Skip to main content

Home/ Dr. Goodyear/ Group items matching "insufficiency" in title, tags, annotations or url

Group items matching
in title, tags, annotations or url

Sort By: Relevance | Date Filter: All | Bookmarks | Topics Simple Middle
Nathan Goodyear

Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and the Effects of Low-Dose Hydrocortisone Therapy - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...3545.long

CFS chronic fatigue syndrome hydrocortisone cortisol fatigue adrenal fatigue hypoadrenia HPA adrenal insufficiency adrenal adrenals

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12 - No Cached
  • We conclude that the improvement in fatigue seen in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome during hydrocortisone treatment is accompanied by a reversal of the blunted cortisol responses to human CRH
  • These data further suggest that the hypocortisolism found in chronic fatigue syndrome may be secondary to reduced adrenal gland output.
  • 5-mg replacement dose of hydrocortisone, and the remainder 10 mg
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 May 12
     
    low dose hydrocortisone therapy (defined as 5-10 mg), in this study, was used to treat CFS.  This study found an improvement in symptoms in these patients.  Additionally, low cortisol was found in these patients with CFS.  Their conclusion, was that low adrenal function is a component of CFS and low dose hydrocortisone therapy is an effective treatment.   Now, is the low cortisol as the result of increased metabolism as well?
Nathan Goodyear

Salivary Cortisol Measurement: A Practical Approach to Assess Pituitary-Adrenal Function - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...343.abstract

cortisol saliva salivary testing hormone hormones evaluation Cushing's syndrome adrenal insufficiency

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • We conclude that salivary cortisol measurements are an excellent index of plasma free cortisol concentrations
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Apr 12
     
    this study showed salivary cortisol to be an "excellent" means to evaluate both those with adrenal disease and adrenal dysfunction.  Salivary test is a good tool to evaluate the free active cortisol.
Nathan Goodyear

Diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease: comparison between serum and salivary cortisol during the high-dose short synacthen test - 0 views

www.eje-online.org/...9.full

saliva salivary cortisol hormone hormones HPA

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 12
     
    European journal of endocrinology article compared serum to salivary cortisol and found them to be equal, but due to ease of collection, salivary cortisol to be preferable.  This article was using cortisol to assess HPA axis dysfunction.
Nathan Goodyear

Utility of Salivary Cortisol Measurements in Cushing's Syndrome and Adrenal Insufficiency - 1 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...3647.abstract

saliva salivary cortisol hormone hormones test testing evaluation adrenal HPA axis BHRT

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • It is expected that the use of the measurement of salivary cortisol will become routine in the evaluation of patients with disorders of the HPA axis.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11
     
    Salivary cortisol testing shown to have sensitivity and specificity that exceeds 90%.  Final Quote: "salivary cortisol will become routine in the evaluation of patients with disorders of the HPA axis
Nathan Goodyear

Diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease: comparison between serum and salivary cortisol during the high-dose short synacthen test - 1 views

www.eje-online.org/...9.short

saliva salivary testing test evaluation cortisol hormone hormones BHRT

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11
     
    salivary cortisol testing said to be "first-line" and preferable to serum cortisol evaluation
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and glucose metabolism in men: current concepts and controversies - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R37.full

Low T Testosterone metabolic syndrome MetS Diabetes men male glucose hormone hormones g

