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Danielle Forem

Real-Life Teaching in a Virtual World -- Campus Technology - 0 views

  • A 3D virtual environment is believed to increase participation and improve retention.
  • Second Life is free to join, so both teachers and students pay nothing to get started. Virtual land--the meeting space--has a fee, but Linden Lab gives a discount to educational institution.s (See secondlife.com/land/privatepricing.php).
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    Second Life is a website that provides companies to use a virtual world to benefit their companies. It hasn't worked that great in small stores and traveling ideas such a cruise lines but education is one idea that has used the virtual world to a great advantage. "The Second Life Educators (SLED) community has an e-mail list that included more than 4,700 working in or interested in education in Second Life." Many universities have made exact replicas of their campus so that students couldn't feel as if they really traveled to get to class. I feel this is the best perk for students because they won't have to spend money on gas when they could just wake up and communicate through a microphone to their instructors. One thing that is surprising is, Second Life is free to join for students and teachers. Its important to keep up with the fast growing technology and this is the perfect way.
Karin Goodine

Hotel chains becoming more environmentally conscious - The New York Times - 0 views

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    Hotels going green! Why not care about the environment? This article discusses the benefits as well as the common sense to go green in our industry hotels. Not only does going green help to save hotels money, it also helps to make a more environmentally sound universe.
Zhe Chen

HFTP Begins Development of a Global Hospitality Accounting System Users Guide - 0 views

  • To create a global resource for the hospitality finance industry, Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals (HFTP(R)) has begun development on a global hospitality accounting system users guide.
  • The global guide will provide the industry with a comprehensive glossary of inventory terminology, charts of accounts and will benchmark common allocation for specific regions of the world.
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    HFTP, stands for Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals, the global association wants to create hospitality financial and technology supports to stakeholders and help to compile accounts, compare regional differences and define the value of daily operations. Also HFTP is working with lots of organization includes associations universities and volunteers to collect information to participate and assist the sponsor.
Tracy Kohn

Real-world Training to Hospitality Students - 0 views

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    M3 Accounting Services, the national leader in hotel accounting software, is providing hands-on training to several universities across the United States, thanks in part to a partnership with the University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee. This software is designed to simulate a 100-room hotel and offer differet scenarios to provide training exercises for hospitality students. I think this is a great idea since application of exercises is what really drives the information home.
delaneyverger

E-Commerce: Convenience Built on a Mountain of Cardboard - The New York Times - 0 views

  • The environmental cost can include the additional cardboard — 35.4 million tons of containerboard were produced in 2014 in the United States, with e-commerce companies among the fastest-growing users — and the emissions from increasingly personalized freight services.
  • Dr. Sperling said that consumers shared as much responsibility for the environmental cost of the deliveries as the companies that provided the speedy services.
  • One recent study explored the environmental effect of Internet shopping in Newark, Del., and found that a rise in e-commerce in recent years by local residents corresponded to more trucks on the road and an increase in greenhouse emissions.
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  • Ardeshi Faghri, a professor of civil engineering at the University of Delaware, said the increase of various emissions — which he estimated at 20 percent from 2001 to 2011 — “could be due to a multitude of reasons, but we think that online shopping and more delivery trucks are really one of the primary reasons.
  • Other scholars say that, at least for now, online shopping appears to be complementing brick-and-mortar shopping, not replacing it.
  • “People who shop online also like to see and feel things,” said Cara Wang, an associate professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute who studies transportation issues and has written a paper about habits of online shoppers. “And they have to return things.”
  • Amazon is aware of the cardboard issue. Since 2009, it has received 33 million comments, ratings and photographs about its packaging as part of its “packaging feedback program.” Amazon said it used that feedback to make sure that cardboard box size was consistent with the size of the product. It also works with manufacturers to send some products without additional cardboard packaging, said Craig Berman, a company spokesman.
  • Don Fullerton, a professor of finance and an expert in economics and the environment at the University of Illinois, said one possible solution would be to make the retailers responsible for taking back the boxes. That would create incentives for them to come up with solutions for less packaging.
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    This article talks about one of the negative impacts of the current state of e-commerce: the detrimental impact on the environment. The article discusses how consumers have a need for their goods to be delivered quickly and conveniently. E-commerce ventures such as Amazon, Google Express, and Postmates provide customers with goods and services at the click of a button that can be delivered in as little as 10 minutes. However, these businesses have a heavy environmental cost, with an increasing use of cardboard being used in shipments and an increase in personalized freight services, which can lead to more greenhouse gas emissions. While some argue that these e-commerce services might lead to less consumers going out and shopping in physical stores, research shows that this is not the case, with consumers still going out and shopping even if they also shop online through these e-commerce businesses. Although much of the cardboard that is being used in these services is recyclable, recycling comes with its own downsides, as the process of taking things to the recycling centers uses a lot of water and energy. Overall, the new wave of e-commerce has spurred questions about its environmental impact.
Emily Bova

