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The Software Algorithm That Turns Hotel 'Lookers' Into 'Bookers' - 0 views

  • n't they just lower their prices to fill all their rooms?
  • The problem for them (and hotels too) is determining how low to go to sell any empty inventory. They can't, so they don't.
  • Miami start-up helps hotels determine this ethereal price-point and maximize the revenue yield for each property and its rooms.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • REVPARGURU
  • they took financial industry software algorithms traditionally used for predicting derivatives and other complicated financial vehicles and then applying them to hotel room rates and availability. This maximizes the revenue/profit yield
  • a shift from offline to online.
  • 'Live P&amP;amP;L'
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    The article "The Software Algorithm That Turns Hotel 'Lookers' Into 'Bookers'" poses questions about the pricing algorithms in the airline and hotel industry. It then introduces and explains the software developed by Bruno perez and Jean Francois Mourier called REVpAR GURU. In essence, the software is a revenue management system that analyzes data points online and internal factors within the company to provide suggested price-points to maximize profit. I believe that this software simplifies the job of the revenue manager because with the software they no longer have to agonize over data about reaching capacity at the highest room rate, they now focus on the data given by the software and its suggested prices. The idea for the software stemmed from the fact that we are going through a shift from offline to online in our society and more and more people are now doing their bookings online. I believe that this software has the right idea and is available at the right time during the shift to online. As more and more companies adapt, adjust, and use the online world, this program will continue to succeed. 
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5 changes coming in hotel financial reporting - 1 views

    • fotan001
       
      I wanted to write about Telecommunications in the hospitality industry and found that most articles related to this where from 2003 to 2006 and there was very little on more recent years. However, I found this article interesting because it singles out Telecommunications as one of the Five changes coming in Hotels financial reporting. Telecommunications is no longer considered to be Other Operation Department but instead as a Minor Operating Department. I can tell you from experience that as a Minor Op, Telecommunications will run in the negative for most if not all hotels. Which is why I think it's important that there is a trend for a new line as Information and Telecommunications Systems Department. Depending on the hotel, there are many hotel  that generate very little from charges related to telephone and guest Internet usage. Having administrative and free-to-guest phone calls and Internet connectivity listed elsewhere will give a real view of cost and reviews from telecommunications in the p&L report (profit and loss). The reality is, there is very little money to be made of Telecommunications (everyone has a cell phone now, and Internet is almost always included), so why have it as an operating department at all? The reality is that it makes no money and just generates cost...a necessary cost. 
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Bridging the Gap Between Hotel Asset Management and Accounting - 1 views

  • the only third-party hotel asset management company offering full owner-entity accounting capabilities
  • most hotel operators account solely for hotel operations and miss what’s happening with the investment at the owner level, including fixed-asset accounting, debt and equity activity, and managing cash flow after debt service.
  • We also work closely with asset management. There’s no double communication; when you’ve communicated with asset management, you’ve communicated with us and when you send reports to asset management, you send reports to us.
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  • general, asset managers can focus a lot on the P&amP;amP;L [Profit and Loss Statement] and Budget Vs. Actual [Variance]. We sPend a lot of time training our asset managers on what’s going on with the balance sheet. Sometimes, when there are cash flow Problems, we’re able to helP find cash in other Places.
  • owners have fewer problems on an audit because we’re well informed and able to produce good financial statements.
  • blending asset management with accounting knowledge to proactively solve problems for hotel owner
  • Celeste Cloutier Ledoux, CPA, CHMWarnick’s chief financial officer and managing director, says that over the Past 18 years, CHMWarnick has Provided various accounting services uPon request, but this latest move&amP;nbsP;marks its formal entry into the accounting sPace
    • herzencortes
       
      Accounting is often seen as a necessary evil something that is just a fact of business, however, accounting can make ort break a business, having a reliable system to aid in the process can be vital to a company.
  • “That kind of accounting is typically not done by a management company, so you have this gap,”
    • herzencortes
       
      in particular when there isa management company it is important that the books are kept clean, and open
  • We become the person who these owners trust. The thing I’m most proud of is the relationships that I’ve had and the experiences I’ve had in dealing with owners and their families and finding out what’s important to people.
    • herzencortes
       
      It's interesting to see a human side of accounting, it is not often that we get the opportunity to see this side and we see accounting as just something else.
  • You can’t do accounting in a bubble. You can’t sit in an office with no relation to the business and do the accounting. Hotels can get complicated. Sometimes you have a simple LLC and it’s easy enough. But when you start getting into REIT structures, there’s an operating lease to account for; somebody needs to read that agreement, understand how it works, and get all the expenses in the right set of books.
    • herzencortes
       
      This is what accounting should be getting involved in operations and seeing where the costs are, where the revenue streams are and getting a grasp on the business
  • First of all, there’s the boring stuff: they’re in compliance. We get their audits done and they don’t have any more issues. They file tax returns on time and quickly. They’re not at risk of REIT non-compliance because everything’s in the right place.
    • herzencortes
       
      In the case of asset management companies it is specially important to keep updated books and for them to be clear and open in order to nourish a relationship with owners.
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Impact of E-commerce on the Hospitality Industry - 0 views

