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Nathan Goodyear

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3735932

SCFA gut gut health diet nutrition metabolism gut flora gut microbiota

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are present in an approximate molar ratio of 60:20:20 in the colon and stool
  • SCFAs might play a key role in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, bowel disorders, and certain types of cancer
  • SCFA administration positively influenced the treatment of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • Gut bacteria in the cecum and large intestine produce SCFAs mainly from nondigestible carbohydrates that pass the small intestine unaffected
  • plant cell-wall polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and resistant starches
  • inulin shifted the relative production of SCFAs from acetate to propionate and butyrate
  • age of approximately 3–4 years, when it becomes mature
  • SCFAs affect lipid, glucose, and cholesterol metabolism
  • colonocytes, the first host cells that take up SCFAs and which depend largely on butyrate for their energy supply
  • the microbiota educate the immune system and increase the tolerance to microbial immunodeterminants
  • the microbiota act as a metabolic organ that can break down otherwise indigestible food components, degrade potentially toxic food compounds like oxalate, and synthesize certain vitamins and amino acids
  • a large part of the SCFAs is used as a source of energy
  • The general idea is that colonocytes prefer butyrate to acetate and propionate, and oxidize it to ketone bodies and CO2
  • Exogenous acetate formed by colonic bacterial fermentation enters the blood compartment and is mixed with endogenous acetate released by tissues and organs (103, 104). Up to 70% of the acetate is taken up by the liver (105), where it is not only used as an energy source, but is also used as a substrate for the synthesis of cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids and as a cosubstrate for glutamine and glutamate synthesis
  • SCFAs regulate the balance between fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis in the body.
  • Fatty acid oxidation is activated by SCFAs, while de novo synthesis and lipolysis are inhibited
  • obese animals in this study showed a 50% reduction in relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes (i.e., acetate and propionate producers), whereas the Firmicutes (i.e., butyrate producers) were proportionally increased compared with the lean counterparts.
  • increase in total fecal SCFA concentrations in obese humans.
  • In humans the distinct relation between the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and obesity is less clear.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16
     
    Great review of the role of SCFA in gut health and body metabolism
Nathan Goodyear

The Role of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Obesity-Related Inflammatory Diseases - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...802078

fat adipose tissue inflammation adipokines adipocytokines obesity overweight hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12
     
    Great review of the current understanding on adipose tissue as a hormone, inflammatory producing organ.
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity - The Obesity Pandemic: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? - 0 views

www.nature.com/...oby2004273a.html

obesity pandemic inflammation inflammatory overweight weight-loss

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Dec 11
     
    nice study on contributors to the obesity epidemic.  Particularly inflammation.  This article touches on the idea that fat acts as a hormone producing organ.  Minus some of the treatment strategies, surgery and prescription drugs, this is a good article.   This article also touches on the implications of the obesity Pandemic as they state.
Nathan Goodyear

Systemic sclerosis: environmental factors. [J Rheumatol. 2009] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19797508

scleroderma environmental toxin toxins autoimmune disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Jan 14
     
    Environmental toxins such as slice and organic solvents have been associated with the development of scleroderma.  Other exposures include bacterial, viral, pesticides, prescription drugs...
Nathan Goodyear

Activity and expression of progesterone metabolizing 5α-reductase, 20α-hydrox... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC154104

progesterone metabolites breast cancer 5alpha-reductase 5-alpha pregnene 5-alpha pregnenes 4-pregnene 4-pregnenes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Exposure of human breast cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-10A, and ZR-75-1) to 5α-pregnanes results in changes associated with neoplasia, including increased proliferation and decreased attachment [1], depolymerization of F-actin [2] and decreases in adhesion plaque-associated vinculin
  • Exposure to 4-pregnenes results, in general, in opposite (anti-cancer-like) effects
  • 5αR1 has been detected in various androgen-independent organs, such as the liver and brain
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • 5αR2 has been found predominantly in androgen-dependent organs, such as epididymis and prostate
  • The 5α-pregnanes:4-pregnenes ratio was about 8-fold higher in tumorous than in nontumorous breast tissue after an 8-hour incubation with [14C]progesterone
  • Studies with breast cell lines, showing that 5α-pregnanes stimulate proliferation and decrease attachment of cells
  • both tissue and breast cell line studies suggest that an elevated level of progesterone 5α-reductase activity may be an indicator of breast tumorigenesis, regardless of presence or absence of ER and/or PR
  • 5αR1 is the main isoform expressed in human breast carcinomas [29] and that 5αR2 may not be associated with risk of breast cancer
  • the differences in 5α-pregnane production between the cells is due primarily to a difference in 5αR1 expression
  • As in the case of 5α-reductase activity, the presence or absence of ER and PR do not appear to be related to 5α-reductase expression.
  • the conversion of progesterone to the cancer promoting 5α-pregnanes is significantly higher in the human tumorigenic breast cell lines
  • lthough both 5αR1 and 5αR2 are expressed by these cells, the elevated 5α-reductase activity appears to be the result of significantly greater expression of 5αR1
  • Changes in progesterone metabolizing enzyme expression (resulting in enzyme activity changes) may be responsible for promoting breast cancer progression due to increased production of tumor-promoting 5α-pregnanes and decreased production of anti-cancer 20α – and 3α-4-pregnenes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 14
     