Personal panic alarms part of contract for hotel staff in NYC - 0 views

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    Changes are coming for New York City hotel workers. A proposal between the Hotel Association of New York and the New York Hotel Trades Council would equip hotel staffers with personal panic alarms. Employees like house keepers are calling for the extra safety measures for fear of being assaulted in a guest room. Concern is also circulating outside New York in places like Sacramento, California. The personal security devices were tested on students at California State University at San Marcos last year. I believe hotels will begin to implement more measures like this in large cities like New York. Similar to airports and large department stores, safety is a major concern. I believe the personal panic button is a great idea for any hospitality space that accommodates a large number of people.
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    I imagine this would help increase employee satisfaction etc. There is a real need for this and I could see major benefits from such technologies.
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    I think this is really important to increase not only customers comfort but the people who work inside the system and provide this comfort. Feeling that you are important and everything is under conrol can make the life of hotel's staff.
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    This article is about a personal panic button that hotel workers in New York City could soon be wearing or have on them during work, which in case of an emergency can call for help with just a push of the button. This new technology is coming about after many housekeepers were asking for better security, since many are worried about assaults from cleaning rooms by themselves, which the article says "is one of the dirty secrets of workplace violence in the hospitality industry." . Other Hotel workers from cities around the United States are also interested in this new device. The device is also being tested at a University for its students.
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    I think this new proposal may draw people's attention to employees' safety issues within the hospitality industry. It is also important for hotels and restaurants to make sure that their employees work in an environment that is danger free and threats free. The panic button can provide the instant location of the staff and once if something goes wrong, the time for rescue will be shorten. It is really a beneficial proposal for the entire hospitality industry.
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    Pending approval, personal panic alarms would be carried by staff members in all New York City hotels. These panic buttons would be carried by the staff member during their shift so that they are easily and quickly accessible should something happen. Fox News in Sacramento, CA reported that house keepers voiced their desire for more saftey measures to be put in place. Assaults on house keepers may be more common than people think. House keepers tend more often to be women and they tend to work alone or with only one other person. Hotels host many events in which guests may be drinking which in turn creates the potential for violent or inappropriate actions. Not only is the safety of guests important to the hospitality industry but safety of employees is paramount as well. Having personal panic buttons would give house keepers and workers alike more peace of mind should they encounter any uncomfortable or unsafe situation.
michelle suchecki

Web surfers keen to compromise own privacy, study finds - 0 views

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    Web users voluntarily compromise their privacy by typing more personal information into online forms than is strictly needed, a study has found. Researchers at the University of Cambridge and University College London invited a group of 1,500 US participants to enter information into an online form.
Shiyuan Peng

