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Mr. Stanley

Department of Psychology :: Principles of Learning :: University of Memphis - 62 views

www.psyc.memphis.edu/...lp3.shtml

testing education retention recall teaching

shared by Mr. Stanley on 22 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • The single most important variable in promoting long-term retention and transfer is "practice at retrieval"
  • -learners generate responses, with minimal retrieval cues, repeatedly, over time.
  • without relying on external memory aids.
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • practice at retrieval has been shown to be more effective than merely spending more time studying the material without actively engaging in memory retrieval.
  • By doing so repeatedly, especially in varied contexts, the learner strengthens access to this information,
  • given minimal cues
  • two different effects. One is the "testing effect," in which intervening tests improves learning of concepts that are retrieved from memory
  • when intervening tests are spaced, two tests were more effective than a single test in improving long-term retention of material.
  • Compared to a cued-recall or recognition intervening test, a free-recall test produced better performance on a final test, regardless of the format of the final test.
  • Educational Applications
  • Align lectures, assignments and tests, so that important information will have to be remembered at different times
  • Have students retrieve this information in multiple ways by either varying the questions or context in which it is assessed:
  • During lectures, ask students questions to elicit responses that reflect understanding of previously introduced course material.
  • This serves the dual purpose of probing students' knowledge, so that misconceptions can be directly and immediately addressed in the lecture.
  • On homework assignments, have students retrieve key information from lectures and readings.
  • Chapter summaries, for instance, may include study questions that ask students to recall major points or conclusions to be drawn from the reading.
  • Encourage group studying in which students actively discuss course topics
  • test questions offer another opportunity for "practice at retrieval,"
  • Ideally tests should be cumulative and test items should probe for understanding of the material.
Kenuvis Romero

Memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/Memory

shared by Kenuvis Romero on 23 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Encoding of working memory involves the spiking of individual neurons induced by sensory input, which persists even after the sensory input disappears (Jensen and Lisman 2005; Fransen et al. 2002). Encoding of episodic memory involves persistent changes in molecular structures that alter synaptic transmission between neurons. Examples of such structural changes include long-term potentiation (LTP) or spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The persistent spiking in working memory can enhance the synaptic and cellular changes in the encoding of episodic memory (Jensen and Lisman 2005).
  • Recent functional imaging studies detected working memory signals in both medial temporal lobe (MTL), a brain area strongly associated with long-term memory, and prefrontal cortex (Ranganath et al. 2005), suggesting a strong relationship between working memory and long-term memory. However, the substantially more working memory signals seen in the prefrontal lobe suggest that this area play a more important role in working memory than MTL (Suzuki 2007).
  • Consolidation and reconsolidation. Short-term memory (STM) is temporary and subject to disruption, while long-term memory (LTM), once consolidated, is persistent and stable. Consolidation of STM into LTM at the molecular level presumably involves two processes: synaptic consolidation and system consolidation. The former involves a protein synthesis process in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), whereas the latter transforms the MTL-dependent memory into an MTL-independent memory over months to years (Ledoux 2007). In recent years, such traditional consolidation dogma has been re-evaluated as a result of the studies on reconsolidation. These studies showed that prevention after retrieval affects subsequent retrieval of the memory (Sara 2000). New studies have shown that post-retrieval treatment with protein synthesis inhibitors and many other compounds can lead to an amnestic state (Nadel et al. 2000b; Alberini 2005; Dudai 2006). These findings on reconsolidation fit with the behavioral evidence that retrieved memory is not a carbon copy of the initial experiences, and memories are updated during retrieval.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Physical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.
  • At the Center for Cognitive Science at Ohio State University, researchers have found that memory accuracy of adults is hurt by the fact that they know more, and have more experience than children, and tend to apply all this knowledge when learning new information. The findings appeared in the August 2004 edition of the journal Psychological Science.
  • Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information[59] and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information. Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.[60]
  • Methods to optimize memorization[edit] Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time. In contrast to this is cramming which is intensive memorization in a short period of time. Also relevant is the Zeigarnik effect which states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. The so-called Method of loci uses spatial memory to memorize non-spatial information.[72]
Martin Burrett

Improving Knowledge Retrieval by @guruteaching - 18 views

ukedchat.com/...edge-retrieval-by-guruteaching

knowledge memory

shared by Martin Burrett on 14 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Martin Burrett on 14 Nov 16
     
    "Watching my students' faces as I explain to them that they will be sitting a test in a fortnight is something to behold.  I often witness a whole range of emotions, from annoyance, to despair, to completely blank and unreadable expressions. It's never a good look! So, a priority I've been working on for the past few months is improving knowledge retrieval, so that when a test is announced, my students can deal with it in a much more positive way."
Aly Kenee