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Around 50% of ageing, obese men presenting to the diabetes clinic have lowered testosterone levels relative to reference ranges based on healthy young men
  • The absence of high-level evidence in this area is illustrated by the Endocrine Society testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency clinical practice guidelines (Bhasin et al. 2010), which are appropriate for, but not specific to men with metabolic disorders. All 32 recommendations made in these guidelines are based on either very low or low quality evidence.
  • A key concept relates to making a distinction between replacement and pharmacological testosterone therapy
  • ...59 more annotations...
  • The presence of symptoms was more closely linked to increasing age than to testosterone levels
  • Findings similar to type 2 diabetes were reported for men with the metabolic syndrome, which were associated with reductions in total testosterone of −2.2 nmol/l (95% CI −2.41 to 1.94) and in free testosterone
  • low testosterone is more predictive of the metabolic syndrome in lean men
  • Cross-sectional studies uniformly show that 30–50% of men with type 2 diabetes have lowered circulating testosterone levels, relative to references based on healthy young men
  • In a recent cross-sectional study of 240 middle-aged men (mean age 54 years) with either type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes or without diabetes (Ng Tang Fui et al. 2013b), increasing BMI and age were dominant drivers of low total and free testosterone respectively.
  • both diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are associated with a modest reduction in testosterone, in magnitude comparable with the effect of 10 years of ageing
  • In a cross-sectional study of 490 men with type 2 diabetes, there was a strong independent association of low testosterone with anaemia
  • In men, low testosterone is a marker of poor health, and may improve our ability to predict risk
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      probably the most important point made in this article
  • low testosterone identifies men with an adverse metabolic phenotype
  • Diabetic men with low testosterone are significantly more likely to be obese or insulin resistant
  • increased inflammation, evidenced by higher CRP levels
  • Bioavailable but not free testosterone was independently predictive of mortality
  • It remains possible that low testosterone is a consequence of insulin resistance, or simply a biomarker, co-existing because of in-common risk factors.
  • In prospective studies, reviewed in detail elsewhere (Grossmann et al. 2010) the inverse association of low testosterone with metabolic syndrome or diabetes is less consistent for free testosterone compared with total testosterone
  • In a study from the Framingham cohort, SHBG but not testosterone was prospectively and independently associated with incident metabolic syndrome
  • low SHBG (Ding et al. 2009) but not testosterone (Haring et al. 2013) with an increased risk of future diabetes
  • In cross-sectional studies of men with (Grossmann et al. 2008) and without (Bonnet et al. 2013) diabetes, SHBG but not testosterone was inversely associated with worse glycaemic control
  • SHBG may have biological actions beyond serving as a carrier protein for and regulator of circulating sex steroids
  • In men with diabetes, free testosterone, if measured by gold standard equilibrium dialysis (Dhindsa et al. 2004), is reduced
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      expensive, laborious process filled with variables
  • Low free testosterone remains inversely associated with insulin resistance, independent of SHBG (Grossmann et al. 2008). This suggests that the low testosterone–dysglycaemia association is not solely a consequence of low SHBG.
  • Experimental evidence reviewed below suggests that visceral adipose tissue is an important intermediate (rather than a confounder) in the inverse association of testosterone with insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
  • testosterone promotes the commitment of pluripotent stem cells into the myogenic lineage and inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes
  • testosterone regulates the metabolic functions of mature adipocytes (Xu et al. 1991, Marin et al. 1995) and myocytes (Pitteloud et al. 2005) in ways that reduce insulin resistance.
  • Pre-clinical evidence (reviewed in Rao et al. (2013)) suggests that at the cellular level, testosterone may improve glucose metabolism by modulating the expression of the glucose-transported Glut4 and the insulin receptor, as well as by regulating key enzymes involved in glycolysis.
  • More recently testosterone has been shown to protect murine pancreatic β cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis
  • Interestingly, a reciprocal feedback also appears to exist, given that not only chronic (Cameron et al. 1990, Allan 2013) but also, as shown more recently (Iranmanesh et al. 2012, Caronia et al. 2013), acute hyperglycaemia can lower testosterone levels.
