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Nathan Goodyear

Serum Albumin and Globulin - Clinical Methods - NCBI Bookshelf - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...NBK204

albumin globulin liver

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 May 14
     
    good, albeit brief, review of albumin and globulin serum values and their indication.
Nathan Goodyear

Chemistry and Structural Biology of Androgen Receptor - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2096617

androgens Testosterone DHT dihydrotestosterone AR androgen receptors male hormones hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Healthy adult men typically produce approximately 3–10 mg of testosterone per day
  • circulating levels ranging from 300 to 700 ng/dL in eugonadal men
  • endogenous testosterone secretion is pulsatile and diurnal
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • highest concentration occurring at about 8:00 a.m. and the lowest at about 8:00 p.m.
  • Average serum concentrations and diurnal variation in testosterone diminish as men age
  • 40% is sequestered with high affinity to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
  • almost 60% is bound with low affinity to albumin
  • 2% as free, unbound hormone
  • 5α-DHT has even greater binding affinity to sex hormone-binding globulin than does testosterone
  • 5α-DHT is only about 5% as abundant in the blood as testosterone and is largely derived from peripheral metabolism of testosterone
  • Both 5α-reduction and aromatization are irreversible processes
  • Approximately 90% of an oral dose of testosterone is metabolized before it reaches the systemic circulation
  • there are three modes of action of testosterone. It may directly act through AR in target tissues where 5α-reductase is not expressed, be converted to 5α-DHT (5–10%) by 5α-reductase before binding to AR, or be aromatized to estrogen (0.2%) and act through the estrogen receptor
  • 5α-DHT is a more potent AR ligand than testosterone
  • has 2–10-fold higher potency than testosterone in androgen-responsive tissues
  • estrogen plays a major role in regulating metabolic process,74,75 mood and cognition,76 cardiovascular disease,77,78 sexual function including libido,79 and bone turnover in men
  • Free testosterone is considered the most “biologically active” form
  • testosterone is the major androgen that acts in the “DHT-independent” tissues, such as skeletal muscle, where 5α-reductase is not expressed or is expressed at a very low level
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Sep 16
     
    good review of androgens and AR.
Nathan Goodyear

Transport of Steroid Hormones: Binding of 21 Endogenous Steroids to Both Testosterone-B... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...58.abstract

bioavailable free Testosterone hormones hormone transport

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 13
     
    bioavailable Testosterone found to be approximately 30% of the total circulating Testosterone.  Only 1-3% of that percentage is unbound.  The other is bound to albumin.
Nathan Goodyear

Transport of Steroid Hormones: Binding of 21 Endogenous Steroids to Both Testosterone-B... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...58.abstract

Testosterone hormone hormones albumin SHBG free bioavailable

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Dec 13
     
    Just the abstract here, but article discusses the various forms of Testosterone.  There is protein bound and inactive at apps 70%.  Free or bioavailable is at 2-4% with the remaining loosely bound to albumin.
Nathan Goodyear

Promising role for Gc-MAF in cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5686300