Wi-Fi firm looks to hotels, universities - 0 views

  • The United States wireless network provider Meru Networks Inc is eyeing the Chinese market with the company expecting its revenues in the Asia-Pacific region to double in the next two to three years.
  • The country's thriving hospitality industry and higher education institutes will be the biggest customers for Meru
  • China has been one of the fastest developing markets for Meru because of increasing demand despite slowing gross domestic product growth
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  • Meru is hoping the next-generation of Wi-Fi products will boost sales in China
  • China's education industry could be a safe place to find profits.
  • Meanwhile, the rapid-growing hospitality industry in China is likely to become another gold mine for Wi-Fi providers.
  • The number of five-star hotels in the country hit 651 in January and there are another 500-plus luxury hotels waiting to open
  • The association estimated that the nation's five-star hotels could exceed 1,000 by 2015.
  • Chinese telecommunications carriers have been able to develop their own third-generation telecom standards. Overseas communication network providers seem to have trouble adapting to the different industry standards.
  • The company is trying to team up with China's telecom carriers to better develop the market.
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    Because of increasing demand, China has been one of the fastest developing markets for Meru--an American wireless network provider. The company expects that its revenues in the Asia-Pacific region will double in the next two to three years. The company thinks that China's education industry could be a safe place to find profits and the rapid-growing hospitality industry in China is likely to become another gold mine. It is estimated that China's five-star hotels could exceed 1000 by 2015. However, China has a habit of adopting its own communication standards so that overseas communication network providers seem to have trouble adapting to the different industry standards. Therefore, Meru has reached a decision to cooperate with China's telecom carriers to better develop the market.
Diane Cacho

A Nifty Crowdsourced Apple iPhone App for Swiss Hotel School Students - 0 views

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    This Article based on an Apple iPhone App for Swiss hotel Students is about how some 80 international students from IMI University Centre in Luzern collected data to create the world's first crowd-sourced student guide. The iPhone app is connected with Luzern Tourism, which contains its own tourism guide of the city. The app itself also collects many insider tips for the students who currently live in Switzerland. This Iphone App is free and is categorized in 7 different ways one is "Top Info" which is essential for all international students, "Top Rumors", "Why Luzern?" which explains the ten top reasons for why Luzern is the best place to study, "Do's and Don't's" explaining the things that are important to know about Swiss culture, "Education", "Food", and "Student Gems" which are special tips and selections of all students who participate at version 1.0.
Yue Li (3011472)

HFTP Begins Development of a Global Hospitality Accounting System Users Guide - 1 views

  • "We are the only global association dedicated to hospitality finance and technology
  • To create a global resource for the hospitality finance industry, Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals (HFTP®) has begun development on a global hospitality accounting system users guide.
  • The global guide will provide the industry with a comprehensive glossary of inventory terminology, charts of accounts and will benchmark common allocation for specific regions of the world. The project is planned as a three step process:
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  • HFTP is working with members of several organizations including, EHL, HFTP's Research Institute at the University of Houston, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Hospitality Professionals Association (HOSPA).
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    To create a global resource for the hospitality finance industry, Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals has begun development on a global hospitality accounting system users guide. HFTP is the only global association dedicated to hospitality finance and technology and our Global Board is investing heavily to create a benchmark that stakeholders can use to compile accounts, compare regional differences and define the value of a hospitality operation.
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    I agree that this will be a great resource for hospitality finance and technology professionals. I believe that the school doing the research should partner with industry focus groups as well.
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    This article focuses on a global accounting system. Their trying to make a generic set up that is user friendly for people worldwide. People are working on this and we will see what it has to offer the hospitality community here in the future.
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    This article speaks about a user guide that will "compile accounts, compare regional differences and define the value of a hospitality operation." To create this guide will take some time, and 3 steps must be performed. First the research needs to be conducted and gathered, secondly the collected data will be distributed to regional teams who will develop sample charts of accounts. Lastly, the team chairs will finalize the project by authoring a discussion on similarities or differences.
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    This article was pretty brief, but it stated that Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals has begun development on a global hospitality accounting system users guide. This would create a global resource for the finance industry. Frank Wolfe, HFTP's CEO, says that the company is the only global association dedicated to hospitality finance and technology. They are hoping to create a benchmark that stakeholders can use to compile accounts, compare regional differences and define the value of a hospitality operation. What I found interesting about this article was that it greatly involved final year bachelor students at Ecole Hôtelière De Lausanne in Switzerland performing research for this project. I also think that a global hospitality accounting system users guide would be beneficial, especially since many managers/employees do not have the strongest training or skills in a financial or technical area.
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    HFTP (Hospitality financial & technology professionals) begins developing a global hospitality accounting system users guide. This kind of users guide is totally new to the hospitality industry and currently there is no global resource like this. The global guide will provide the hospitality industry with a glossary of inventory terminology, accounting charts and other accounting-related information. This project is developed using technology that can provide users with a benchmark that stakeholders can use to compare regional differences and define the value of hospitality operation. This project is a three-step process. First, bachelor degree students from all over the world who are interested in this project will work as data collector. Second, the assembled and analyzed data will be processed into professionals in different regions all over the world to create new sample charts. Finally, the initial guide will be published in multiple languages and distributed globally. This new accounting system technology is predicted to help the hospitality industry increase the ability in financial management, accounting, cost control and the sharing of global accounting data sources.
Yue Li (3011472)

