A nested case control study of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer.
Wu K, Feskanich D, Fuchs CS, Willett WC, Hollis BW, Giovannucci EL.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Jul 18;99(14):1120-9. Epub 2007 Jul 10.
PMID: 17623801
Calcium Associated With Lower Risk Of Cancer In Women\nScienceDaily (Feb. 24, 2009) - Women with higher intake of calcium appear to have a lower risk of cancer overall, and both men and women with high calcium intakes have lower risks of colorectal cancer and other cancers of the digestive system, according to a report in the February 23 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B.
Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):18-28. Review.
PMID: 16825677
Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies.
Key TJ, Fraser GE, Thorogood M, Appleby PN, Beral V, Reeves G, Burr ML, Chang-Claude J, Frentzel-Beyme R, Kuzma JW, Mann J, McPherson K.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl):516S-524S.
PMID: 10479225
Further categorization of diets showed that, in comparison with regular meat eaters, mortality from ischemic heart disease was 20% lower in occasional meat eaters, 34% lower in people who ate fish but not meat, 34% lower in lactoovovegetarians, and 26% lower in vegans. There were no significant differences between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in mortality from cerebrovascular disease, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, or all other causes combined.
See especially
TABLE 7. All-studies death rate ratios and 95% CIs and the number of deaths by diet category
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/70/3/516S/T7
Nutrition intervention using an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing supplement in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Effects on nutritional and inflammatory status: a phase II trial.
Read JA, Beale PJ, Volker DH, Smith N, Childs A, Clarke SJ.
Support Care Cancer. 2007 Mar;15(3):301-7. Epub 2006 Oct 5.
PMID: 17021855
Doi: 10.1007/s00520-006-0153-3
The present study, thus, raises the possibility that DHA may exert pro-apoptotic and antitumoral effects through proteasomal regulation of beta-catenin levels and alterations in the expression of TCF-beta-catenin target genes.
Docosahexaenoic acid induces proteasome-dependent degradation of beta-catenin, down-regulation of survivin and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells not expressing COX-2.
Calviello G, Resci F, Serini S, Piccioni E, Toesca A, Boninsegna A, Monego G, Ranelletti FO, Palozza P.
Carcinogenesis. 2007 Jun;28(6):1202-9. Epub 2006 Dec 20.
PMID: 17183061
doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl254
Prospective study of serum vitamin D and cancer mortality in the United States.
Freedman DM, Looker AC, Chang SC, Graubard BI.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Nov 7;99(21):1594-602. Epub 2007 Oct 30.
PMID: 17971526
doi:10.1093/jnci/djm204
CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support an association between 25(OH)D and total cancer mortality, although there was an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and colorectal cancer mortality.
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.
Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen JM, Anderson GL, Assaf AR, Brunner RL, O'Sullivan MJ, Margolis KL, Ockene JK, Phillips L, Pottern L, Prentice RL, Robbins J, Rohan TE, Sarto GE, Sharma S, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wallace RB, Whitlock E, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black HR, Bonds DE, Brzyski RG, Caan B, Chlebowski RT, Cochrane B, Garland C, Gass M, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix SL, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell FA, Jackson RD, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kooperberg CL, Kuller LH, LaCroix AZ, Lane DS, Langer RD, Lasser NL, Lewis CE, Limacher MC, Manson JE; Women's Health Initiative Investigators.
N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 16;354(7):684-96. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 9;354(10):1102.
PMID: 16481636
Conclusions Daily supplementation of calcium with vitamin D for seven years had no effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women. The long latency associated with the development of colorectal cancer, along with the seven-year duration of the trial, may have contributed to this null finding. Ongoing follow-up will assess the longer-term effect of this intervention.
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and survival in patients with colorectal cancer.
Ng K, Meyerhardt JA, Wu K, Feskanich D, Hollis BW, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS.
J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 20;26(18):2984-91.
PMID: 18565885
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.1027
Conclusion Among patients with colorectal cancer, higher prediagnosis plasma 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significant improvement in overall survival. Further study of the vitamin D pathway and its influence on colorectal carcinogenesis and cancer progression is warranted.
Meta-analysis: longitudinal studies of serum vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk.
Yin L, Grandi N, Raum E, Haug U, Arndt V, Brenner H.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jul 1;30(2):113-25. Epub 2009 Apr 15.
PMID: 19392870
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04022.x
Conclusions Our results support suggestions that serum 25(OH)D is inversely related to CRC risk.
Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and survival in patients with colorectal cancer
K Ng, B M Wolpin, J A Meyerhardt, K Wu, A T Chan, B W Hollis, E L Giovannucci, M J Stampfer, W C Willett and C S Fuchs
Br J Cancer 101: 916-923; advance online publication, August 18, 2009; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605262
Meta-analysis of animal fat or animal protein intake and colorectal cancer.
Alexander DD, Cushing CA, Lowe KA, Sceurman B, Roberts MA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 1926172
doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26838
"Results indicated that mice on diets supplemented with flaxseed meal and flaxseed oil had, on average, 45 percent fewer tumors in the small intestine and the colon compared to the control group."
The scientists published their research findings in February in the academic peer-reviewed international journal Nutrition and Cancer.
There is new research out this morning from South Dakota State University which offers evidence that including flax in the diet may help prevent colorectal tumors or keep tumors from growing as quickly when they do form. Professor C. Dwivedi, head of SDSU's Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, directed the study.
The study was conducted in mice that develop spontaneous intestinal tumors. This strain of mouse is often used as a model by cancer researchers due to this mutation.