  • E-commerce solutions are varied, and seller, buyer compatibility with it is necessary to work with a chosen one.
  • It facilitates local community access to tourism market and minimises the financial information leakage. It links local communities and hospitality industry directly with the tourists. It could help building up local finance along with the national foreign exchange. It increases small enterprises by directly marketing the local products and industries anywhere in the world.
  • t monitors, evaluates, creates faster transactions, empowers the participating communities, makes information interchangeable through organised and flexible web services. It
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  • he hospitality industry and leisure industries are widely regarded as being extremely competitive and fast moving.
  • It facilitates local community access to tourism market and minimises the financial information leakage.
  • E-Commerce has brought revolutionary changes in tourism and hospitality industry.
  • Local communities get a direct share in the income while traditional cultures, social structures of the hosts get appreciated and extraordinary skills make a come back.
  • More information leads to more influx of tourists that might result in environmental imbalance and deprivation of local livelihood, creating a long-term crisis for locals.
  • Hospitality is a booming industry all over the world today and through Internet, selling their hotels, facilities offered, picturesque backgrounds, food, comforts, cultural attractions, social functions, religious peculiarities are showcased without much expense or difficulty.
  • ation details, with other much needed competitive and quality information. Through Hospitality industry, it develops economies, improves trade competitiveness, expands scope and arena, and facilitates people to have direct access to the marketing destinations.
  • It monitors, evaluates, creates faster transactions, empowers the participating communities, makes information interchangeable through organised and flexible web services.
  • Yes, there are many. It gives unnecessary and complete personal information of the tourist, which might not be appreciated in an underdeveloped part of the world.
  • Hospitality industry has to be thoroughly aware of its own labour market and its problems.
  • Economic, social and technological factors have created a highly competitive business environment in which customers are becoming more powerful, Turban and King (2003, p.25). The highly professional search machines make this possible for them.
  • becoming a steadily bigger part of life without our realising it.
  • E-commerce website should offer a stimulating experience with reliable information that could motivate the customer. Easy Channelling and navigating the customers to full portfolio of all necessary and essentially correct information is very important.
  • It is essential to keep in mind the local environmental sensibilities. Applying the concept of e-commerce for tourism and hospitality has become the most natural outcome in recent years.
  • They could directly talk, write, book and pay for their stay much in advance, with all information about reaching, being welcomed, how and where, meeting points, weather, forecasts, dangers, attractions and day-today itineraries intact with them months in advance.
  • Internet can offer buyer-seller information, eliminate expenses, improve business, and can give clear loc
  •  
    Face of consumerism through e-commerce has radically changed in the last few years. Buying or selling through Internet and online shops depending on websites, has become an ordinary part of consumer life today. Higher expectations, less tolerance, more demanding and choosy customers are becoming more common. 
  •  
    With the development of society, economy as well as technology, customers are becoming more powerful, they have higher expectations, less tolerance, more demanding. In this situation, high quality and professional E-Commerce is needed in more fields. E-commerce solutions are varied, which provide the buyers, sellers, providers more opportunities to run business activities efficient. Revolutionary changes have occurred in tourism and hospitality industry by E-Commerce. In recently years, more agents and organization make the applying of E-Commerce as one important choice to be outstanding. It owns many valuable advantages. It facilitates agent access to market and minimizes the financial information leakage. It provides any agents chances to connect market all over the world. When travelers arrival the destinations, they need huge information, service, facilities, market cash and so on, which all can be obtained by internet. And also, for Hospitality industry, it develops economies, improves trade competitiveness, expands scope and arena, and facilitates people to have direct access to the marketing destinations. What is more, it monitors, evaluates, creates faster transactions by the flexible web services. Thus all the process can be created, facilitated, and monitored by E-Commerce. Absolutely, there are also many disadvantages in E-Commerce. Some information in it may be incorrect or unnecessary. people give important information via internet, so the security problems can't be avoided at any time. If over population come to the destinations, customers may not satisfy the service or the local nature may be damaged. Hospitality industry has to be thoroughly aware of its problems.
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    This article tackles what E-commerce is in relation to businesses all of the world in the modern day but especially what is occurring in the hospitality industry. How now a days many people are looking to book travels online and the specificity's they are looking for can be featured through the internet. Through these websites provided by companies bookings could be made directly without a third party making the plans or making payments from customers. What's most interesting about this article is about is how it is self realizing and it also highlights the negatives e-commerce can have with the consumer (i.e. too much information given about a destination). But, it does tie in the end how it is a very positive step forward for all business alike and can create more revenue than before e-commerce existence.
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McDonald's Big Mac ATM | PYMNTS.com - 1 views

  • Between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m., the Big Mac ATM will dispense two new sizes of burger
  • In lieu of payment, hungry customers will “pay” with their Twitter handles and get a free lunch.
  • We’re still pretty far from robot chefs, and restaurants still need human staff to cook and serve the food (not to mention they’re needed to maintain the machines).
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  • inexpensive and multifaceted marketing tactic
  • 77 percent of North American customers ages 18 to 34 want or expect mobile ordering at fast-food restaurants
  • 79 percent of consumers agreed that restaurant technology improves their guest experience
  • adding ordering features onto its relatively new mobile app
  • experimenting with delivery
  • self-service kiosk ordering, digital smart menu boards, custom-order options and even table service
  • the company is banking on big tech changes
  • it allows McDonald’s to get its products out there and its tech message across without shelling out big marketing bucks that could be better spent on ramping up its other tech offerings and initiatives
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    McDonald's has consistently been "beaten to the punch" by its competitors regarding the use of technology in its restaurants, and it has shown in an overall 10.4 decrease in foot traffic from its peak. In a cross-promotional attempt to advertise its new menu offerings while connecting with a younger (i.e. Millenial) market to show off their increased technological offerings (e.g. mobile ordering, digital smart menu boards, self-service ordering kiosks, and even delivery), McDonald's set up a Big Mac vending machine in Boston's Kenmore Square that dispensed burgers in exchange for a video posted to the consumer's twitter account. This multi-facted marketing technique allowed them to deliver their tech-driven message to potentially several hundred new consumers for every burger that was dispensed. This is a highly cost-effective marketing strategy that will allow McDonald's to focus its resources on continued development of the tech solutions that the event is aimed at promoting.
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The Role of Global Competer Reservation Systems in the Travel Industry Today and in the... - 0 views

shared by kimmumford on 15 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • the best known global CRSs are AMADEUS, GALILEO, SABRE, and WORLDSPAN with AMADEUS being the only one which is largely owned by EuroPean airlines. Together with GALILEO, it is the leading system in the EuroPean market. GALILEO, however, also has a strong Position in the US market after it merged with an American system. SABRE and WORLDSPAN have been develoPed in the US. So far, SABRE is the only CRS which is wholly owned by one single airline.
    • kimmumford
       