HFTP Begins Development of a Global Hospitality Accounting System Users Guide - Yahoo! Finance - 2 views

  • "Currently, there is not a global resource like this," said Frank Wolfe, CAE, HFTP's CEO.
  • The global guide will provide the industry with a comprehensive glossary of inventory terminology, charts of accounts and will benchmark common allocation for specific regions of the world. The project is planned as a three-step process:
  • HFTP is working with members of several organizations, including EHL, HFTP's Research Institute at the University of Houston, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Hospitality Professionals Association (HOSPA).
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  • To create a global resource for the hospitality finance industry, Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals (HFTP®) has begun development on a global hospitality accounting system users guide.
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    This article talks about how the Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals (HFTP) are in the process of making a user guide for the global hospitality accounting system. This guide will include a glossary of inventory terminology and have charts that are allocated for specific regions of the world. The article also breaks down the process into three parts. First they are gathering data by surveying hotel operations and terms of reference. Next the data will be sent to regional teams of industry consultants. Then to finalize the project they will author a discussion on issues of allocations. I belive that this would be a definite benefit to some people that have to work with these systems. It allows them to really understand the information rather than just trying to figure it out.
anonymous

Revel Goes Big With Full Stadium Deployment Of iPad Point-Of-Sale System At ASU | TechCrunch - 1 views

  • Also, the San Francisco-based company says its POS software is about 14 percent faster per transaction than a traditional POS, which means it can process a higher volume of customers more quickly.
  • Revel says it has designed its system to be ideally suited to these kinds of hurry-up periods, increasing the rate of customers served and therefore increasing customer satisfaction and overall sales.
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    The company Revel has outfitted the Alabama State University stadium with and iPad-based point-of-sales system. This system is very functional because it does not require and internet connection and it has a faster processor to complete transactions versus the traditional systems. In the stadium setting it can help to move the line faster leading to happier customers who do not have to wait long in line.
danalbert

Event Management Software Market Worth $7.78 Billion by 2019 | Virtual-Strategy Magazine - 0 views

  • With the increase in the number of meetings, inductions, conferences, exhibitions (MICE), event organizers are trying to implement best-in-class technology that can handle the entire event lifecycle from planning to implementation.
  • The major forces that have fueled the growth in this market are the proliferation of smart phones, increase in the meeting spending, social media user platform, integration of solutions and most importantly cloud platform.
  • global Event Management Software Market is expected to grow from $5.10 billion in 2014 to $7.78 billion by 2019. This represents an estimated Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.81% from 2014 to 2019.
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    Although this is just a briefing of what is included in the full report, it is clear that event planning is a growth industry. With the growth in smart devices and nearly universal internet coverage, hotels that have their own venues or are affiliated with a venue can almost not afford to have a piece of the event industry. By automating their processes, hotels and their event planners can increase efficiency and their bottom line.
smaka004

