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The trace element selenium and the thyroid gland. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...10403185 Selenium Se thyroid gland function iodine cancer
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Selenium is very important in thyroid function, not just Iodine.  Low Se levels significantly correlate with thyroid cancer.
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Selenium in Human Health and Disease | Abstract - 0 views

online.liebertpub.com/...ars.2010.3275 selenium Se disease health prostate cancer GI cancer cancer diabetes CVD cardiovascular disease
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Selenium deficiency has important implications in disease: including CVD, GI cancer, prostate cancer, and diabetes.
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http://www.clinchem.org/content/39/10/2040.full.pdf - 0 views

www.clinchem.org/...2040.full.pdf Se selenium diet
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Urinary Selenium is a good marker of dietary Se intake.
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Dietary intake and urinary excretion of selenium in the Japanese adult population: the ... - 0 views

www.researchgate.net/...ation_the_INTERMAP_Study_Japan selenium diet
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Urinary excretion of selenium proved to be a good marker of dietary Se intake in Japanese study.
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Selenium in soil and endemic diseases in China. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11846167 Selenium disease selenosis
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Selenium deficiencies, selenosis, lead to disease.
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The antioxidant role of selenium and seleno-compounds. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12818475 selenium Se antioxidant oxidative stress cancer detoxification 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine glutathione peroxidase
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Selenium (Se) deficiency is associated with increased oxidative stress.  Selenium is a cofactor necessary for glutathione perioxidase.  Selenium reduced 8-OHdG, promoted cell growth inhibition and cell death pointing to significant Cancer implications.
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Cellular and Molecular Basis of Deiodinase-Regulated Thyroid Hormone Signaling - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2647704 thyroid hormone T3 T4 rT3 deiodinase selenium hormones
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Nov 14
     
    Anything and everything one would want to know regarding thyroid hormone signaling.  Doctors, especially endocrinologists, need to read this.  T4 is not or is ever inside target cells.  The enzymes, deiodinase types 1, 2, and 3, are what control the thyroid hormone at the cellular levels.  Deiodinase-2 is what generates T3 in the cytosol of the cell.  In contrast, deiodinase-3 is what generates rT3 which is inactive.  High Fat diet increases deiodinase-3.
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Plant-derived 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Is a Strong Androgen Antagonist in Human ... - 0 views

www.jbc.org/...21136.full DIM I3C PSA AR androgen receptor prostate cancer men male hormone hormones androgen
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Inhibition of Endogenous PSA Expression by DIM
  • DIM strongly inhibited DHT induction of androgen-responsive genes by more than 50%
  • antiandrogenic activity of DIM
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • DIM suppresses DHT-induced cell growth and PSA expression and exhibits no AR agonist activity
  • DIM has a strong affinity for both the mutant AR inLNCaP cells and for recombinant wild-type human AR
  • nuclear translocation and foci formation of DHT-bound AR are inhibited by DIM
  • Our investigation, leads to the conclusion that DIM is a strong, pure androgen antagonist.
  • The down-regulation of PSA by DIM
  • PSA has been reported to promote the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells through several mechanisms, including cleavage of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and laminin
  • PSA expression is regulated by the AR and is thought to function as a growth factor in LNCaP cells
  • down-regulation of PSA expression may be important in the antiproliferative effects of DIM in LNCaP cells
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 14
     
    DIM, from cruciferous veggies often used to aid estrogen metabolism, is found to decrease PSA transcription and function as an androgen receptor antagonist in prostate cancer cell lines.
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http://press.endocrine.org/doi/pdf/10.1210/jc.2014-2585 - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2014-2585 low T low Testosterone low Testosterone male men hormone hormones cardiovascular disease CVD diabetes IMT hs-CRP endothelial dysfunction
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 14
     
    Cross sectional study finds that 1/3 of men with type II diabetes have low T via serum.  Low T correlated with higher IMT and hs-CRP.
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Association of androgen-deprivation therapy with excess cardiac-specific mortality in m... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...1FB6E68961FAD6E8D59FE72.f04t04 androgen deprivation therapy ADT CVD cardiovascular disease men male hormone hormones prostate cancer
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 14
     
    Androgen Deprivation Therapy, ADT,  is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in men with pre-existing CVD.  This has also been shown to be the case with IR, Diabetes, weight gain...What man 40+ with prostate cancer doesn't have some degree of CVD??
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Androgen Therapy in Women: A Reappraisal: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidel... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2014-2260 Testosterone women female hormone hormones
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Nov 14
     