DOTGO * Users * How It Works - 74 views

dotgo.com/HowItWorks

cell_phones mobile SMS texting

shared by Aly Kenee on 11 Dec 09 - Cached
  • Aly Kenee on 11 Dec 09
     
    Use a cell phone with no data plan to retrieve information from a website in the form of a text message.
  • Aly Kenee on 11 Dec 09
     
    Use a cell phone with no data plan to retrieve information from a website in the form of a text message.
Siri Anderson

Test-Taking Cements Knowledge Better Than Studying, Researchers Say - NYTimes.com - 41 views

www.nytimes.com/...21memory.html

shared by Siri Anderson on 22 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • found that students who read a passage, then took a test asking them to recall what they had read, retained about 50 percent more of the information a week later than students who used two other methods.
  • I think that learning is all about retrieving, all about reconstructing our knowledge,
  • When they are later asked what they have learned, she went on, they can more easily “retrieve it and organize the knowledge that they have in a way that makes sense to them.”
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • But when they were evaluated a week later, the students in the testing group did much better than the concept mappers.
  • “The struggle helps you learn, but it makes you feel like you’re not learning,
  • when we use our memories by retrieving things, we change our access” to that information,
  • What we recall becomes more recallable in the future. In a sense you are practicing what you are going to need to do later.”
  • They even did better when they were evaluated not with a short-answer test but with a test requiring them to draw a concept map from memory
    • Siri Anderson
      Siri Anderson on 23 Jan 11
       
      In the narrative recall version of the test the subjects were made to reread the article numerous times. In the concept mapping version they were directed to read the article once. The different outcomes could just be related to the power of re-reading something. Also, narrative recall isn't what most tests look like. That label is clearly a misnomer.
Margaret Hale

ePortfolios and GoogleApps - ePortfolios with GoogleApps - 142 views

sites.google.com/...try-eportfolios-and-googleapps

8847_multimedia e-portfolios 8847_active_learning

shared by Margaret Hale on 11 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Margaret Hale on 11 Mar 12
     
    Dr. Barrett's (n.d.) webpage presents an introduction to the types of ePortfolios in a learner-centered approach. The website requires cognitive activity and capitalizes on the use of multimedia to present the essential content; and it does so following instructional design principles as recommended by Mayer (2009). Beginning with an anticipatory set to activate the learner's prior knowledge, the lesson page begins by asking learners to think about their own personal use of portfolios. Immediately following, the essential material elements are presented in a cartoon image, capitalizing on the benefits of dual coding (Mayer, Id.), using both images and key words to help learners pay attention and select appropriate information. The image also relies on spatial contiguity (Mayer, Id.) in its presentation format. This webpage itself would fit into Mayer's (Id.) use of multimedia as "information acquisition." However, coupled with a reflective activity, learners would be able to make more integrated sense of the types of portfolios available and which types would be most suited for their particular needs. References: Barrett, H. (n.d.). ePortfolios and Google Apps. [Webpage]. Retrieved from http://sites.google.com/site/eportfolioapps/overview/blog-entry-eportfolios-and-googleapps Mayer, R. (2009). Multimedia learning (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Margaret Hale on 11 Mar 12
     
    Dr. Barrett's (n.d.) webpage presents an introduction to the types of ePortfolios in a learner-centered approach. The website requires cognitive activity and capitalizes on the use of multimedia to present the essential content; and it does so following instructional design principles as recommended by Mayer (2009). Beginning with an anticipatory set to activate the learner's prior knowledge, the lesson page begins by asking learners to think about their own personal use of portfolios. Immediately following, the essential material elements are presented in a cartoon image, capitalizing on the benefits of dual coding (Mayer, Id.), using both images and key words to help learners pay attention and select appropriate information. The image also relies on spatial contiguity (Mayer, Id.) in its presentation format. This webpage itself would fit into Mayer's (Id.) use of multimedia as "information acquisition." However, coupled with a reflective activity, learners would be able to make more integrated sense of the types of portfolios available and which types would be most suited for their particular needs. References: Barrett, H. (n.d.). ePortfolios and Google Apps. [Webpage]. Retrieved from http://sites.google.com/site/eportfolioapps/overview/blog-entry-eportfolios-and-googleapps Mayer, R. (2009). Multimedia learning (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
maureen greenbaum