SocialTables, A Collaborative Event-Planning Service, Raises $8 Million Series A | TechCrunch - 0 views

  • SocialTables now has 2,500 customers and 30,000 users. Two-thirds of those are venue owners including the Hyatt Hotel Corporation and Caesar’s Entertainment, and one-third are party planners.
  • “SocialTables is a hospitality SaaS company,”
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    SocialTables is one of the latest and most successful hospitality start-ups. It is essentially a hospitality SaaS. It was founded by Dan Berger, an event-planner turned programmer. Founded in 2012 and based in Washington D.C., one of the premier corporate hospitality locations in the US, the start-up has recently raised $8 million in Series A funding. The round was led by Bessemer Venture Partners, and followed by Thayer Ventures. This funding adds to the previous $1.6 million the company raised, which helped them streamline their event planning tools. According to its website, SocialTables is a cloud-based solution that offers event diagramming, seating, and check-in tools for event planners. The software can make room layouts that event planners can use to show clients, compose detailed seating charts and arrangements, and it offers a fast check-in app. All of this is done on a colorful, intuitive, cloud-based site with mobile integration. In two years, SocialTables has grown considerably. It has over 2,500 customers and 30,000 users. Additionally, two-thirds of its customer base is actually composed of venue-owners, including major corporations like Hyatt Hotels and Caesar's Entertainment. Academic institutions like Harvard Business School and The Ohio State University also subscribe to SocialTables. Additionally, one-third of its customers are private party planners. SocialTables is becoming an affordable, customizable, tech-progressive solution for event planners of all levels. Industry leaders like Hyatt and Caesar's already subscribe to its services. In the future, I think that the start-up should focus on increasing its ability to provide affordable and capable solutions for private event planners, particularly in the wedding category. While that is an extremely competitive and saturated market, SocialTables could provide an industry-leading software solution and use its credibility to entice private planners into its cloud-based ecosystem.
smaka004

Cornell Study: Sustainability Certification Boosts Hotel Performance - Business Travel News - 0 views

  • Prior to certification, the LEED-certified hotels had an average daily rate that was $10 higher than the noncertified hotels. In the two years following the certification, that average premium jumped to $20, according to the study.
  • "The LEED hotels quickly made up the occupancy deficit recorded in the year prior to certification, and they outperformed competitors for two years following certification."
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    A recent study by the top-ranked School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University has found that certification by the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, also known as LEED certification, actually provides a boost in revenue for hotels. The Council takes various factors into account prior to certifying a hotel, including "water efficiency, energy use, and indoor environmental quality. When compared to 514 non-certified hotels, the 93 hotels afforded LEED certification excelled in their gross income based on the average daily rate (ADR) standard. Over a time of two years, the LEED-certified hotels outperformed their non-certified competitors. In fact, LEED-certified hotels were able to match the levels of occupancy of non-certified hotels in a single year. Since LEED certification in the hospitality industry is fairly new, there is little empirical evidence to further back the conclusions of this particular study. Though LEED certification of hotels has actually declined since 2010, I believe that the more hotel controllers start to understand its benefits, the quicker we will see it adopted as an industry standard. It is worth noting that this study specifically focused on 93 upscale and luxury properties, but compared them to nearly five times as many hotels without certification. I think a more accurate study will divide up hotels based on their pricing category (budget, midscale, upscale, luxury, extended stay, etc.) and compare the benefits of LEED certification with that in mind. Lastly, it is unclear if the study found any higher level of consumer preference for LEED certified hotels. Instead, the benefits seem to come with the standards that LEED certified hotels must meet, in turn resulting in lower expenditures. Perhaps more sophisticated customers at luxury properties are more keen to environmental protection and stewardship, and thus take LEED certification into account. However, I believe that most of
mknig011