    A recommendation that I agree with: Very little data available for Testosterone in women requires significant restraint and recommendation to limit use of Testosterone in women.
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Glucagon Stimulation Testing in Assessing for Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: Current ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3262627 glucagon stimulation test HGH GH human growth hormone growth hormone
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 14
     
    the Glucagon Stim test is a useful alternative to the ITT for HGH deficiency evaluation.
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Diagnosing Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...972617 HGH GH human growth hormone growth hormone IGF-1
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  • it is clear that serum IGF-1 and or IGFBP-3 can be normal in patients with undisputed GHD
  • Various investigators have reported normal IGF-1 values in 37–70% of GH deficient adults
  • The co-administration of arginine and GHRH (the combined test) is a powerful stimulus for GH production and has gained increasing acceptance as a useful method of diagnosing GHD [34]. This test has been advocated as a suitable alternative to ITT
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • The glucagon stimulation test (GST) is a reliable, safe alternative to the ITT in the diagnosis of GHD
  • An intravenous infusion of arginine (0.5 g/kg body weight) together with an intravenous bolus of GHRH (1 mcg/kg body weight) is administered [30]. Serum samples for GH are then obtained every 15–30 minutes for two hours.
  • Obesity, particularly marked obesity, is associated with blunted GH secretion in response to provocative stimuli
  • It has also been suggested that that even mildly increased BMI (25–30 kg/m2) can result in diminished stimulated GH production in 13% of healthy subjects
  • Corneli et al. have defined BMI-specific cut-off points for diagnosing adult-onset GHD using GHRH + arginine—11.5 ng/mL for those with BMI < 25 kg/m2, 8.0 ng/mL for BMI 25–30 kg/m2, 4.2 ng/mL for those with BMI > 30 kg/m2
  • GH levels are higher during the luteal phase in comparison with the follicular phase of the cycle
  • Oral, in contrast to transdermal oestrogen, lowers IGF-1 levels and is associated with increased GH levels
  • Adequate pituitary replacement with thyroxine and hydrocortisone are needed for optimal GH production
  • one cannot rely on a low IGF-1 to diagnose GHD in women taking oral oestrogen preparations.
  • Numerous GH secretagogues are available with the insulin tolerance test being the gold standard and the glucagon stimulation test or the GHRH + arginine as acceptable alternatives
  • ain et al. found the GST to be at least as good as the ITT in provoking GH secretion
  • the GST is safe, with almost no contraindications, it causes nausea and sometimes vomiting in 15–20% of subjects
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 14
     
    Nice, more recent analysis, of HGH testing.
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Which Patients Do Not Require a GH Stimulation Test for the Diagnosis of Adult GH Defic... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.87.2.8216 HGH GH human growth hormone growth hormone IGF-1
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  • Four studies have reported that the probability of GHD (peak GH criteria ranging from < 2.3 to < 5 μg/liter) in patients with three to four PHDs ranges from 91% to 100%
  • 95% accuracy by the presence of either three or more PHDs or a serum IGF-I concentration less than 84 μg/lite
  • adult GHD could be predicted with 95% accuracy by the presence of either three or four PHDs or a serum IGF-I concentration less than 84 μg/liter
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Hypopituitary adults with GHD have been reported to have normal serum IGF-I levels in 37–70% of patients in various studies (5, 9, 18, 21, 22). This is owing in part to the fact that multiple factors regulate serum IGF-I concentrations including nutritional status; hepatic and renal function; and circulating concentrations of thyroid hormone, androgens, and estrogens
  • changes in concentrations of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) influence the total concentration of IGF-I in plasma
  • Among patients with an IGF-I sd score above −1 in the present study, 46% had a peak GH less than 2.5 μg/liter and 67% had a peak GH less than 5 μg/liter.
  • In summary, adult GHD can be predicted with 95% accuracy by the presence of either three or four PHDs or a serum IGF-I concentration less than 84 μg/liter
  • We propose that adult patients with three or four PHDs (three or four of the following deficiencies: TSH, ACTH, gonadotropins [LH and/or FSH], and AVP [central diabetes insipidus]) do not require a GH stimulation test to make the diagnosis of adult GHD
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 14
     
    Insulin Tolerance Test is the gold standard for HGH diagnosis, but this an unpopular test do to long list of side effects.  This study finds a 95% accuracy for IGF-1 less than 84 with 3 or more coexisting pituitary hormone deficiencies.
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Sensitivity and specificity of six tests for the diagnosis of adult... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11994342 HGH GH human growth hormone IGF-1 growth hormone
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  • ARG plus GHRH test, high sensitivity (96 and 95%, respectively) and specificity (92 and 91%, respectively) for GH deficiency were achieved
  • The greatest diagnostic accuracy occurred with the ITT and the ARG plus GHRH test
  • 95% specificity could be achieved with the ARG plus L-DOPA and ARG tests only with very low peak GH cut-points (0.25 and 0.21 microg/liter, respectively) and not at all with the L-DOPA test
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Although serum IGF-I levels provided less diagnostic discrimination than all five GH stimulation tests, a value below 77.2 microg/liter was 95% specific for GH deficiency
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 14
     
