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Nathan Goodyear

A cross-sectional study of different patterns of oral contraceptive use among premenopa... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3123282

birth control pills OCP contraception IGF-1 HGH pre-menopausal women human growth hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 13
     
    Birth control pills were found to reduce IGF-1 levels in the short term and long term.  Those that had used birth control pills had lower IGF-1 levels compared to those that had never used birth control pills.  This fits with the current knowledge that oral estrogen reduces HGH and IGF-1.  Those were in post-menopausal women, but this is in pre-menopaus women.  This has implications on health, weight, disease...
Nathan Goodyear

A comparison of subcutaneous and intramuscula... [Endocrinol Jpn. 1988] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...3197659

HGH human growth hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Nov 12
     
    SQ HGH effective as IM.
Nathan Goodyear

Obesity - Relationship of Plasma Adiponectin With Sex Hormone and Insulin-like Growth F... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...oby2007263a.html

adiponectin estrogen insulin resistance IR

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Mar 12
     
    adiponectin inversely associated with estrogen levels.  
Nathan Goodyear

Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach : Abstract : Nature - 0 views

www.nature.com/...402656a0.html

ghrelin GH stomach overweight weight-loss obesity insulin resistance IR

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 11
     
    ghrelin is a GH releasing peptide released from the stomach
Nathan Goodyear

Sensitivity and Specificity of Six Tests for the Diagnosis of Adult GH Deficiency: The ... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.87.5.8509

HGH deficiency low human growth hormone test

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 14
     
    review of 6 diagnostic test methods for adult onset HGH deficiency.
Nathan Goodyear

Clostridium scindens: a human gut microbe with a high potential to convert glucocortico... - 0 views

www.jlr.org/...2437.full

gut microbiota gut microbiome gut bacteria androgens hormones clostridium scindens

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • During the enterohepatic circulation (EC), bile salts are synthesized in the liver, concentrated in the gallbladder, and function in the lumen of the small intestine to absorb dietary lipids and limit microbial growth at the site of nutrient uptake
  • Bile acid 7α/β-dehydroxylating bacteria are organisms capable of converting primary bile acids made by the host to harmful secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid
  • These bacteria normally comprise a small proportion of the gut microbiota (∼103–104/g wet weight) and consist of species within the genus Clostridium
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • C. scindens and a small number of species belonging to the genus Clostridium are responsible for significant alterations in the human bile acid pool composition through bile acid 7α/β dehydroxylation
  • bile acids play an important role in maintaining intestinal barrier function as antimicrobial agents in the small bowel (37, 38) and inducers of antimicrobial peptides
  • Perturbations in the biliary bile acid pool composition can be indicative of hepatogastrointestinal diseases such as fat malabsorption (40), gallstones (3), gastrointestinal cancers (41), and possibly type II diabetes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Gut microbiota appears to be source of androgen production that originates from the gut.  Who would have thought that the Gut as an androgen producing endocrine gland.
Nathan Goodyear

The role of lactate in the exercise-induced human growth hormone response: evidence fro... - 0 views

bjsm.bmj.com/...521.abstract

exercise induces HGH release

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 May 11
     
    passing lactate threshold in exercise stimulates HGH release Evidence supported by following people with McArdle disease
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus: complexity of ste... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1778460

estrogen estradiol BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor brain hippocampus

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Mar 15
     
    Estrogen effects in the hippocampus with BDNF (surprise, surprise) appear to have different effects between the sexes.
Nathan Goodyear

Sulforaphane promotes murine hair growth by accelerating the degradation of dihydrotest... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...26923074

DHT dihdyrotestosterone sulforaphane hormones hair

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 16
     
    sulforaphane reduces DHT through increased metabolism of DHT.
Nathan Goodyear

Long‐acting octreotide versus placebo for treatment of advanced HCC: A random... - 0 views

aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...hep.21468

octreotide GH growth hormone cancer liver cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 18
     
    Octreotide, GH inhibitor, no better than placebo in liver cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