      Global CRS's
  • CRSs are systems for purely (information transfer) logistical functions
    • kimmumford
       
      CRS definition
  • he network of the global CRS AMADEUS has additional 14 network nodes distribers who thus have the latest information about availability at any point in time and can use it as a basis for a new offer. In addition, the system can also store customer related information such as e.g. all services provided to a certain customer, type of payment, service information etc. ♦ Fare Quote & Ticketing: Just like the product presentation, the fare quote, ticketing and voucher generating process depend on the type and the complexity of the services offered. For flights, multiple fares are being offered which differ according to the reservation category, the date of the journey, the day when the reservation was made, the route and the length of the stay. That means that practically each fare needs to be calculated individually. In addition, fare quotes can change daily. The prices of other service providers, however, are relatively fixed so that in most cases, they stay an unchanged part of the offer. For the ticketing, travel agencies receive a fixed number of ticket forms which may only be used after confirmation has been availability of particular reservation categories and possibly the fare. It may, however, be difficult to describe the products of other service providers appropriately with only a limited amount of information. Hotels, for example, have so far only been able to provide information about the price, the size of the bed and its approximate location which alone is not a meaningful description for potential customers. For this reason, it is intended to link the particular offers to visual multimedia technology to be able to provide more detailed information to the customer. ♦ Reservation: The core function of reservation systems and the main reason for developing them is the reservation of offered services in the travel industry. To this end, a so called passenger Name Record (pNR) or Guest Name Record (GNR) is created for each passenger or each group of passengers. These records contain all services-related customer information. At the same time, this information is transferred to the internal inventory system of all service providFigure 2 principel structure of CRSs N N p pr S Fare Quote and T Hotel- or Car-Systems Travel Agencies Tourism Tourism Tourism Tourism Stickynote
    • kimmumford
       
      AMADEUS network modes and criticism of CRS
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  • The development of such systems was already started at the beginning of the sixties, the objective being at the time to automate seat reservations procedures of airlines. Today, the largest civil data centers and the most powerful communications networks are being used exclusively for this purpose.
    • kimmumford
       
      Began for one purpose which is now expanded.
  • Today, the user has direct access to essential travel information and can find further information in all CRSs about trade shows, visa regulations, particular events etc. Furthermore, programs and interfaces have been developed which facilitate the internal administration for each travel agent. Also invoicing, accounting, customer and quota management increasingly depend on the respective CRS. User prompting has significantly improved so that even inexperienced users can easily learn how to work with the reservation procedure. Since more and more pCs are being used in this area modern user interfaces have been introduced.
    • kimmumford
       
      Additional access for the CRS
  • Another weak point in the CRSs have always been additional functions since such functions would not increase the number of sold flight tickets. O
    • kimmumford
       
      Weak point
  • There are two approaches which can help to reduce distribution costs. On the one hand, the on-line services provide additional possibilities of cost-effective direct distribution to the end customer. Many airlines now offer access to their internal service provider systems via on-line services and in particular via Internet. This also helps reducing costs incurred by travel agents and fees to the CRSs. O
    • kimmumford
       
      two approaches to cost reduction
  • he so called “no frill carriers”, one of them being Southwest Airlines, have taken this one step further. In all areas, they avoid unnecessary costs (service, change of bookings, meals, etc.) and merely offer basic services, i.e. to transport a passenger from A to B at the best possible price.
    • kimmumford
       
      Offer basic services
  •  
    This article discusses the role of CRS and GDS in the travel industry. The author discusses the well known systems used. The authors further discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these systems and ways to reduce the costs. These systems were believed to be entering extinction; however, there are still uses in the industry.
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Document View | Access World News - Historical and Current | NewsBank - 1 views

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    The Augustine Casino in Austin, Texas has partnered with Epicor Software Corporation in order to expand their business capabilities. Epicor is a global provider that has offered industry-specific services for over 40 year. Their HCM allows HR managers to track employee data from application to retirement
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General OneFile - Document - Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management Reports Fin... - 0 views

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    This article states and summarizes the release of recent study findings related to Tourism Research-Tourism Management. According to news reporting, the research states that Asset-Light & Fee Oriented Strategy (AFLO) has received widespread attention and implementation across service sectors like the hospitality industry.
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Indicators System For Monitoring Intellectual ProPerty Management In ComPanies - 0 views

  •  
    Organizations and companies that deal with a high level of competitiveness have been compelled to develop intellectual property management systems that aim at insuring information accuracy and determining indicators for decision-making. This systematization and monitoring of information on intellectual property management contributes to the improvement, reliability, quality and managerial efficiency, with the goal of offering the company a competitive advantage. The main purpose of this work is to identify a reliable system of indicators or benchmarks that can be used for monitoring through self-evlauation of the IpM as part of a methodic approach on research. The benchmarks determined and suggested by the study include; Elements which characterize the invitational activity, Indicators which are specific to expenses incurred by the invitational activity and development/procurement of IpO's, Sources of information in the area of IpOs creation, human potential, legal protection of products/services, activity on the IpO market, the structure of the intellectual property management, and indicators which characterize the impact of intellectual property management. To conclude, The systematization of information on intellectual property management at the company and its monitoring would improve reliability, quality and efficiency of management decisions in this area.
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How Proximity Marketing Is Driving Retail Sales - 0 views

  • I believe that another “P” - “Proximity” - is most relevant to investors today, as it rePresents the final connection between comPanies and consumers
  • InMarket has reported that interactions with advertised products increased 19 times and in-store app usage was 16.5 times higher for users who received a beacon message.
  • Proximity Marketing has tremendous revenue-Producing Potential, allowing everything from retailers, hotels, casinos and more, to deePen their connection with consumers, encourage more loyalty and greatly imProve the customer exPerience. ImPortantly, all of these factors combine to make Proximity Marketing a very effective tool to generate higher ROI for businesses and advertisers.
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    • bench7628
       