nagalase Gc-MAF cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • MAF precursor activity has also been lost or reduced after Gc-globulin treatment in some cancer cell lines
  • This appears to result from the deglycosylated ɑ-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) secreted from cancerous cells
  • Nagalase has been detected in many cancer patients, but not in healthy individuals
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • Studies have shown that the production of nagalase has a mutual relationship with Gc-MAF level and immunosuppression
  • It has been demonstrated that serum levels of nagalase are good prognosticators of some types of cancer
  • The nagalase level in serum correlates with tumor burden and it has been shown that Gc-MAF therapy progresses, nagalase activity decreases
  • It has been shown that Gc-MAF can inhibit the angiogenesis induced by pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E1
  • The effect of Gc-MAF on chemotaxis or activation of tumoricidal macrophages is likely the main mechanism against angiogenesis.
  • Administration of Gc-MAF stimulates immune-cell progenitors for extensive mitogenesis, activates macrophages and produces antibodies. “This indicates that Gc-MAF is a powerful adjuvant for immunization.”
  • Cancer cell lines do not develop into tumor genes in mouse models after Gc-MAF-primed immunization (29-31) and the effect of Gc-MAF has been approved for macrophage stimulation for angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and metastatic inhibition on tumors induced by MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line
  • The protocol included: "a high dose of second-generation Gc-MAF (0.5 ml) administered twice a week intramuscularly for a total of 21 injections.”
  • Yamamoto et al. showed that the administration of Gc-MAF to 16 patients with prostate cancer led to improvements in all patients without recurrence
  • Inui et al. reported that a 74-year-old man diagnosed with prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases was in complete remission nine months after initiation of GcMAF therapy simultaneously with hyper T/NK cell, high-dose vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid therapy
  • It has also been approved for non-neoplastic diseases such as autism (41), multiple sclerosis (42, 43), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (40), juvenile osteoporosis (44) and systemic lupus erythematous (45).
  • Gc-MAF has been verified for use in colon, thyroid (38), lung (39), liver, thymus (36), pancreatic (40), bladder and ovarian cancer and tongue squamous carcinoma
  • Prostate, breast, colon, liver, stomach, lung (including mesothelioma), kidney, bladder, uterus, ovarian, head/neck and brain cancers, fibrosarcomas and melanomas are the types of cancer tested thus far
  • weekly administration of 100 ng Gc-MAF to cancer at different stages and types showed curative effects at different follow-up times
  • this treatment has been suggested for non-anemic patients
  • Studies have shown that weekly administration of 100 ng Gc-MAF to cancer patients had curative effects on a variety of cancers
  • Because the half-life of the activated macrophages is approximately one week, it must be administered weekly
  • In vivo weekly intramuscular administration of Gc-MAF (100 ng) for 16-22 weeks was used to treat patients with breast cancer
  • individuals harboring different VDR genotypes had different responses to Gc-MAF and that some genotypes were more responsive than others
  • Administration of Gc-MAF for cancer patients exclusively activates macrophages as an important cell in adaptive immunity
  • Gc-MAF supports humoral immunity by producing, developing and releasing large quantities of antibodies against cancer. Clinical evidence from a human model of breast cancer patients supports this hypothesis
  • There is also evidence that confirms the tumoricidal role of Gc-MAF via Fc-receptor mediation
  • It is likely that the best therapeutic responses will be observed when the nutritional and inflammatory aspects are taken together with stimulation of the immune system
  • it should be noted that no harmful side effects of Gc-MAF treatment have been reported, even when it was successfully administered to autistic children
  • The natural activation mechanism of macrophages by Gc-MAF is so natural and it should not have any side effects on humans or animal models even in cell culture
  • Besides the Gc-MAF efficacy on macrophage activity, it can be a potential anti-angiogenic agent (28) and an inhibitor of the migration of cancerous cells in the absence of macrophages (47).
  • Activating or modifying natural killer cells, dendritic cells, DC, CTL, INF and IL-2 have all been recommended for cancer immunotherapy
  • It has been reported that nagalase cannot deglycosylate Gc-MAF as it has specificity for Gc globulin alone
  • inflammation-derived macrophage activation with the participation of B and T lymphocytes is the main mechanism
  • macrophages highly-activated by the addition of Gc-MAF can show tumoricidal activity
  • Previous clinical investigations have confirmed the efficacy of Gc-MAF. In addition to activating existing macrophages, Gc-MAF is a potent mitogenic factor that can stimulate the myeloid progenitor cells to increase systemic macrophage cell counts by 40-fold in four days
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jan 18
     
    great review on Gc-MAF in cancer.  An increase in nagalase blocks Gc-protein to Gc-MAF activity leaving the host immune system compromised.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Tissue Resistance to Thyroi... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...740.abstract

hypothyroid thyroid thyroid disease T3 T4 SHBG hormone resistance hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12
     
    T3, and T4 for that matter, increases SHBG.  This would be a novel method to determine thyroid hormone receptor insensitivity or resistance.
Nathan Goodyear