Importance of Sustainability in Hospitality | Dana Communications - 1 views

  • Over the past several decades, hoteliers have turned their focus to the importance of sustainability in the hospitality industry as it relates to hotel development and operations, including the environmental, economic and social impact.
  • The hospitality sector has historically had a dramatic environmental impact through energy and water consumption, use of consumable and durable goods, and solid and hazardous waste creation.
  • Economically, myths include the ideas that green operation is more expensive and that guests are not interested in sustainability.
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  • Recent advances in technology related to renewable sources of energy (solar, geothermal, wind, etc.) have improved the economics of using these kinds of alternative energies at the property level.
  • As hoteliers begin to realize that they can provide an enhanced guest experience by integrating natural elements, there has been an evolution in “green thought” in the community inspired by multiple factors:
  • Cost is always a driving factor and reducing operating costs provides a compelling incentive for hoteliers
  • Our government has enacted a variety of economic incentives to encourage the development of environmental retrofits and the construction of “green” buildings.
  • Current environmental regulations targeted toward the hotel sector are largely focused on facility operations such as storm-water management, hazardous materials handling, and environmental health and safety.
  • A greater number of hoteliers understand that investments in environmental technology can have a direct positive impact on guest experience.
  • Adopting a sustainable corporate culture can provide a distinct advantage in terms of attracting and retaining talent.
  • Most major hotel brands have incorporated some level of sustainability platform into their brand definition. Several brands have been repositioned to cater to a younger generation of more environmentally and socially active customers.
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    This article is about how technology can reduce the cost using sustainability. Although that some people believe that green operation is more expensive and that guests are not interested in hospitality. According to Cornell University for hospitality research, the reverse is true for both. Recent advances in technology related to renewable sources of energy are beneficial and have cut the costs for energy. Not only that investment in environmental technology reduce the costs but also has a positive impact in our guest experience.
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    This article is about how technology can reduce the cost using sustainability. Although that some people believe that green operation is more expensive and that guests are not interested in hospitality. According to Cornell University for hospitality research, the reverse is true for both. Recent advances in technology related to renewable sources of energy are beneficial and have cut the costs for energy. Not only that investment in environmental technology reduce the costs but also has a positive impact in our guest experience.
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    This article explains the various sustainability efforts of hoteliers in effort to limit their negative impact on the environment. Although, going green is beneficial to the world around us, hoteliers have also realized its benefits within the industry. One important factor has been its cost savings and economic incentives. Going green also enhances the brand image of hoteliers which in turn creates a market for a specific type of traveller, whom deems it necessary for a hotel to maintain sustainability efforts.
anonymous

6 ways to minimize your e-waste | Sustainability at Harvard - 0 views

  • Minimizing e-waste helps to conserve resources and reduces the amount of energy we take from the earth.
  • Re-evaluate. Do you really need that extra gadget? Try finding one device with multiple functions. Extend the life of your electronics. Buy a case, keep your device clean, and avoid overcharging the battery. 
  • Recycle electronics and batteries in e-waste recycling bins located around campus.  Large electronics can go in the larger bins found in your building.  
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    This short article from Harvard University discusses ways in which conservation and recycling of old products can help minimize wasteful practices of corporations' extraction of precious minerals in the production of technological hardware.
msant228

The Implementation of Green Tourism and Hospitality | OMICS International - 1 views