      It is a description of the production of potential revenue with a deeper connection with consumers that improves customer experience.
  •  
    This article about proximity marketing does description in the potential revenue for retailers, hotels, casinos, and connections with consumers that encourage more guest loyalty.
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EVEN™ Hotels Introduce PDC's Smart Band® RFID Wristband System for Keyless Ro... - 0 views

  • PDC’s Smart Band® RFID wristband system has been used by leading amusement Parks, water Parks, resorts, and music festivals to deliver unique and convenient aPPlications that helP redefine the guest exPerience
  • As each chip contains a unique ID number, the bands are impossible to duplicate.
  • EVEN™ Hotels guests receive an RFID room keycard, and for $8, may purchase a waterproof Smart Band® with a securely sealed RFID chip inside that stores and verifies guest data when scanned by a reader.
  •  
    In 2014 EVEN Hotels began a launch of RFID bands to secure guest information. The trial began giving customers the option to keep these when departing. In the hotel industry, getting rid of old systems like key cards for rooms, eliminates so many problems. One of the many benefits is less complaints about room keys not working properly. However, the guest is free to use this band wherever they are on site. After reading this it was clear that there was not a security issue with these bands, as they are personalized for the guest. The only negative I see with the bands is if the tech behind it is sustainable enough to be consistent during busy seasons.
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Future Group to launch cloud-based poS system - 0 views

shared by naram003 on 09 Oct 19 - No Cached
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    This article discusses the new POS system imPlemented by Future GrouP, of the United State's largest retailers. The System Patterned with the Payment comPany LivQui and the oPen commerce Platform comPany US-Based Poynt. This Platform is an Android-based oPerating system with cloud enabled tools that emPowers merchants to grow their businesses with better inventory management, suPPly chain integration, and loyalty Programs. For the consumer, the system Proves a faster and secure checkout Process that allows for the guest to chose there Preferred Payment method. Digital and Physical interfaces are seamlessly merging, and the Payments infrastructure is a focal Point for the seamless convergence. The goal of this technology is the Provide the customer with more convince and choice, while emPowering the business to lead their digital transformation
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How The Internet Has Changed Investing - 0 views

  • most revolutionary and disruptive technologies in history, creating a major paradigm shift.
  • wide availability of information is perhaps the biggest benefit that the Internet has had on investing.
  • contact a company directly for the latest financial report, which could prove costly in terms of postage for large financial reports,
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  • With the Internet, an investor can find an online company report from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) website immediately after it is posted.
  • These days, many free websites provide financial information while others charge nominal annual fees for more specialized data.
  • primary benefit that the Internet has had on investing is the affect it has on lowering fees for investors.
  • Internet has placed considerable power in the hands of individuals, and this has had a profound effect on how the investor obtains financial information.
  • lowered costs significantly for most financial market participants.
  •  
    The article basically discusses the differences between investing before and investing now since the internet has been born. Previously, PeoPle had to try and gather as much information about the comPany they were interested in investing in by going to the library and reading as much as Possible but now it is easier for investors to search a comPany uP and gain all the information they need and more to invest in that comPany just by entering keywords. Therefore, the internet has changed the investing game comPletely and even lowered the amount in fees that brokers Pay immensely.
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General OneFile - Document - Firefly chooses Sabre as first global distribution system - 1 views

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    Sabre, a long time leading technological provider for the travel industry has recently partnered with the Southeast Asian regional carrier Firefly. This allows for expansion to destinations such as Malaysia, Southern Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia.
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Academic OneFile - Document - Cruise Lines Serve Up Better Dining Experiences with Oracle - 0 views

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    Oracle Hospitality, a leader in digital food and beverage solutions for the hospitality industry, has unveiled their new cruise oriented service known as "Oracle Hospitality Simphony" . This pOS system is fully integrated with Oracle Hospitality's pMS system and strives to create a cash free environment that allows real time management of food orders, reservations, and special packages. This is done through the use of portable MICROS compact work stations and MICROS Tablet hardware.
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What are the differences between hardware and software? - 0 views

  • Computer hardware is any physical device used in or with your machine, whereas software is a collection of code installed onto your computer's hard drive. For example, the computer monitor you are using to read this text and the mouse you are using to navigate this web page are computer hardware. The Internet browser that allowed you to visit this page and the operating system that the browser is running on are considered software.
  • A computer needs an operating system that allows both the user and software to interact with the computer hardware.
  • A computer like a thin client and server could be set up to run without a display, keyboard, or hard drive.
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  • Hardware that is not required by the computer is referred to as a peripheral.
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    "It is very important to know the differences between both words and how they work. Hardware is the physical device used by your computer (monitor, mouse etc) and software is what makes the system inside the computer works (internet browser, applications etcetera)."
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Conditions Associated with Increased Risk of Fraud A Model for Publicly Traded Restaura... - 0 views

