Jul 12; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17631697 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tuohimaa P, Pukkala E, Scelo G, Olsen JH, Brewster DH, Hemminki K, Tracey E, Weiderpass E, Kliewer EV, Pompe-Kirn V, McBride ML, Martos C, Chia KS, Tonita JM, Jonasson JG, Boffetta P, Brennan P.
Does solar exposure, as indicated by the non-melanoma skin
Lanske B, Razzaque MS.
Vitamin D and aging: old concepts and new insights.
J Nutr Biochem. 2007 May 23; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17531460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Blizzard L, Taylor BV, Kilpatrick T, Butzkueven H, McMichael AJ.
Vitamin D levels in people with multiple sclerosis and community controls in Tasmania, Australia.
J Neurol. 2007 May;254(5):581-90. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
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