The first large-scale, prospective, randomized trial of combined treatment with a statin and an omega-3 fatty acid originally derived from fish, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has shown that the addition of EPA to statin therapy provides additional benefit in preventing major coronary events, apparently through lipid-independent mechanisms.[1] The Japan eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) tested the effects of long-term use of EPA 1800 mg/day in addition to a statin in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia. The results add support to previous evidence of the beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with known coronary heart disease, and show that that effect can extend the benefit of statins, the JELIS investigators believe
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA or also icosapentaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:5(n-3). It also has the trivial name timnodonic acid. Chemically, EPA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and f
Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid for the treatment of psychological distress and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.\nLucas M, Asselin G, Mérette C, Poulin MJ, Dodin S.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;89(2):641-51. Epub 2008 Dec 30.\nPMID: 19116322 \ndoi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26749
Nutrition intervention using an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing supplement in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Effects on nutritional and inflammatory status: a phase II trial.
Read JA, Beale PJ, Volker DH, Smith N, Childs A, Clarke SJ.
Support Care Cancer. 2007 Mar;15(3):301-7. Epub 2006 Oct 5.
PMID: 17021855
Doi: 10.1007/s00520-006-0153-3
Effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic n-3 fatty acids from fish oil and preferential Cox-2 inhibition on systemic syndromes in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Cerchietti LC, Navigante AH, Castro MA.
Nutr Cancer. 2007;59(1):14-20.
PMID: 17927497
Limited effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell numbers and functions in healthy young males.
Miles EA, Banerjee T, Wells SJ, Calder PC.
Nutrition. 2006 May;22(5):512-9.
PMID: 16600816
doi:10.1016/j.nut.2005.11.011
DHA and EPA generally modulated different sets of genes, although a few common effects were noted. In our approach, we used preneoplastic adenoma cells which are a relevant model for target cells of chemoprevention. If verified with real time PCR, these results identify genes and targets for chemoprevention of colon cancer.
Modulation of gene expression in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid treated human colon adenoma cells.
Habermann N, Lund EK, Pool-Zobel BL, Glei M.
Genes Nutr. 2009 Mar;4(1):73-6. Epub 2009 Feb 21.
PMID: 19234733
doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0112-y.
Use of Biodiesel-Derived Crude Glycerol for Producing Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) by the Fungus Pythium irregulare.
Athalye SK, Garcia RA, Wen Z.
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19265450
DOI: 10.1021/jf803922w
Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of docosahexaenoic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid in renal epithelial cells and macrophages.
Kim YJ, Chung HY.
J Med Food. 2007 Jun;10(2):225-31.
PMID: 17651056
doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.092.
Identification of endogenous resolvin E1 and other lipid mediators
derived from eicosapentaenoic acid via electrospray low-energy tandem
mass spectrometry: spectra and fragmentation mechanisms.
Lu Y, Hong S, Yang R, Uddin J, Gotlinger KH, Petasis NA, Serhan CN.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2007;21(1):7-22.
PMID: 17131464
Effects of oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on immune cell composition and function in healthy humans.
Kew S, Mesa MD, Tricon S, Buckley R, Minihane AM, Yaqoob P.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):674-81.
PMID: 15051614
Incremental effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with coronary artery disease.
Matsuzaki M, Yokoyama M, Saito Y, Origasa H, Ishikawa Y, Oikawa S, Sasaki J, Hishida H, Itakura H, Kita T, Kitabatake A, Nakaya N, Sakata T, Shimada K, Shirato K, Matsuzawa Y; JELIS Investigators.
Circ J. 2009 Jul;73(7):1283-90. Epub 2009 May 8.
PMID: 19423946
Conclusions: EPA is effective for secondary prevention of CAD, especially in individuals with prior MI, and
should be added to conventional treatment.
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis.
Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, Matsuzawa Y, Saito Y, Ishikawa Y, Oikawa S, Sasaki J, Hishida H, Itakura H, Kita T, Kitabatake A, Nakaya N, Sakata T, Shimada K, Shirato K; Japan EPA lipid intervention study (JELIS) Investigators.
Lancet. 2007 Mar 31;369(9567):1090-8. Erratum in: Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):220.
PMID: 17398308
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60527-3
Interpretation
EPA is a promising treatment for prevention of major coronary events, and especially non-fatal coronary events, in Japanese hypercholesterolaemic patients
Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of low doses of curcumin in combination with polyunsaturated fatty acids: docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid.
Saw CL, Huang Y, Kong AN.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 1;79(3):421-30. Epub 2009 Sep 8.
PMID: 19744468
Children need omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA and docosahexaenoic acid / DHA) for their brain development. Here is list of foods that act as brain foods