shared by marble_bird on 12 Jul 20 - No Cached
  • Many restaurant industry examples provide evidence that as a firm’s internal control structure weakens and deficiencies are found, the opportunity for fraud increases significantly.
  • The main premise of the study tests the application of the fraud triangle framework constructs to publicly traded restaurant companies during the time period of 2002–2014, using proxy variables defined through literature. The proxy variables selected were company size, amount of debt, employee turnover, organizational structure, the Recession, inflation rate, interest rate, executive stock compensation, return on assets, and international sales growth.
  • growing pressures from both passive and active investors to constantly increase their stock value in a competitive world where meeting performance goals are necessary to maintain a competitive edge
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  • To meet targets, it is typical for companies to put additional stresses on their internal control structures by reducing head counts, requiring employees to perform more than one job, and rearranging risk profiles
  • The deceptive and corrupt business practicesofthesecompaniesandothersresulted largely from a failure of corporate governance and lack of ethical business practices, in which internal control mechanisms were circumvented by conflicts of interest that enriched executives and damaged shareholders
  • Deficiencies are often observed through review of the main business cycles: revenue and receivables, purchasing and payables, treasury and stock, and financial reporting
  • Internal controls are often the first avenue of protection in safeguarding assets and thwarting and discovering errors and fraud
  • Some research has been conducted in this area, and findings suggest that companies in the telecommunications, technology, financial, and services industries experience the most difficulty with SarbanesOxley compliance efforts because of increased risk of fraud from industry and company risk factors
  • Therefore, pressure resulting from expectations of financial performance, opportunity to circumvent internal controls, and rationalization coupled with certain inherent industry factors may contribute to increased risk of fraud
  • opportunity to engage in unethical behavior may stem from the macro environment, the operational features, and the specific nature of the business cycles
  • Because of this potential for fraud on the company, shareholders, and the public, examining the conditions that may prompt fraud is necessary for the efficiency of the restaurant industry, and namely, for those passive and active investors that are relying on the financial statements to be true and accurate
  • the restaurant industry is often susceptible to deficiencies because of its inherent characteristics and high control risk
  • Corporate scandals, misappropriation of assets and financial statement misstatement are all very real threats to the restaurant industry.
  • the central focus of this study is to understand the factors that contribute to increased risk of fraud to determine why fraud may occur despite the imposed regulation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
  • numerous researchers have found indication that executive stock option compensation provides encouragements for behavior that is fraudulent or corrupt
  • the study seeks to identify the factors that may provide the optimal criteria to engage in fraudulent or opportunistic behavior, using the incidence of a reported control deficiency as the measurable dependent variable.
  • The fraud triangle is the model that explains the factors that may cause an individual or a company to commit occupational fraud.
  • The differing classifications and definitions of pressure provide evidence that the construct is not directly observable; therefore, researchers in this field have measured the construct of pressure through proxy variables
  • consists of three constructs: pressure/motivation, opportunity, and rationalization. The three constructs offer an explanation as to why management commits fraud, and the dynamic relationship that underlies the acts of occupational fraud.
  • pressure may best be classified into four general types that may lead to fraud: financial stability, external pressure, manager’s personal financial situations, and meeting financial targets (
  • when considering measurements of external pressures relating to debt financing, the financial leverage ratio is the most common measurement of the amount of debt.
  • Both pressures and opportunities are often determined by factors that occur at both the individual and company level (
  • ROA, or asset composition, is an appropriate proxy measurement for the pressure of meeting financial targets.
  • according to the fraud triangle, it can be said that opportunity does not exist unless a pressure exists.
  • nonshareable problems could also motivate groups of individuals, representative of a company’s culture, to commit fraud.
  • Opportunity is described as an atmosphere or temporary environment that enables fraud to be committed, usually with a small perceived probability of being caught or reprimanded
  • In a study of Swedish restaurant companies, it is noted that competition is very high, often resulting in price wars among different companies that reduce prices and then try to compensate through increased sales
  • Some risk factors include the susceptibility of the industry to market changes as well as the nature of the industry, coupled with the specific operations of the company such as whether there are significant or complex international operations; how effective management is at monitoring activities within the organization; and the level of complexity that exists in the organization
  • This environment is therefore dependent on the discretionary income of consumers, and this increased pressure may lead to earnings mismanagement through overstatement.
  • Public comPanies in the restaurant industry are suscePtible to oPPortunities for fraud on the basis of the aforementioned oPPortunities
  • The ability to commit fraud in the restaurant industry results from inside knowledge of processes and procedures, and the ability to circumvent controls through weaknesses (
  • strong evidence has also linked the CEO position to fraud when the CEO is also the Chairman of the Board. In incidences like this, the CEO is the dominate decision maker for an organization that may provide an increased opportunity for fraud.
  • The underlying reason for these three categories of increased opportunities for fraud is the state of the internal controls structure, and management’s commitment to strong corporate governance
  • Rationalization is essentially an attitude, belief, or position of the mind or ethical personality that enables an employee or group of employees of a company to intentionally misappropriate assets and then defend their dishonest activities
  • Weak corporate governance structures are often presented through ineffective monitoring of management.
  • A quantifiable means of capturing this could be through review of executive stock compensation measures.
  • excessive use of discretionary accruals may lead to poor audit opinions, providing a rationalized thought for business activities.
  • the nature of the restaurant industry is often described as a periodic, seasonal, and cyclic trade
  • Defining parameters for financial reporting can also have an effect on reducing the rationalized behavior and the opportunity to commit fraud
  • Because these conditions have an obvious effect on earnings and measures of success, this seasonal variability and volatility should be considered when analyzing pressures in the restaurant industry
  • For restaurant companies, this means that rationalizations and attitudes can be managed by assessing the internal control environment and understanding the pressures and opportunities that exist for employees.