Knewton Salon: How has the internet changed the way you think? | Knewton Blog - 20 views

www.knewton.com/...rnet-changed-the-way-you-think

shared by maureen greenbaum on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • why school is so important. On a raw level, school can show students what it feels like to concentrate at different levels–what it feels like to write a paper, solve a difficult math puzzle, and synthesize various skills. That way, students develop a taste for cognitive satisfaction and learn to look for it throughout their lives.
  • , I don’t think that skills like memorization have decreased in importance. Sure, it may seem like we don’t need to commit facts to memory anymore and that the relevant skills today are navigation, retrieval, and analysis (how quickly you can find something, whether you can find it again later, and absorb what you need from it as quickly as possible). But memorization is still important; even in today’s world, where you have a universe of information at your fingertips, you have to remember how to navigate information, how to find it again, how to use tools to find it again as well as what you found in the past and how that might relate to the information rushing at you in the present. So in this sense, memorization is inextricably linked to navigation, retrieval, and analysis. The more you remember at any given point, the more space you have left in your “working memory” to perform complex cognitive processes.
Cammy Torgenrud

Learning to Slow Down - 116 views

www.nais.org/...itmagazinearticle.cfm

technology education NAIS

shared by Cammy Torgenrud on 12 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Students must still learn to communicate complex ideas. They must be able to create entire thoughts that run together in recognizable patterns in order to function in school and at work. Most importantly, they must be able to master this skill to participate as informed citizens in our shared civil discourse. Students who are flooded by facts think that the best way to answer a question is to search for more facts instead of organizing and marshalling the information they already have to develop a strong case. As long as the Internet is readily available, a search is faster and easier than a thoughtful and challenging discussion.
  • When my students learn to be nuanced, when they learn to listen carefully and find agreement, those are human tasks. When they learn to disagree carefully and logically, those are human tasks. These interactions that take place at the speed of conversation are essential building blocks for survival in the 21st or any other century.
  • Cammy Torgenrud on 12 Dec 11
     
    A thoughtful commentary on the need to help students value deliberation and "brain pacing" rather than just "internet retrieval speed."
Chai Reddy

Test-Taking Cements Knowledge Better Than Studying, Researchers Say - NYTimes.com - 17 views

www.nytimes.com/...21memory.html

tests testing students studying memorization constructivism mapping

shared by Chai Reddy on 21 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • Taking a test is not just a passive mechanism for assessing how much people know, according to new research. It actually helps people learn, and it works better than a number of other studying techniques.
  • “I think that learning is all about retrieving, all about reconstructing our knowledge,” said the lead author, Jeffrey Karpicke, an assistant professor of psychology at Purdue University. “I think that we’re tapping into something fundamental about how the mind works when we talk about retrieval.”
Greta Oppe

A Vision of K-12 Students Today (Classic EdTech video) - 61 views

www.youtube.com/watch

education technology students web2.0 learning culture collaboration teaching digitalstorytelling YouTube

shared by Greta Oppe on 27 Mar 11 - Cached
  • Greta Oppe on 27 Mar 11
     
    This project was created to inspire teachers to use technology in engaging ways to help students develop higher level thinking skills. Equally important, it serves to motivate district level leaders to provide teachers with the tools and training to do so. Nesbitt, B. J. (2007). A vision of K-12 students today. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A-ZVCjfWf8
Greta Oppe

A Vision of Students Today (Classic EdTech video) - 33 views

www.youtube.com/watch

education technology students youtube web2.0 collaboration culture learning teaching

shared by Greta Oppe on 27 Mar 11 - Cached
  • Greta Oppe on 27 Mar 11
     
    A short video summarizing some of the most important characteristics of students today - how they learn, what they need to learn, their goals, hopes, dreams, what their lives will be like, and what kinds of changes they will experience in their lifetime. Created by Michael Wesch in collaboration with 200 students at Kansas State University. Wesch, M. (2007). A vision of students today [Video]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGCJ46vyR9o
Greta Oppe

A Vision for 21st Century Learning - 112 views

www.youtube.com/watch

education technology students web2.0 youtube learning culture collaboration

shared by Greta Oppe on 27 Mar 11 - Cached
  • Greta Oppe on 27 Mar 11
     
    TED@Palm Springs presentation on game-based learning; creation of "immersive learning environments." Meyers, A. (2009). A Vision for 21st Century Learning [Video]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mirxkzkxuf4
  • Ms. Nimz on 31 Mar 11
     