    balance of enzyme production between 5alpha-reductase and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 3alpha(beta)-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase play role in carcinogenesis and proliferation in the balance of production of progesterone metabolites. The 5alpha pregnenes are pro carcinogenic  and the 4-pregnenes are anti carcinogenic.
Nathan Goodyear

AroER Tri-Screen™ is a Biologically Relevant Assay for Endocrine Disrupting C... - 0 views

toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/...toxsci.kfu023.abstract

Paxil paroxetine estrogen receptor agonist cancer breast prostate hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    Paxil is estrogen receptor agonist.  What is interesting about this is that the FDA just approved this as a non-hormonal way to reduce hot flashes--but it is paxil under a different name.  It is non-hormonal--yeah right.  The organization making the approval doesn't know what they are doing at worse, or like the IOM stated are not up with the latest scientific knowledge.
Nathan Goodyear

Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Innate to the Immunological Awareness of Adipose Tissue - 0 views

diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/...2656.extract

adipose tissue obesity inflammation inflammatory cytokines fat

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Aug 13
     
    adipose tissue is a biological, inflammatory producing organ.
Nathan Goodyear

BMC Medicine | Full text | Slow CCL2-dependent translocation of biopersistent particles... - 0 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...99

vaccine aluminum cytokines inflammation brain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Oct 13
     
    study highlights the mechanism of aluminum transport from the site of action to distant organs ie. brain. 
Nathan Goodyear

Colonization-Induced Host-Gut Microbial Metabolic Interaction - 0 views

mbio.asm.org/...e00271-10.full

gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota CYP450 metabolism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 15 - No Cached
  • he gut microbiota enhances the host’s metabolic capacity for processing nutrients and drugs and modulate the activities of multiple pathways in a variety of organ systems.
  • Acquisition of the gut microbiota was associated with rapid increase in body weight (4%) over the first 5 days of colonization
  • The colonization process stimulated glycogenesis in the liver prior to triggering increases in hepatic triglyceride synthesis
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • modifications of hepatic Cyp8b1 expression and the subsequent alteration of bile acid metabolites
  • Expression and activity of major drug-metabolizing enzymes (Cyp3a11 and Cyp2c29) were also significantly stimulated
  • The gut microbiota (GM) exhibits a relatively low level of diversity compared to those of most soil ecosystems and in humans it is comprised of usually no more than nine phyla of microorganisms, of which only two are dominant: the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes
  • colonization of a germfree gut was rapid and remarkably stable, establishing within only a week after first exposure
  • a study conducted on germfree rats by Nicholls et al. showed that 3 weeks were necessary to obtain a stabilization and “normalization”
  • the microbiota status affects the systemic metabolism of the host, modulating the metabolic fingerprint of topographically remote organs such as the liver and the kidney
  • Gut colonization induces a rapid weight gain associated with stimulation of hepatic glycogenesis and triglyceride synthesis
  • Gut colonization alters bile acid metabolite profiles via modulation of hepatic Cyp8b1 expression
  • Bile acids are well-known contributors to glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver
  • GM is known to alter bile metabolism
  • GM is also known to exert a strong influence on the metabolism of xenobiotics
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 15
     
    The effects of gut microbiome are not confined to the gut.  They alter bile acid metabolism and thus lipid/glucose metabolism.  They alter CYP450 activity.  They effect metabolism.  They effect the metabolism, and thus effects, of other drugs. 
Nathan Goodyear

Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Cli... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...1911.abstract

vitamin vitamin d deficiency

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 11
     
    the Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline to not screen for vitamin D deficiency, proves that this organization cannot be looked to for reliable analysis of scientific data
Nathan Goodyear

Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease | Physiological Reviews - 0 views

physrev.physiology.org/...859

gut microbiota dysbiosis health GALT immune system LPS diet nutrition disease metabolic endotoxemia inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jul 14
     
    Must read and a great read at that, of the GI's contribution to health or disease.  The article reviews the current understanding of the GALT layer and it's contribution to health or metabolic endotoxemia and how this then leads to disease. The article reviews the effects of disrupted GI bacteria in the gut as well as in other organ systems.
regeneration1

Organic Supplements - 0 views

www.regenerationusa.net/company.html

hormones food supplements organic health

shared by regeneration1 on 01 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • regeneration1 on 01 Apr 15
     
    It all started in 2008. Our Anti-Aging Whole Food Bar evolved from the collision of two competing forces - the desire to eat foods that can combat aging with the need to do so easily, conveniently, and affordably.
Nathan Goodyear

Dietary supplementation of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids improves cognitive dys... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16905216

essential fatty acids DHA omega 3 omega-3 arachidonic acid brain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 16
     
    study proposes that arachidonic acid and DHA improve cognition in individuals with age related cognition changes and organic brain damage (Alzheimer's, brain lesions...)
Rahul Sharma

PVDF Syringe Filters Sterile and Non Sterile - Axiva - 0 views

www.axivafilters.com/...pvdf-filters

PVDF Syringe Filters Sterile PVDF Syringe Filters Non Sterile Syringe Filters

shared by Rahul Sharma on 04 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • Rahul Sharma on 04 Sep 18
     
    Axiva Sichem Pvt Ltd offers a wide range of PVDF Syringe Filters in sterile and non sterile category. This syringe filters intended for aqueous and organic solution samples.
Nathan Goodyear

How We Read Oncologic FDG PET/CT | Cancer Imaging | Full Text - 0 views

cancerimagingjournal.biomedcentral.com/...s40644-016-0091-3

PET_CT PET scan CT cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 18 - No Cached
  • In early PET literature focusing on analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules, some researchers defined malignancy based on a SUVmax threshold of greater than 2.5
  • We contend that SUV analysis has virtually no role in this setting.
  • tumours grow as spheres, whereas inflammatory processes are typically linear
  • ...35 more annotations...
  • Far more important than the SUVmax is the pattern rather than intensity of metabolic abnormality and the correlative CT findings
  • Descriptively, we define SUV < 5 as “low intensity”, 5–10 as “moderate”, 10–15 as “intense” and >15 as “very intense”
  • Evolving literature suggests that intensity of uptake is an independent prognostic factor and in some tumour subtypes superior to histopathologic characterisation.
  • aerobic glycolysis
  • Our practice of thresholding the grey and colour scale to liver as detailed above results in similar image intensity to a fixed upper SUV threshold of 8 to 10
  • The advantage of using the liver as a reference tissue is also aided by this organ having rather low variability in metabolic activity
  • When the liver is abnormal and cannot be used as a reference organ, we use the default SUV setting of an upper SUV threshold of 8
  • One of the most challenging aspects of oncologic FDG PET/CT review, however, is to recognise all the patterns of metabolic activity that are not malignant and which consequently confound interpretation
  • Many benign and inflammatory processes are also associated with high glycolytic activity
  • Future articles in the “How I Read” series will address the specific details of reading PET/CT in various cancers
  • The intensity of uptake in metastases usually parallels that in the primary site of disease
  • For example, discordant low-grade activity in an enlarged lymph node in the setting of intense uptake in the primary tumour suggests it is unlikely malignant and more likely inflammatory or reactive
  • By CT criteria the enlarged node is ‘pathologic’ but the discordantly low metabolic signature further characterises this is as non-malignant since such a node is not subject to partial volume effects and therefore the intensity of uptake should be similar to the primary site
  • The exception is when the lymph node is centrally necrotic as a small rim of viable tumour is subject to partial volume effects with expectant lower intensity of uptake; integrating the CT morphology is therefore critical to reaching an accurate interpretation
  • Small nodes that are visualised on PET are conversely much more likely to be metastatic as such nodes are subject to partial volume effects.
  • The exception to this rule is tumours with a propensity for tumour heterogeneity at different sites
  • The combination of FDG and a more specific tracer, which visualises the well-differentiated disease can be very useful to characterise this phenomenon
  • “metabolic signature”
  • For the majority of malignant processes, the intensity of metabolic abnormality correlates with degree of aggressiveness or proliferative rate.
  • a negative PET/CT study in a patient with biopsy proven malignancy would be considered false-negative
  • Warburg effect
  • There, however, are a significant minority of tumours that utilise substrates other glucose such as glutamine or fatty acids as a source of the carbon atoms required for growth and proliferation
  • This includes a subset of diffuse gastric adenocarcinomas, signet cell colonic adenocarcinomas and some sarcomas, particularly liposarcoma
  • There may be a role for other radiotracers such as fluorothymidine (FLT) or amino acid substrates in this setting.
  • Some tumours harbour mutations that result in defective aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism, effectively simulating the Warburg effect
  • patients with hereditary paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma highlight this phenomenon
  • These have intense uptake on FDG PET/CT despite often having low proliferative rate.
  • Uterine fibroids, hepatic adenomas, fibroadenomas of the breast and desmoid tumours are benign or relatively benign lesions that can have quite high FDG-avidity.
  • Metabolic activity switches off rapidly following initiation of therapy
  • Common examples where patients have commenced active therapy but the referrer is requesting “staging” includes hormonal therapy (eg. tamoxifen) in breast cancer, oral capecitabine in colorectal cancer or high dose steroids in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • It is therefore critical to perform PET staging before commencement of anti-tumour therapy
  • The potential advantage of routine diagnostic CT is improved anatomic localisation and definition
  • Without intravenous contrast, additional identification of typical oncologic complications such as pulmonary embolism or venous thrombosis cannot be identified
  • If the study is performed as an “interim” restaging study after commencement of therapy but before completion, in order to reach a valid or clinically useful conclusion findings must be interpreted in the context of known changes that occur at a specific timing and type of therapy
  • The most well studied use of interim PET is in Hodgkin’s lymphoma where repeat PET after two cycles of ABVD-chemotherapy provides powerful prognostic information and may improve outcomes by enabling early change of management
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 18
     