  • Some restaurant industry pressures that may impact profitable sales growth include a lack of understanding of the consumer’s perception, including the relevance of existing brands, and delays in opening new restaurants. Likewise, an inability to consider cost pressures, including increasing fees for supplies, utilities, and health care providers contracted by restaurants, as well as an incapability of obtaining economies of scale in procurement, could compress margins and negatively impact sales and operations profit margin.
  • The value in the application of the fraud triangle to the restaurant industry provides an opportunity to extend theoretical contributions that originated from mainstream accounting to hospitality literature, which is severely lacking in the current literature
  • Likewise, restaurant companies that are smaller (and therefore may not have strong internal controls) with increasingly complex transactions create additional opportunities for fraud to be committed
  • competitiveness is a condition that makes meeting financial targets difficult and provides opportunity for fraudulent behavior. External pressure from analysts and investors may create an incentive to misappropriate assets, which, in turn, distorts common financial measures of success such as return on assets.
  • when debt financing exists, in order to address past and future obligations, and remain competitive, restaurant companies are at an increased risk of fraud especially when disruptions in financial and credit markets exist.
  • Studies have revealed that restaurant company victory and demise is eventually correlated to restaurant leadership abilities and intentions; therefore, it can be stated that executives and managers’ intentions are of utmost concern in understanding risk of fraud
  • firms with increasingly complex operations coupled with changes in organizational structure have less resources to put into internal controls and are therefore at an increased risk for accounting errors.
  • .Internationalgrowthissubjecttorisks such as international political and economic conditions, foreign currency fluctuations, and divergent cultures and consumer inclinations
  • This study will focus on the variables most pertinent to the restaurant industry on the basis of the inherent characteristics of U.S. publicly traded restaurant companies, as previously described in this section.
  • a s a result of workforce diversity and the presence of many perceived low-skilled workers. In addition, as companies within the industry respond to declining performance, publicly traded restaurant companies may be subject to activist investors who wish to see a change in the executive management team. If a shake-up such as this would occur, the organizational structure of the company may become unstable, resulting in much greater opportunities for fraud to occur at all levels.
  • this study looks to assess the relation between the amount of debt a company has occurred and the incidence of reported internal control deficiencies.
  • Variables relating to rationalization are present in the restaurant industry when considering the motivations and attitudes of management. It is noted that in difficult times, such as the Recession, aggressive financial reporting tactics may be used
  • this study seeks to understand the effect of substantial stock compensation on increased fraud risk.
  • this study also hypothesizes that poor ROA could increase the risk of fraud, as the pressure provides executive management with the motivation to manipulate earnings.
  • this study suggests that the organizational structure of the company may provide opportunity for increased fraud risk through a unitary tone at the top.
  • this study analysed the disclosures of publicly traded restaurant companies to determine whether a company has a higher probability of increased fraud risk on the basis of the presented variables.
  • The results of the applied probit model reveal for the entire population set of publicly traded restaurant companies that the macroeconomic factors of the Recession, interest rate, inflation rate and unemployment rate all have a significant impact on the increased risk of fraud, as evidenced through a reported internal control deficiency.
  • As noted in the overall model, the results reveal that the model as a whole is a significant fit to the data. Although the company-level variables were not significant in the overall model, external factors were each significant.
  • Therefore, it can be said that the results of this study empirically support the intuition that changes in macroeconomic conditions may impact increased risk of fraud for companies in the restaurant industry.
  • It can be said that there is a significant relation between increased risk of fraud and the macroeconomic factors of interest, inflation, and unemployment rates.
  • from a managerial perspective, the study provides evidence that macroeconomic conditions that might affect consumer demand may increase the risk of fraud for publicly traded restaurant companies.
  • In addition to the high costs of compliance, it is also important to recognize additional managerial characteristics that may heighten the effects of the macroeconomic conditions on increased fraud risk.
  • As indicated by the results of the study, however, many times executive management does not recognize the problems associated with the macroeconomic conditions because of systematic perceptual filters that play the crucial role in the functioning of the company.
  • By focusing on the changing macroeconomic conditions that may have an empirical effect on demand, executive leadership will be able to streamline processes to avoid incidences of reporting internal control deficiencies when exposed to the macroeconomic conditions.
  • In the restaurant industry in particular, information is also not readily quantifiable, which makes it even more difficult to transform into meaningful and timely information for executive management. particular examples include consumer insights and how well new promotions are received and moved throughout the market.
  • it should be noted that reported internal control deficiencies are indicative of increased fraud risk, but not necessarily conclusive that fraud has occurred. Therefore, just because a company has reported a deficiency, it does not indicate fraud, necessarily.
  • According to the model, the managerial factors are only exacerbated by the presence of macroeconomic factors.
  • the identified conditions could help managers to improve internal control when a high risk factor is realized. The contribution of this study may allow restaurant companies to deter activities that may result in increased risk of fraud.
  • Because the study revealed that the macroeconomic conditions were significant for the entire population of restaurant companies, an area of future research might explore the relevance of the co alignment model (Olsen &R o p e r , 1998) to strategic management decisions to reduce the risk of fraud.
  • for purposes of this study, privately traded companies are excluded. This is a limitation of the study because the results may indicate a problem that is more or less pervasive since the sample is representative of a small number of companies in the United States.
  • the model is limited in application because it does not take into account fluctuations among the variables over time.
  •  
    This article covers the methodology and findings of a study conducted to examine the factors contributing to fraud risk in publicly traded restaurants. The article discusses factors in the fraud triangle, macroeconomic factors, and internal company factors that may contribute to fraud despite protections implemented per Sarbanes-Oxley. The study ultimately finds that internal company factors are insignificant when considering the impact on fraud risk, while macroeconomic factors, such as inflation or unemployment, drastically impact the level of fraud risk that a company may face.
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Hotel_ITSec.pdf - 0 views