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    This article talks about "green tourism" and its impact in today's hospitality and tourism industry. Professors from Stanford University, Northwestern, and Hsiuping University of Science and technology in Taiwan speak about the growing demand for modern and sustainable practices from consumers in the 21st century. This is due largely to the harsh impacts felt by global warming, which have began to cause long term damages to tourist areas around the world. These areas include the great barrier reef, the amazon rainforest, and more. In this article green tourism is explained as the new driving force in the hospitality and tourism sector. This new direction is led by the eager demands made by consumers for greener practices and advocacy for environmental awareness. Green tourism includes concepts in every aspect of the industry from hotel sustainability practices, to the efforts of tourists and tourist managers alike, as well as those of tour operators which must all make an equalized effort in conserving local environments and advocate for sustainable measures and solutions.
yyr997

How to Choose the Best HR Software Tools for Your Company in 2018 - 0 views

  • Evaluate Your Current HR Software
  • Conducting a brainstorming session. Encouraging employees in your HR department to provide their ideas. Asking workers from other departments about the issues they face when communicating with HR specialists.
  • Check the Functionality
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  • Pay Attention to Details
  • Estimate Your Budget
  • Make A Final Decision
  • Finally, when you have selected your best-fit HR software, check the references of the recent clients.
  • Final Thoughts
  • You should clearly understand the needs and possibilities of your organization in order to find a solution that will match them perfectly.
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    Every HR department needs to utilize software which meets the specific requirements of a company without overspending. Every organization is unique in nature, so there is no universal "best HR software" on the market.
marble_bird

The Concept of Comprehensive Tracking Software to Support Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas.pdf - 0 views