Thyroid hormones act indirectly to increase sex hormone-binding globulin prod... - 0 views

jme.endocrinology-journals.org/...19.full

thyroid hormones hypothyroid hyperthyroid SHBG liver

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12
     
    Thyroid hormones stimulate SHBG levels.  
Nathan Goodyear

Secular Decline in Male Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Serum Levels in D... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...4696.long

decline male testosterone hormone danish low t low Testosterone men SHBG serum levels

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Serum SHBG levels are negatively associated with obesity and various measures of insulin resistance
  • SHBG levels increase during pharmacological oral estrogen treatment
  • insulin decreases SHBG productio
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The secular decline in SHBG and testosterone serum levels did not lead to a change in the level of free testosterone
  • existence of specific binding sites for SHBG at the cell membrane of steroid-responsive tissues has been shown
  • it is alarming that changes of this magnitude can be detected over such a relatively short time
  • Sex steroids stimulate SHBG production and secretion in vitro
  • Serum testosterone levels decreased and SHBG levels increased with increasing age
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Dec 12
     
    lower levels of SHBG and serum testosterone were found in more recently born men.  Preceding generations of men produced higher testosterone levels than men born in more recent generations.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-1 as Indica... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...1550.abstract

SHBG insulin metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12
     
    SHBG decreased in hyperinsulinemic states, such as in metabolic syndrome.  Low Testosterone has proven to be the same, though not looked at in this study.   Also, in this study, low SHBG is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality.
Nathan Goodyear

Regulation of production and secretion of sex hormone-binding globulin in HepG2 cell cu... - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...160.abstract

SHBG hormones insulin IGF-1 EGF estradiol testosterone T3 cortisol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 12
     
    SHBG and hormones.  Insulin, IGF-1, and EGF decrease SHBG levels.  Contrast that with estradiol, testosterone, T3, and cortisol that increase SHBG
Nathan Goodyear

Diet and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...293.full

diet SHBG flax seed protein men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jun 13
     
    In men, flax intake is positively associated with SHBG; whereas protein intake is inversely associated with SHBG.
Nathan Goodyear

Clinical utility of sex hormone-binding globulin me... [Horm Res. 1996] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...8964574

SHBG estrogen testosterone hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jun 13
     
    Good discussion of SHBG on their effects of sex hormones; and vice versa.
Nathan Goodyear

The endocrinology of sexual arousal - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...411.long

libido testosterone ED men women sexual arousal orgasm hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • A number of age-related changes may be relevant: altered negative feedback of testosterone and hence less increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) with falling testosterone levels, increased sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and hence relatively reduced free testosterone and the likelihood of an age-related decline in testosterone receptor sensitivity
  • In the older male, the picture is complicated by various aging effects, including altered hypothalamo–pituitary feedback, increased testosterone binding and reduced receptor sensitivity
  • The neurophysiological basis of NPT is still disputed, but one plausible explanation is that REM sleep is associated with a ‘switching off’ of the noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • the impact of testosterone on the emergence of sexual arousability is less clear
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jun 13
     
    Good discussion of the arousal/sexual response differences between men and women from a physiological perspective.  
Nathan Goodyear

Diet-hormone interactions: Protein/carbohydrate ratio alters reciprocally the plasma le... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...0024320587900865

nutrition diet carbohydrates fiber protein Testosterone men hormones male hormones cortisol

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Sep 16
     
    small study, but complex carbs found to increase Testosterone more than high protein diet.  That goes against most marketing.  In contrast, cortisol was the opposite.
Nathan Goodyear

Diet and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metaboli... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.85.1.6291

diet nutrition Testosterone SHBG low T low Testosterone hormones male hormones men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Sep 16
     
    diets lower in protein, result in decreases SHBG and thus decreased bioavailable Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Modifies Testosterone Action and Metabolism in Prostate Ca... - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...6437585

low T low Testosterone Testosterone SHBG hormones male hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 16
     
    SHBG plays an important role in Testosterone's cellular effect. Every man should have SHBG checked with Testosterone
Nathan Goodyear