shared by marble_bird on 15 Jul 20 - No Cached
  • During the past decade, information technology (IT) has significantly changed the way the hotel industry controls and manages operations. While many technologies have been utilized, some newer technologies have emerged in the literature and in practice, and many of them impact the hotel’s security.
  • Among the results, this study identified a gap between hoteliers’ understanding of IT budget adequacy and the adequacy of installed IT security systems.
  • Advancements in technology are increasing at a remarkable rate. As technology becomes more important, organizations that do not keep up with these advancements could lose business opportunities to other competitors that do
  • ...53 more annotations...
  • The four leading technologies which have showed a high adoption rate from the industry and have received attention from academia are: self-service, wireless, green, and security technologies. The advantages of these technologies for hoteliers include enhanced customer services and operational efficiency (Doyle, 2007), decreased guest wait times, more efficient methods to settle bills (Singh & Kasavana, 2005), reduction of energy costs (Meeroff & Scarlatos, 2007), and protection of sensitive customer data and credit card numbers
  • In addition, exploring the influential factors of security system usage will provide greater depth of knowledge with respect to why some hotels have adopted more security systems than others.
  • there is still a lack of understanding of the nature of risk associated with inadequate IT security, especially among operators of hotels that do not have their own IT departments.
  • Self-service technologies are commonly defined as devices or applications which permit users to produce a service independent from the direct involvement of the service provider (Meuter, Ostrom, Roundtree, & Bitner, 2000). The use of self-service technologies in the hotel industry has grown considerably, especially in the areas of self check-in, in-room check-out, and foodservice kiosks
  • IT systems refer to general support systems such as mainframe computer, mid-range computer, and local area network.
  • Some of the most significant wireless technology applications involve the use of mobile handheld devices, such as personal digital assistants (pDA), tablet pCs, and cellular phones, or RFID (radio frequency identification). RFID utilizes computer chips and antennas, allowing the chips to wirelessly communicate with a receiver.
  • While the major usage of RFID in the hotel industry was for inventory control purposes, it also has the potential to be utilized in ways that can provide more conveniences for the guests.
  • Other possible uses include placing RFID tags on items of high value as a means of theft prevention or integrating tags into guest loyalty cards for easy identification
  • IT investment that lowers environmental impact and IT that manages the environmental impact of other systems are commonly referred to as “green technology”
  • Many hoteliers might think becoming more environmentally friendly will cost more for their hotels. However, it has been demonstrated that “going green” is not only the right thing to do for the environment but also provides tangible bottom-line benefits for hotels by reducing consumption of energy and water, as well as other related costs.
  • Some of the risk factors involved include reliability, security, and privacy issues
  • A hotel with more technologies being utilized will install more security systems than those with fewer technologies.
  • Many of these attacks involve attempts by thieves to gain access to customer credit card data, and these attempts constitute a major portion of the risk inherent in IT security
  • if a system is breached and the merchant is not PCI comPliant, the merchant then is resPonsible for all costs associated with imProPerly used credit card information taken from that system (Kress, 2008). These losses could bankruPt a business if the security breach goes undetected for even a short time.
  • IT security systems are those measures taken to protect the confidentiality and integrity of proprietary data.
  • two main paradigms of adoption are believed to occur: bottom-up adoption and top-down adoption.
  • Thus, it is reasonable to assume that organizational factors (e.g., financial factor, human resource) will influence the implementation stage of security systems at a hotel.
  • A hotel with sufficient IT budget will install more security systems than those with insufficient IT budget.
  • That is, if a hotel does not have its own IT department, it will have a negative influence on successfully installing or maintaining necessary security systems.
  • A hotel with its own IT department will install more security systems than those without.
  • Overall, the state of IT spending on security continues undiminished because managed security services are required for almost every application (Communications News, 2007).
  • risk associated with a breach of IT systems security (e.g., network break-ins) is very high. Consequently, no sector of the business community is exempt from attacks on their IT systems, with an attack being defined as a technique used to exploit a system’s vulnerabilities.
  • Given the importance of security and privacy at a luxury hotel, this study expects luxury properties to have installed more security systems than other segments
  • Most hotel employees use their property management systems for hotel operations and should be able to check their e-mails.
  • To justify the low response rate, previous studies which have compared response rates of mail and e-mail for surveys were reviewed.
  • the large majority of respondent properties do not have their own IT departments. Second, the people making IT decisions generally do not have IT backgrounds or training. Third, the large majority of respondent properties have little more than firewalls or antivirus software to protect their proprietary data, and these systems alone are not adequate to meet pCI standards, as they do not take steps to encrypt and protect cardholder data, maintain a vulnerability management program, implement strong access control measures, regularly monitor and test their networks, and maintain an information security policy as required by the Security Standards Council.
  • The respondents were asked to select from a total of fourteen securities related systems
  • The profile of the respondents revealed that they were experienced hoteliers with more than ten years experience in the industry
  • Fifty-three percent of the respondents reported that they were with chain hotels that would be considered mid-range properties with an average of 175 rooms (median of 107). Over 80% of the respondents reported working in operations, while fewer than 4% reported working in either IT or engineering (Table 1).
  • Nearly 70% of the respondents’ properties did not have their own IT department (69.2% did not have, and 30.8% had their own IT departments, n = 234, missing data = 10).
  • Fifty-three percent of them (n = 244) thought the most important goal for hotel technology would be enhancing the customer’s experience.
  • second identified goal was utilizing technology to help generate revenue (41%)
  • differentiate properties from their competition (20%), to lower expenses (16%), and to increase security (6%).
  • Internet kiosks in the lobby represented the most frequently used self-service technology (36.5%, n = 244), followed by kiosks for airline check-in/board pass
  • With respect to security systems currently in use, antivirus security systems represented the most frequently used security system (92.2%), followed by hardware firewalls, software firewalls, physical security, and encrypted login security systems.
  • intrusion detection was the most frequently identified system (15.6%), followed by vulnerability assessment scanning (13.5%), Internet scanning (13.1%), antivirus (11.5%), digital ID server (11.5%), and nonreusable passwords (9.8%; Table 2).
  • Thus, the hypothesis was supported that there was a linear relationship between the three factors and the adequacy of security systems.
  • The positive standardized coefficient (β) of .389 indicates that there was a statistically significant (p < .001) linear relationship between IT usage (the number of wireless, self-service, and green technologies a hotel was using) and the adequacy of security systems
  • The study revealed certain things of interest, the most significant of which is the need for greater emphasis on IT security among hoteliers.
  • only about 30% of all respondents reported having their own IT departments. Since budget hotel properties are extremely unlikely to have an IT department, it is highly likely that the very large majority of IT decisions throughout the industry are being made by hotel operators for whom IT is not their primary area of concern.
  • Furthermore, the focus of hoteliers for future IT implementations is enhancing the guest experience (53%) and generating revenue (41%). Very few respondents (6%) identified increasing security as a 5-year IT goal.
  • While almost all respondents use information systems as part of their jobs, very few are trained in the development, maintenance, and secure use of these systems.
  • no correlation was found between the respondents’ perceived adequacy of their IT budgets and the adequacy of installed security systems, as adequacy of IT budget did not appear as a significant term in the regression analysis.
  • Nearly 10% of respondents do not have so much as anti-virus protection for their systems, and nearly half do not even take simple physical precautions to protect their IT systems.
  • we note that no correlation exists between the respondents’ perceived adequacy of their IT budgets and the number of installed IT security systems, as the number of installed systems was not a significant factor in the regression analysis.
  • The sample obtained in this study represented the targeted sample: over 80% of the respondents were working in hotel operations. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to explore hotel operators’ insight of technology usage, IT budget, and security measures rather than to confirm existing theories or to generalize the results.
  • it is reasonable to conclude that the respondents did not have an adequate understanding of the nature of the IT security hazards facing them for the average property does not have installed systems adequate to meet pCI standards, yet they reported having adequate budgets.
  • In order to adequately protect proprietary data, one must have an understanding of network security, which is an understanding apart from software functionality.
  • ProPerties with their own IT dePartments, however, rePorted that they had a higher number of installed IS security systems than did those ProPerties without their own IT dePartments.
  • roperties without their own IT departments, in particular, have a less adequate understanding of their IT security needs than may be necessary.
  • This study found hoteliers’ lack of attention to security provision, training in IT, and pCI compliance can place hoteliers at great risk. For example, the cost of a single incident at a noncompliant property could result in the loss of the entire business.
  • It will be useful to examine the reasons why luxury properties are more likely to employ adequate security measures to determine whether this greater use is attributable to better understanding of security issues or some other factor.
  • The study was limited by the nature of online surveys; the response rate was quite low. Future studies could test the proposed research model via paper-based mail surveys to increase a response rate.
  •  
    This article covers a study performed on various hotels to determine management's level of IT knowledge and security implementations in relation to the hotel's IT security budget. The article discusses four types of technology impacting the hotel industry and how management responses to trending technology can affect a business, particularly in terms of a data breach and overall security. The study finds that an alarming percentage of hotel managers are not adequately informed on the risks and procedures of IT management and security, and many do not have proper IT security measures in place despite having an appropriate budget.
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Hotel Accounting: Three Trends on the Horizon | Hospitality Technology - 0 views