  • There is also evidence that testosterone regulates insulin sensitivity directly and acutely
  • In men with prostate cancer commencing androgen deprivation therapy, both total as well as, although not in all studies (Smith 2004), visceral fat mass increases (Hamilton et al. 2011) within 3 months
  • More prolonged (>12 months) androgen deprivation therapy has been associated with increased risk of diabetes in several large observational registry studies
  • Testosterone has also been shown to reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in some, but not all studies, reviewed recently in Kelly & Jones (2013). It is not know whether this effect is independent of testosterone-induced changes in body composition.
  • the observations discussed in this section suggest that it is the decrease in testosterone that causes insulin resistance and diabetes. One important caveat remains: the strongest evidence that low testosterone is the cause rather than consequence of insulin resistance comes from men with prostate cancer (Grossmann & Zajac 2011a) or biochemical castration, and from mice lacking the androgen receptor.
  • Several large prospective studies have shown that weight gain or development of type 2 diabetes is major drivers of the age-related decline in testosterone levels
  • there is increasing evidence that healthy ageing by itself is generally not associated with marked reductions in testosterone
  • Circulating testosterone, on an average 30%, is lower in obese compared with lean men
  • increased visceral fat is an important component in the association of low testosterone and insulin resistance
  • The vast majority of men with metabolic disorders have functional gonadal axis suppression with modest reductions in testosterone levels
  • obesity is a dominant risk factor
  • men with Klinefelter syndrome have an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Interestingly, greater body fat mass is already present before puberty
  • Only 5% of men with type 2 diabetes have elevated LH levels
  • inhibition of the gonadal axis predominantly takes place in the hypothalamus, especially with more severe obesity
  • Metabolic factors, such as leptin, insulin (via deficiency or resistance) and ghrelin are believed to act at the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus to inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) secretion from GNRH neurons situated in the preoptic area
  • kisspeptin has emerged as one of the most potent secretagogues of GNRH release
  • hypothesis that obesity-mediated inhibition of kisspeptin signalling contributes to the suppression of the HPT axis, infusion of a bioactive kisspeptin fragment has been recently shown to robustly increase LH pulsatility, LH levels and circulating testosterone in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • A smaller study with a similar experimental design found that acute testosterone withdrawal reduced insulin sensitivity independent of body weight, whereas oestradiol withdrawal had no effects
  • suppression of the diabesity-associated HPT axis is functional, and may hence be reversible
  • Obesity and dysglycaemia and associated comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnoea (Hoyos et al. 2012b) are important contributors to the suppression of the HPT axis
  • weight gain and development of diabetes accelerate the age-related decline in testosterone
  • Modifiable risk factors such as obesity and co-morbidities are more strongly associated with a decline in circulating testosterone levels than age alone
  • 55% of symptomatic androgen deficiency reverted to a normal testosterone or an asymptomatic state after 8-year follow-up, suggesting that androgen deficiency is not a stable state
  • Weight loss can reactivate the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis
  • Leptin treatment resolves hypogonadism in leptin-deficient men
  • The hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis remains responsive to treatment with aromatase inhibitors or selective oestrogen receptor modulators in obese men
  • Kisspeptin treatment increases LH secretion, pulse frequency and circulating testosterone levels in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • change in BMI was associated with the change in testosterone (Corona et al. 2013a,b).
  • weight loss can lead to genuine reactivation of the gonadal axis by reversal of obesity-associated hypothalamic suppression
  • There is pre-clinical and observational evidence that chronic hyperglycaemia can inhibit the HPT axis
  • in men who improved their glycaemic control over time, testosterone levels increased. By contrast, in those men in whom glycaemic control worsened, testosterone decreased
  • testosterone levels should be measured after successful weight loss to identify men with an insufficient rise in their testosterone levels. Such men may have HPT axis pathology unrelated to their obesity, which will require appropriate evaluation and management.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
     