Bioavailable Testosterone and Depressed Mood in Older Men: The Rancho Bernardo Study: T... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.84.2.5495

depression bioavailable Testosterone Testosterone low T low male hormones mood

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • bioavailable testosterone levels decrease much more with age than does total testosterone or estradiol levels
  • The decrease in bioavailable testosterone parallels the increase in sex hormone binding globulin with age, a change that accompanies increasing body fat independent of weight change
  • a graded stepwise decrease in bioavailable testosterone with increasing level of depressed mood
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • This association was independent of age, weight change, and physical activity, the only three significant confounding covariates of the association between sex hormone levels and BDI scores
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17
     
    bioavailable Testosterone is inversely associated with increased depressive symptoms.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state in moderately str... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3669033

Tongkat Ali long jack cortisol stress testosterone hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • At the age of 60, testosterone levels are typically only 40-50% of youthful levels and may be lower
  • Eurycoma contains a group of small peptides referred to as “eurypeptides” that are known to have effects in improving energy status and sex drive in studies of rodents
  • The effects of tongkat ali in restoring normal testosterone levels appears to be less due to actually “stimulating” testosterone synthesis, but rather by increasing the release rate of “free” testosterone from its binding hormone, sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG)
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The current study found that daily supplementation with tongkat ali root extract (200 mg/day) improves stress hormone profile (lower cortisol; higher testosterone) and certain mood state parameters (lower tension, anger, and confusion)
  • tongkat ali supplementation (100 mg/day) improved lean body mass, 1-RM strength, and arm circumference to a significantly greater degree compared to a placebo group.
  • In a recent 12-week trial [46] of Eurycoma longifolia supplementation (300 mg/day), men (30–55 years of age) showed significant improved compared to placebo in the Physical Functioning domain of the SF-36 quality of life survey
  • sexual libido was increased by 11%
  • In men with low testosterone levels (average age 51 years), one month of daily supplementation with tongkat ali extract (200 mg/day) resulted in a significant improvement in serum testosterone levels and quality-of-life parameters
  • rise in cortisol and drop in testosterone is an early signal of “overtraining”
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 15
     
    Tongkat Ali, commonly known as long jack, is found to reduce stress and increase Testosterone.  Stress is one of the common causes of low T in men.  It appears that long Jack functions as an adaptogen.
Nathan Goodyear

Abnormal serum thyroid hormones concentration... [Pak J Biol Sci. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...21874823

thyroid hormones TBG thyroxin-binding globulins

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 May 12
     
    95-99% of thyroid hormones are protein bound and inactive.
Nathan Goodyear

Redefining Metabolic Syndrome in Men (July 2012) Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients - 0 views

www.townsendletter.com/...metsyndrome0712.html

testosterone male men hormone hormones saliva salivary low T low metabolic syndrome MetS

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Aug 12 - No Cached
  • Approximately 95% to 98% of testosterone is bound to a carrier protein at any given time, leaving just the remaining 2% to 5% as completely unbound and available for tissues to use
  • most serum laboratories offer a free testosterone level, which is a calculated value based on SHBG levels or determined with equilibrium dialysis
  • the hormone enters the salivary gland by passive diffusion
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Testosterone has a known age-related decline, and total levels typically drop by approximately 1.6% per year beginning for most men in their 30s
  • As estrogen levels rise, they prompt the body to produce more SHBG, which in turn has a higher binding affinity for testosterone, and drives the unbound fraction of the testosterone pool down even further
  • When the increase in SHBG is taken into account, the age-related decline in the level of hormone that can be used by the body is closer to 2% to 3% per year.
  • Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), an herb commonly used for allergies, can also be employed to bind to SHBG, which leaves more testosterone available to tissues
  • Leptin, an adipose-derived peptide hormone that regulates appetite and metabolism, has been shown to directly inhibit testosterone production in animal models
  • tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) further inhibit Leydig cell testosterone production
  • Natural aromatase inhibitors include the bioflavonoids chrysin and luteolin
  • Zinc deficiency causes an upregulation of the aromatase enzyme
  • Testosterone reduces lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity
  • there are several herbs that can work to boost testosterone levels, including longjack (Eurycoma longifolia), horny goat weed (Epimedium grandiflorum), and tribulus (Tribulus terrestris).
  • the majority of the hormone is bound to carrier proteins including sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Aug 12
     
    nice and short review on testosterone and men's  health.
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