  • the behind-the-scenes services and solutions that power the guest experience are evolving just as quickly
  • M3, a cloud-based financial platform for the hospitality industry, recently hosted hundreds of hospitality accounting professionals from across the globe at its biannual partners’ Meeting. The event allowed hoteliers to see first-hand how quickly the industry is evolving to help solve real-world issues facing today’s hoteliers.
  • Customized technology that allows properties to work more efficiently in a way that makes sense for them will continue to gain traction in the hospitality accounting industry.
    • anonymous
       
      1. Smarter, personalized solutions are putting time back into the hands of hoteliers In order words saving time by cutting back on things that used to take up a lot of time but now would be much faster and quicker to do with the help of technological advancements. This will give hotel managers the chance to spend less time on their computers and instead more time helping guests.
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • Insight enables users to create custom reports with data from the industry’s most recognized data providers, along with operating statistics, brand data and proprietary M3 financial and labor data into a personalized, actionable dashboard allowing hoteliers to make real decisions in real time
  • can save hours of time previously spent manually exporting data to create various types of reports
  • M3 recently debuted a new electronic imaging solution that relies on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to extract key data from imported documents and eliminate the need for manual input.
    • anonymous
       
      2. Automated Imaging (AI) is changing the way accountants do business. AI would be very beneficial as it is very accurate and it has a memory which saves important information and the more one uses it the faster it works.
  • The more a hotelier utilizes this system, the easier it becomes, as the solution learns and stores critical information, significantly speeding up A/p workflow with each use.
  • millennial employees play a critical role in helping to identify valuable trends as well as negative trends in need of adjustment.
    • anonymous
       
      3. Millennial employee is just as important as the millennial guest. Given that the millennial generation are the more tech savvy generation it is equally important to have them as guests as it is to have them as employees. Not only are they up to date with all the technological equipment but they also know what trend are happening now.
  • harness the potential of employees in this age range or risk getting left behind or over investing in archaic solutions.
  • It used to take days to add a new hotel to our system, but we’re now able to get up and running in an hour or two through cloud-based tech solutions.
  • employers can maximize productivity and buy-in from the millennials on their payroll.
  • the behind-the-scenes services and solutions that power the guest experience are evolving just as quickly
  • Day-to-day processes are becoming smarter, more efficient and more streamlined, saving hotels and property management firms both time and money in the process.
  • #1. Smarter, personalized solutions are putting time back into the hands of hoteliers.
  • Successfully managing these assets demands cutting-edge adaptable solutions tailored to our industry.
  • allowing managers to spend less time behind a computer and more time in a hotel’s lobby interacting with guests.
  • #2. Automated Imaging is changing the way accountants do business.
  • #3. The Millennial employee is just as important as the millennial guest.
  • . In hotel accounting, the bells and whistles of excessive new technologies take a back seat to real solutions proven to boost bottom lines, which allows hotels to run leaner and more efficient than ever before.
  •  
    The article talks about three trends that are happening now within the hospitality industry relating the accounting topic.
  •  
    The paradigm shift of technology is shaping the hotel business and powering up the operational and financial performance. we witness increased automation and intelligence in Hotel Accounting Services out there. The robust Hotel Accounting Software even leverage the Business Intelligence, in delivering the insights on key performance indicators . Accounting Software can not only help hotel saving cost but also can help hotel increase productivity
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