shared by marble_bird on 25 May 20 - No Cached
  • Visitor management of protected areas [1–3] is supposed to keep the tourism intensity below the area limits while respecting the needs of the local economy and community as a multi-faceted goal of participative management [4]. It requires reliable, comprehensive, and detailed data about tourism intensity, including its impacts and practical methods and tools to exploit the data for the purpose of visitor management
  • Visitor management of protected areas [1–3] is supposed to keep the tourism intensity below the area limits while respecting the needs of the local economy and community as a multi-faceted goal of participative management [4]. It requires reliable, comprehensive, and detailed data about tourism intensity, including its impacts and practical methods and tools to exploit the data for the purpose of visitor management
  • At first, a literature review (Section 2) is conducted in the areas of tourism impacts, tourism sustainability , visitor management, tourism modelling and simulations, visitor monitoring and tracking, and the utilization of data about visitors. Specific attention is paid to the promising method of individual tracking, its variants, and the challenges related to its deployment.
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  • The LAC method [12,13], the carrying capacity [2,4,8,10,14–18], tourism sustainability indicators [8,10,19], or visitor management models [2,4,11] are some of the theoretical concepts and methods which the protected area visitor management may use to assess the effects of tourism and tourism infrastructure construction and maintenance.
  • isitor counts can be used to form a model reflecting the dynamics of the destination system, allowing visitor flow simulations
  • However, the quality of such models is critically dependent on the extent, quality, and readiness of the entry data [21]. The use of real-time data in models of destination systems is not common
  • Individual tracking methods are based on satellite positioning (e.g., The Global Positioning System known as GPS, or Galileo), active mobile positioning, Bluetooth positioning, Wi-Fi positioning, or indirect monitoring based on geocoded social media, or photo databases
  • Visitor management of a protected area requires tourism impact estimates depending on its intensity (step 1). Estimates of proportions of various visitor categories depending on days of the week, holidays, weather, or season, or other factors together with expert estimates of specific impacts of these categories of visitors are available
  • The use of visitor monitoring methods is a common part of visitor management practice, however, monitoring is often not implemented
  • systematically enough and data is often available with a significant delay (for example, from oine people counters installed in the terrain or when using data from mobile operators), making the assessment of the destination system state in real-time impossible
  • Correct and ecient data integration requires a systematic and consistent approach. However, a relevant methodology for the utilization of heterogeneous data is not available, which may be one of the reasons why comprehensive visitor monitoring is so rare.
  • the universally applicable concept of an intelligent tour guide for visitor tracking and for visitor characteristics acquisition are introduced in the results section of the manuscript. The ongoing experimental implementation of the proposed concept is mentioned, and relevant challenges are discussed at the end.
  • Gradually, five representatives and experts from protected area management, six destination organization experts, and four geopark experts were involved. None of the protected area experts involved in the research had any previous experience with systematic visitor data integration or with using the concept of the intelligent software tour guide.
  • The brainstorming and focus group were used to raise new ideas, and the Delphi method was used to reach a consensus when needed.
  • The knowledge gathered from experts served as an input for systems analysis, leading to the design of a computer program—an intelligent tour guide for each involved protected area. Namely, use cases, functional requirements, and other characteristics of the software were identified and discussed.
  • Because meaningful visitor flow and visitor impact modelling require suciently comprehensive and accurate data [21], systematic exploitation of all available relevant heterogeneous data about visitors (collected by a variety of methods, each with its specific limitations, e.g., visitor profiles, numbers of sold tickets, counts from sensors, space-time curves of individual visitors) is a recommended [36] and cost-e ective approach.
  • Thus, attention should be paid to the categorization of visitors, including their needs, motivations, limitations, and the resulting patterns of behavior. Such analysis may help to reveal which categories of visitors are desired, e.g., because of their positive impact on the local economy, and which should rather be discouraged from coming
  • The concept is meant to be generic enough to fit a variety of geographic areas (size, protected features of the local nature, local community , tourism intensity , division of roles in participative management between organizations, etc.)
  • The intelligent tour guide has to be:
  • Reliable, accessible, compatible.
  • Personalized.
  • Location-sensitive.
  • Destination-system-aware.
  • Interactive and collaborative.
  • Dialogue-wise.
  • Decently gamified.
  • Regarding human factors, the potential of individual visitor tracking to provide rich and valuable data may be hindered by the low motivation to participate [21,50,51]. Low participation may limit the usability of the resulting data and negatively a ect the e ects of possible attempts to influence the flow of visitors.
  • From the technical side, active mobile positioning provides spatially accurate data collected with a sucient sampling rate, for example, compared to passive localization data automatically recorded by mobile operators. However, still, the low satellite signal in rocks or under the canopy of a dense forest in combination with less-sensitive mobile devices may a ect the quality of the data and even the function of the tour guide.
  • Regarding the interpretation of the resulting data, the bias caused by the selection of participants and the willingness and fitness of members of di erent visitor groups has to be considered. Also, individual tracking may have an unintended influence on visitors’ movement and behavior [49], though the impact and resulting bias is usually acceptably low
  • Ethically and legally acceptable data collection may require the acquisition of informed consent from each participant.
  • An inadequate budget can lead to compromises, e.g., in the project management, analysis, or implementation, a ecting the compatibility, reliability, or usability of the program, or the quality and extent of the underlying model and the set of descriptive data.
  • Experimental verification of the individual tracking method, supplemented by visitors’ feelings and experiences by means of an intelligent tour guide operated in the context of a complex destination application, currently takes place in all involved areas. The application is being carefully designed in harmony with all recommended principles. Namely, a clear distinction is being made between the universal part of the application and area-specific models, configurations, deployment choices, or custom pieces of code.
  • The research team is looking for other possibilities of verifying the concept presented elsewhere in the Czech Republic and the world. Further research will reveal if the concept is truly generally applicable, as hypothesized, or not.
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    This article covers the research behind and design of software implemented in the Czech Republic to monitor visitor activity in protected areas. The software is designed to act as a "tour guide" and keeps track of visitors through satellite positioning. The article discusses the process by which this software would be developed, rationale for its implementation, and consumer data that may be collected through this process that would benefit National Parks and other protected areas. Theoretical questions in regard to human interaction, privacy concerns, and effectiveness of the application in low-service areas are discussed. Though the application requires more research and strict attention to variables, its implementation worldwide could change how sustainable tourism is managed and would provide important information on consumer habits in protected areas.
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