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Nathan Goodyear

The role of probiotic bacteria in cancer pre... [Microbes Infect. 2000] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    The evidence of Lactobacillus probiotics to suppress colorectal cancer is limited to indirect evidence.
Nathan Goodyear

Cancer-preventing attributes of probioti... [Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    The evidence of probiotics in cancer is limited.  The limited evidence points to an increase in anti-oxidative enzymes i.e. glutathion-S-transferase, glutathione perioxidase, catalase, SOD.
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic endotoxemia: a molecular link between obesity and cardiovascular risk - 0 views

  • Weight gain has been associated with a higher gut permeability
  • a high-fat diet promotes LPS absorption
  • higher concentrations of fatty acids impair intestinal barrier integrity
  • ...37 more annotations...
  • The starting point for innate immunity activation is the recognition of conserved structures of bacteria, viruses, and fungal components through pattern-recognition receptors
  • TLRs are PRRs that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns
  • TLRs are transmembrane proteins containing extracellular domains rich in leucine repeat sequences and a cytosolic domain homologous to the IL1 receptor intracellular domain
  • The major proinflammatory mediators produced by the TLR4 activation in response to endotoxin (LPS) are TNFα, IL1β and IL6, which are also elevated in obese and insulin-resistant patients
  • Obesity, high-fat diet, diabetes, and NAFLD are associated with higher gut permeability leading to metabolic endotoxemia.
  • Probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotic treatment can reduce LPS absorption
  • LPS promotes hepatic insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting the progression of fatty liver disease.
  • In the endothelium, LPS induces the expression of pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and adhesion molecules, which promotes atherosclerosis development and progression.
  • In the adipose tissue, LPS induces adipogenesis, insulin resistance, macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
  • the gut microbiota has been recently proposed to be an environmental factor involved in the control of body weight and energy homeostasis by modulating plasma LPS levels
  • dietary fats alone might not be sufficient to cause overweight and obesity, suggesting that a bacterially related factor might be responsible for high-fat diet-induced obesity.
  • This was accompanied in high-fat-fed mice by a change in gut microbiota composition, with reduction in Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium spp.
  • n humans, it was also shown that meals with high-fat and high-carbohydrate content (fast-food style western diet) were able to decrease bifidobacteria levels and increase intestinal permeability and LPS concentrations
  • it was demonstrated that, more than the fat amount, its composition was a critical modulator of ME (Laugerette et al. 2012). Very recently, Mani et al. (2013) demonstrated that LPS concentration was increased by a meal rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), while decreased after a meal rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA).
  • this effect seems to be due to the fact that some SFA (e.g., lauric and mystiric acids) are part of the lipid-A component of LPS and also to n-3 PUFA's role on reducing LPS potency when substituting SFA in lipid-A
  • these experimental results suggest a pivotal role of CD14-mediated TLR4 activation in the development of LPS-mediated nutritional changes.
  • This suggests a link between gut microbiota, western diet, and obesity and indicates that gut microbiota manipulation can beneficially affect the host's weight and adiposity.
  • endotoxemia was independently associated with energy intake but not fat intake in a multivariate analysis
  • in vitro that endotoxemia activates pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production via NFκB and MAPK signaling in preadipocytes and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity and insulin responsiveness in adipocytes.
  • T2DM patients have mean values of LPS that are 76% higher than healthy controls
  • LPS-induced release of glucagon, GH and cortisol, which inhibit glucose uptake, both peripheral and hepatic
  • LPSs also seem to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cells
  • Recent evidence has been linking ME with dyslipidemia, increased intrahepatic triglycerides, development, and progression of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • The hepatocytes, rather than hepatic macrophages, are the cells responsible for its clearance, being ultimately excreted in bile
  • All the subclasses of plasma lipoproteins can bind and neutralize the toxic effects of LPS, both in vitro (Eichbaum et al. 1991) and in vivo (Harris et al. 1990), and this phenomenon seems to be dependent on the number of phospholipids in the lipoprotein surface (Levels et al. 2001). LDL seems to be involved in LPS clearance, but this antiatherogenic effect is outweighed by its proatherogenic features
  • LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by several mechanisms, depending on LPS concentration. In animal models, low-dose LPS increases hepatic lipoprotein (such as VLDL) synthesis, whereas high-dose LPS decreases lipoprotein catabolism
  • When a dose of LPS similar to that observed in ME was infused in humans, a 2.5-fold increase in endothelial lipase was observed, with consequent reduction in total and HDL. This mechanism may explain low HDL levels in ‘ME’ and other inflammatory conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome
  • It is known that the high-fat diet and the ‘ME’ increase intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, thus synergistically contributing to the development and progression of alcoholic and NAFLD, from the initial stages characterized by intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation up to chronic inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), fibrosis, and cirrhosis
  • On the other hand, LPS activates Kupffer cells leading to an increased production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNFα
  • high-fat diet mice presented with ME, which positively and significantly correlated with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), IL1, TNFα, STAMP2, NADPHox, MCP-1, and F4/80 (a specific marker of mature macrophages) mRNAs
  • prebiotic administration reduces intestinal permeability to LPS in obese mice and is associated with decreased systemic inflammation when compared with controls
  • Cani et al. also found that high-fat diet mice presented with not only ME but also higher levels of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and macrophage infiltration markers
  • This suggests that important links between gut microbiota, ME, inflammation, and oxidative stress are implicated in a high-fat diet situation
  • high-fat feeding is associated with adipose tissue macrophage infiltration (F4/80-positive cells) and increased levels of chemokine MCP-1, suggesting a strong link between ME, proinflammatory status, oxidative stress, and, lately, increased CV risk
  • LPS has been shown to promote atherosclerosis
  • markers of systemic inflammation such as circulating bacterial endotoxin were elevated in patients with chronic infections and were strong predictors of increased atherosclerotic risk
  • As a TLR4 ligand, LPS has been suggested to induce atherosclerosis development and progression, via a TLR4-mediated inflammatory state.
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    Very nice updated review on Metabolic endotoxemia
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone deficiency and quality of life in ... [Intern Med J. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Small study in men s/p Testicular cancer found no association between Testosterone levels and quality of life measures.
Nathan Goodyear