    good read on the PET/CT scan reading.  They mention that tumors are spheres and inflammation is linear, yet inflammation coexists with cancer; hard to simply delineate these on simple terms. I do agree aon the metabolic signature of the PET/CT scan
fnfdoc

How Brain Tumor Affect On Health | Your Health Our Priority - 0 views

www.fnfdoc.com/...brain-tumor-affect-health

health brain tumor

shared by fnfdoc on 28 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 28 Apr 18
     
    A brain is an organ often composed of Connective tissues and nerve cells. The brain contains three important parts including breathe controlling and muscles like moving muscles and sensing like emotions breathing, memory thinking and somewhat personality.
fnfdoc

Health Issues Due To Blood In Semen | Your Health Our Priority - 0 views

www.fnfdoc.com/...h-issues-due-to-blood-in-semen

Blood In Semen Diseases Health Hematospermia

shared by fnfdoc on 29 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 29 Apr 18
     
    Bleeding in semen caused by medical procedures, also known as hematospermia. Blood in semen caused by infections, tumors, and stones in organs as well as anatomical problems. The most common cause is a prostate biopsy.
Nathan Goodyear

Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and su... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

cesarean section obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • Compared with vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery was associated with increased odds of childhood overweight
  • Cesarean delivery was also associated with increased odds of childhood obesity at up to 5 years when compared with vaginal delivery
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jan 18
     
    Large meta-analysis out of Scottland finds that C-S versus vaginal delivery reduces urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, but is associated with an increased obesity risk of child.
fnfdoc

Tuberculosis Symptoms And Cure | Your Health Our Priority - 0 views

www.fnfdoc.com/...berculosis-diagnosis-treatment

TB Symptoms Tuberculosis

shared by fnfdoc on 15 May 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 15 May 18
     
    Tuberculosis or simply TB is a spreadable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This organism has a hard, waxy cell wall that makes it highly resistant to unfavorable environments and drugs. It evades the mucus lining of the windpipe and enters the lungs.
  • fnfdoc on 15 May 18
     
    The goal of treating Tuberculosis is to protect the patient from possible disability and death. Another objective is to reduce the spread of Tuberculosis infection to others. TB may be a stubborn infection but with the right measures at the right time, it can be cured.
fnfdoc

How Lupus Affects The Health? - 0 views

www.fnfdoc.com/...lupus-affects-health

Lupus SLE

shared by fnfdoc on 29 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 29 Apr 18
     
    SLE or Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the organs and swelling of the joints. It has vast effects on the renal, skeletal, gastrointestinal and blood systems. It affects mostly people of Chinese and African origin and presents in a capricious and unpredictable manner.
  • fnfdoc on 09 May 18
     
    10 May Is Lupus Day We Must Know About Lupus
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