    study evaluated 6 tests for HGH deficiency diagnosis.  Ninety-five percent specificity found with ARG + l-DOPA and ARG alone.  However, the authors found a 95% specificity with IGF-1 < 77.  Although, IGF-1 is false negative in up to 65% of those with HGH deficiency.
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https://www.endocrine.org/~/media/endosociety/Files/Publications/Clinical%20Practice%20... - 0 views

www.endocrine.org/...-Practice-Guideline-NonCME.pdf HGH GH human growth hormone growth hormone
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  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Nov 14
     
    Current recommendations on HGH origin, evaluation, and therapy.
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Testosterone Substitution Normalizes Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Hypogonadal Men: T... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.82.8.4174 leptin low T low Testosterone low T testosterone obese obesity men male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Nov 14
     
    Men with low T and elevated Leptin, have Leptin normalized with Testosterone therapy.  In obese men, Leptin is inversely associated with Testosterone.  This points to more cause/effect relationship with low T, elevated Leptin, and obesity in men.
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Leptin and Androgens in Male Obesity: Evidence for Leptin Contribution to Reduced Andro... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jcem.84.10.6082 obesity leptin low T low Testosterone Testosterone low T leydig cells LH leutenizing hormone men male hormones hormone
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • in male obesity basal and LH-stimulated androgen levels are reduced and inversely correlated with circulating leptin
  • functional leptin receptors are present in rodent Leydig cells
  • it is conceivable that in males high leptin concentrations may have a direct inhibitory effect(s) on Leydig cell function.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • insulin is an important inhibitor of the synthesis of SHBG
  • no correlation between leptin and SHBG levels
  • SHBG reduction in obesity is a minor determinant of lowered androgen levels
  • SHBG can explain only up to 3% of the correlation
  • testicular T de novo production is impaired in obese men and that leptin seems to be the best hormonal predictor of this blunted response to LH stimulation
  • The low basal 17-OH-P levels found in massively obese men are consistent with a global impairment of Leydig cell steroidogenic function in this group of subjects.
  • These findings indicate that obese men have a FM-related defect in the enzymatic conversion of 17-OH-P to T, which is revealed by hCG stimulation.
  • Other studies have investigated the adrenal function in male obesity and have shown that basal cortisol and 17-OH-progesterone levels tend to decrease with the increase in the degree of obesity
  • High E2 can inhibit the expression and activity of the 17,20-lyase and may be responsible for this steroidogenic lesion
  • However, stimulated E2 levels were not higher in the obese than in controls, excluding the fact that the lower androgen response was due to an increased aromatization of T to E2 and that estrogens have a major role in the observed defect of 17,20-lyase activity in obese men.
  • the percentage increase in the 17-OH-progesterone to T molar ratio paralleled the increase in leptin levels of obese men
  • Multiple regression analysis indicated that the best hormonal predictor of the obesity-related reduction in T and FT basal levels and androgen changes after hCG stimulation was serum leptin concentration
  • insulin has no negative influences on androgen production in obese men
  • insulin is known to have stimulatory actions on T production that have been demonstrated in obese and normal weight men (57) and in Leydig cells in culture
  • the negative correlation between insulin and basal T can be partly explained by the inhibitory action of insulin on SHBG production
  • hypogonadal men have higher circulating leptin levels compared with hypogonadal patients under effective androgen substitution therapy
  • The impaired androgen response to LH stimulus was due to a defect in the enzymatic conversion of 17-OH-progesterone to T, which was disclosed by a leptin-related increase in 17-OH-progesterone to T ratio
  • Estrogens, which are inhibitory modulators of LH pulsatility and bioactivity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Sep 14
     
    Leptin appears to be a good marker of low Testosterone.  This study proposes that the mechanism of action is potentially 2 fold: first, a decrease in LH release by leptin (kisspeptin?) and 2nd, a directed decrease in Testosterone production by the leydig cells in the testes.
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Pituitary-adrenocortical function in abdominal obesity of males: ev... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...8809194 obesity obese 21-hydroxylase adrenal cortisol hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 14
     
    Obesity associated with decreased adrenal 21alpha-hydroxylase activity.  The result is decreased cortisol production in obese individuals.  
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Reduced testosterone and adrenal C19 steroid levels in obese men. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...7723675 obesity obese men low Testosterone low Testosterone male hormones hormone adrenal cortisol
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Oct 14
     
    Decreased adrenal steroid production occurred in men with obesity.  Estrone positively correlated.
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