Zearalenone inhibits testosterone biosynthe... [Toxicol In Vitro. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Zearalenone, a mycotoxin, reduced testosterone by leydig cells in mice.
Nathan Goodyear

Penile Growth in Response to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Treatment in Patients w... - 0 views

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    HCG used to stimulate endogenous testosterone production in young men with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.gfe-ev.de/onnews/2011/d2011_04_t01_01_02.pdf - 0 views

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    Study finds high intensity exercise and long duration, exceeding 40 mins, is associated with an increase in salivary Cortisol.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone Replacement on Insulin Sensitivity and Lipids in Hypoa... - 0 views

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    Study finds 50 mg of DHEA improves insulin sensitivity in Hypoadrenal women.  The authors also found and increase in DHEAS, bioavailable T, androstenedione, and a reduced SHBG, insulin, and glucagon.
Nathan Goodyear

Steroid sulfatase gene variation and DHEA r... [Physiol Genomics. 2004] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Short 10 week course of resistance exercise associated with an increase in DHEA and DHEAS in both men and women.
Nathan Goodyear

Nutrition & Metabolism | Full text | DHEA administration and exercise training improves... - 0 views

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    Obese rat model finds an improvement in IR with DHEA and exercise.
Nathan Goodyear

Exercise training-induced triglyceride lowering negatively correlates with DHEA levels ... - 0 views

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    aerobic exercise over 8 weeks increased DHEA modestly.  An inverse relationship between DHEA and Triglycerides was seen.
Nathan Goodyear

Salivary testosterone and immunoglobulin A were increased by resistance training in adu... - 0 views

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    short resistance training program increases SIgA and Salivary Testosterone levels in adults with Downs Syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older... - 0 views

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    resistance training associated with an increase in Total Testosterone and free Testosterone in young men with exercise and rest.  In contrast, with older men, the increase was seen with TT only.  An increase in IGF-1 was seen and a decrease in resting cortisol was seen.
Nathan Goodyear

Growth hormone responses to 3 differ... [Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Endurance training increases GH more than resistance and sprints/short interval training.  This increase in GH, though seen in all age groups, decreased in older aged men.
Nathan Goodyear

Growth hormone release during acute and chronic a... [Sports Med. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Exercise is an easy way to increase GH production endogenously.
Nathan Goodyear

Reproductive hormone increases in respo... [Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Exercise increased after just 20 minutes of exercise.  This study looked at serum Testosterone levels.
Nathan Goodyear

Growth hormone treatment in adults with Prader-Wil... [Endocrine. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Thought GH in those with Prader-Willi Syndrome did not see an improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism, lean body mass increased and fat mass decreased.
Nathan Goodyear

Growth hormone treatment of abdomina... [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Growth hormone treatment of abdominally obese men reduces abdominal fat mass, improves glucose and lipoprotein metabolism, and reduces diastolic blood pressure.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.ccjm.org/content/69/12/990.full.pdf - 0 views

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    nice review of the complexity of metabolic syndrome
Nathan Goodyear

The reversibility of anabolic steroid-induced azoospe... [J Urol. 1995] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Case study of 1 of a man with remote history of anabolic steroid use and current azoospermia.  HCG therapy for 3 months led to resolution of infertility.
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