    I disliked this video. Is my classroom extraordinary? The rest of the classrooms in the U.S. have unmoving, silent children stuck in desks all day? The students don't talk to each other? They don't collaborate to solve problems? They don't read? They don't write in order to analyze and express opinions? They don't use math manipulatives, do science experiments, build, draw, and do projects? They don't laugh together, digress, and then get back on track? Because that's what we do. It doesn't strike me as a response to the Industrial Revolution as much as a response to students' curiosity and to their future needs. "If we get it right, kids won't even know they're learning something." So, we're doing it wrong if the kids are actually aware that they're learning? Better they should be metaphorically anesthetized by the computer experience? We don't want them inoculated against feeling the discomfort of struggle. Every respected neuroscientist on the planet says struggle is necessary to wire neurons together, which is the physical manifestation of learning. The simulation of the village looks very cool. I love computers. But if all their learning about ancient Rome is based on this simulation, where are the primary sources? Will students encounter any? Or is their experience of the village based on someone else's interpretation of primary sources? If so, then someone else gets to decide what is important to include in the Roman village. They get to choose and interpret the facts that are used to create the virtual ancient Roman experience. That goes against best practice teaching of the social sciences.
Martin Burrett

Pen - Simple Online Publishing - 63 views

pen.io

online publishing notepad notes text links password

shared by Martin Burrett on 05 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Martin Burrett on 05 Jul 11
     
    A text based, no frills notepad site. Works on every device I've I've tried it on (and I have many in various states of decay), so it makes an ideal site to work with text across platforms. Download text as a PDF or save it on the site and retrieve with a link and password. http://ictmagic.wikispaces.com/ICT+&+Web+Tools
trisha_poole

Social Media and the Professional Learning Community - Networks, Collaboration & Commun... - 2 views

resourcelinkbce.wordpress.com/...ks-collaboration-communication

social media social networking phd teacherdevelopment teachers ProfessionalDevelopment pln ple collaboration community

shared by trisha_poole on 04 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • trisha_poole on 04 Nov 11
     
    The research has been clear and consistent for over 30 years-collaborative cultures in which teachers focus on improving their teaching practice, learn from each other, and are well led and supported by school principals result in better learning for students. Fullan, M. (n.d.). Learning is the Work. Retrieved from http://www.michaelfullan.ca/
Roland Gesthuizen

Clipart gallery of danger signs - LibreOffice Extensions - 71 views

extensions.libreoffice.org/...gallery-of-danger-signs

extension gallery graphics OpenOffice clipart

shared by Roland Gesthuizen on 10 May 14 - No Cached
  • Roland Gesthuizen on 10 May 14
     
    "This extension adds 4 themes to your gallery with more than 400 cliparts dealing with security at work. Better than bitmap, cliparts are vector graphics in ODF format: there is no lost of clarity when magnifying. In Draw, you may modify them or retrieve some parts to build your own signs"
Duncan Carlsmith

Sales Enablement and Knowledge Retention Online Library | Qstream - 10 views

qstream.com/resources

commercial training platform qstream sales

shared by Duncan Carlsmith on 15 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • Duncan Carlsmith on 15 Jan 16
     
    spaced retrieval practice
Michelle Kassorla

How to Dowload Your Twitter Archive - 26 views

gizmodo.com/...-download-all-your-tweets-ever

Twitter Archive

shared by Michelle Kassorla on 18 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Michelle Kassorla on 18 Jan 13
     
    Twitter will soon roll-out everyone's Twitter Archive. This is how to retrieve it.
Matt Renwick

The most-desired skills of 2020 will be… | Pew Internet & American Life Project - 142 views

www.pewinternet.org/...Skills.aspx

mindfulness leader as a thinker

shared by Matt Renwick on 17 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • In contrast, the ability to read one thing and think hard about it for hours will not be of no consequence, but it will be of far less consequence for most people.”
  • “These two modes of thinking (rapid information gathering vs. slower information processing and critical analysis) represent two different cultures, each with its own value system,” maintained Patrick Tucker, deputy editor of The Futurist magazine. “They can work together and complement one another but only with effort on the part of both sides.
  • the most highly valued intellectual and personal skills will be the ability to exist in both of these spaces.”
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Have young folk practice rapid retrieval skills alongside quiet time, personal insight, attention to detail, memory. Develop the skills to function well both unplugged and plugged-in.”
  • “There will be a premium on the skill of maintaining presence, of mindfulness, of awareness in the face of persistent and pervasive tool extensions and incursions into our lives. Is this my intention, or is the tool inciting me to feel and think this way? That question, more than multitasking or brain atrophy due to accessing collective intelligence via the internet, will be the challenge of the future.”
Beth J

Computer Database - Document - 18 views

go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DA-SORT&inPS=true&prodId=CDB&userGroupName=lom_inac&tabID=T002&searchId=R2&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=2&contentSet=GALE%7CA241627831&&docId=GALE|A241627831&docType=GALE&role=

shared by Beth J on 05 Sep 13 - No Cached
    • Beth J
      Beth J on 05 Sep 13
       
      This might be something worth looking into for MYP PP
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