How We Read Oncologic FDG PET/CT | Cancer Imaging | Full Text - 0 views

cancerimagingjournal.biomedcentral.com/...s40644-016-0091-3

PET_CT PET scan CT cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 18 - No Cached
  • In early PET literature focusing on analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules, some researchers defined malignancy based on a SUVmax threshold of greater than 2.5
  • We contend that SUV analysis has virtually no role in this setting.
  • tumours grow as spheres, whereas inflammatory processes are typically linear
  • ...35 more annotations...
  • Far more important than the SUVmax is the pattern rather than intensity of metabolic abnormality and the correlative CT findings
  • Descriptively, we define SUV < 5 as “low intensity”, 5–10 as “moderate”, 10–15 as “intense” and >15 as “very intense”
  • Evolving literature suggests that intensity of uptake is an independent prognostic factor and in some tumour subtypes superior to histopathologic characterisation.
  • aerobic glycolysis
  • Our practice of thresholding the grey and colour scale to liver as detailed above results in similar image intensity to a fixed upper SUV threshold of 8 to 10
  • The advantage of using the liver as a reference tissue is also aided by this organ having rather low variability in metabolic activity
  • When the liver is abnormal and cannot be used as a reference organ, we use the default SUV setting of an upper SUV threshold of 8
  • One of the most challenging aspects of oncologic FDG PET/CT review, however, is to recognise all the patterns of metabolic activity that are not malignant and which consequently confound interpretation
  • Many benign and inflammatory processes are also associated with high glycolytic activity
  • Future articles in the “How I Read” series will address the specific details of reading PET/CT in various cancers
  • The intensity of uptake in metastases usually parallels that in the primary site of disease
  • For example, discordant low-grade activity in an enlarged lymph node in the setting of intense uptake in the primary tumour suggests it is unlikely malignant and more likely inflammatory or reactive
  • By CT criteria the enlarged node is ‘pathologic’ but the discordantly low metabolic signature further characterises this is as non-malignant since such a node is not subject to partial volume effects and therefore the intensity of uptake should be similar to the primary site
  • The exception is when the lymph node is centrally necrotic as a small rim of viable tumour is subject to partial volume effects with expectant lower intensity of uptake; integrating the CT morphology is therefore critical to reaching an accurate interpretation
  • Small nodes that are visualised on PET are conversely much more likely to be metastatic as such nodes are subject to partial volume effects.
  • The exception to this rule is tumours with a propensity for tumour heterogeneity at different sites
  • The combination of FDG and a more specific tracer, which visualises the well-differentiated disease can be very useful to characterise this phenomenon
  • “metabolic signature”
  • For the majority of malignant processes, the intensity of metabolic abnormality correlates with degree of aggressiveness or proliferative rate.
  • a negative PET/CT study in a patient with biopsy proven malignancy would be considered false-negative
  • Warburg effect
  • There, however, are a significant minority of tumours that utilise substrates other glucose such as glutamine or fatty acids as a source of the carbon atoms required for growth and proliferation
  • This includes a subset of diffuse gastric adenocarcinomas, signet cell colonic adenocarcinomas and some sarcomas, particularly liposarcoma
  • There may be a role for other radiotracers such as fluorothymidine (FLT) or amino acid substrates in this setting.
  • Some tumours harbour mutations that result in defective aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism, effectively simulating the Warburg effect
  • patients with hereditary paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma highlight this phenomenon
  • These have intense uptake on FDG PET/CT despite often having low proliferative rate.
  • Uterine fibroids, hepatic adenomas, fibroadenomas of the breast and desmoid tumours are benign or relatively benign lesions that can have quite high FDG-avidity.
  • Metabolic activity switches off rapidly following initiation of therapy
  • Common examples where patients have commenced active therapy but the referrer is requesting “staging” includes hormonal therapy (eg. tamoxifen) in breast cancer, oral capecitabine in colorectal cancer or high dose steroids in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • It is therefore critical to perform PET staging before commencement of anti-tumour therapy
  • The potential advantage of routine diagnostic CT is improved anatomic localisation and definition
  • Without intravenous contrast, additional identification of typical oncologic complications such as pulmonary embolism or venous thrombosis cannot be identified
  • If the study is performed as an “interim” restaging study after commencement of therapy but before completion, in order to reach a valid or clinically useful conclusion findings must be interpreted in the context of known changes that occur at a specific timing and type of therapy
  • The most well studied use of interim PET is in Hodgkin’s lymphoma where repeat PET after two cycles of ABVD-chemotherapy provides powerful prognostic information and may improve outcomes by enabling early change of management
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 18
     
    good read on the PET/CT scan reading.  They mention that tumors are spheres and inflammation is linear, yet inflammation coexists with cancer; hard to simply delineate these on simple terms. I do agree aon the metabolic signature of the PET/CT scan
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