    Article discusses the expanding evidence of low T and Metabolic syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Pituitary-Adrenal Function After Prolonged Glucocorticoid Therapy for Systemic Inflammatory Disorders: An Observational Study - 0 views

jcem.endojournals.org/...3199.abstract

glucocorticoid therapy adrenal suppression insufficiency hypoadrenia steroids

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Aug 13
     
    long-term glucocorticoid therapy commonly produces long-term adrenal suppression.
Nathan Goodyear

Relative vitamin D insufficiency in Hashimoto's thyr... [Thyroid. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...21751884

vitamin D vitamin D Hashimoto's thyroiditis hypothyroid hypothyroidism thyroid

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14
     
    low vitamin D levels associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular Size in Aging Mice - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
  • Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
  • Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
  • These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
  • all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
  • The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
  • feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
  • mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
  • Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
  • the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
  • The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
  • mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
  • blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
  • previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
  • Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
  • Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
  • xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
  • Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
  • One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
  • Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
  • insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
  • Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
  • Physiological feedback loops apparently exist between microbes, host hormones, and immunity
  • The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
  • studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
  • We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
  • Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
  • Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
  • L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
  • the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Fascinating study on how the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri increased Testicular size, prevented testicular atrophy, increased serum Testosterone production and protected against diet-induced/obesity-induced hypogonadism.  This was a mouse model
Nathan Goodyear

The combined effects of exercise and foods in preventing neurological and cognitive disorders - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3258093

diet nutrition exercise BDNF omega-3 omega 3 n-3 brain derived neurotrophic factor curcumin polyphenols neuroplasticity memory sugar saturated fats

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • The most prevalent types of cognitive impairments include disturbances in attention and learning and memory function
  • An association between BDNF and learning and memory was found when measuring the performance of rats on the Morris water maze task
  • exercise and BDNF have been associated with reducing depression and promoting cognitive enhancement.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • In addition to reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, DHA serves to improve neuronal function by supporting synaptic membrane fluidity
  • Curcumin has also been shown to protect the hippocampus and to counteract learning impairment
  • insufficient DHA in the brain can compromise neuronal function with subsequent effects on a broad range of neurological and behavioral faculties.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Nov 13
     
    diet and exercise increases BDNF.  Diets rich in omega 3, curcumin, and polyphenols increase BDNF and thus increase neuroplasticity and associated cognition.   In contrast, sugar and saturated fats in crease oxidative stress and worsened spatial learning.  This study is a review.  
Nathan Goodyear

Arch Intern Med -- Vitamin D2 Treatment for Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency for Up to 6 Years, October 26, 2009, Pietras et al. 169 (19): 1806 - 0 views

archinte.ama-assn.org/...1806

vitamin D long term treatment

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • may be less effective than cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jan 11
     
    Long term high dose Vitamin D proven to be effective.  No toxicity.
Nathan Goodyear

Endogenous sex hormones and subsequent breast canc... [Int J Cancer. 2004] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15352045

progesterone breast cancer hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • These findings support the hypothesis that ovarian hyperandrogenism associated with luteal insufficiency increases the risk of BC in premenopausal women.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 11
     
    Progesterone deficiency and elevated male hormones in women increase premenopausal breast cancer
Nathan Goodyear

Horse chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency - 0 views

www2.cochrane.org/...ab003230.html

extract horse chestnut varicose veins seed

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Overall, the trials suggested an improvement in the symptoms of leg pain, oedema and pruritus
  • The evidence presented suggests that HCSE is an efficacious and safe short-term treatment for CVI
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Feb 11
     
    horse chestnut effective in reducing symptoms of varicose veins
Nathan Goodyear

Inborn-like errors of metabolism are determinants of breast cancer risk, clinical response and survival: a study of human biochemical individuality - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6114970

cancer metabolism breast cancer glutamine glutamate aspartate oncogenes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • We now recognize that human cancers evolve in an environment of metabolic stress. Rapidly proliferating tumor cells deprived of adequate oxygen, nutrients, hormones and growth factors up-regulate pathways that address these deficiencies to overcome hypoxia (HIF), vascular insufficiency (VEGF), growth factor deprivation (EGFR, HER2) and the loss of hormonal support (ER, PR, AR) all to enhance survival and proliferation
  • RAS, PI3K, TP53 and MYC
  • The results suggest that breast cancer could be preceded by systemic subclinical disturbances in glucose-insulin homeostasis characterized by mild, likely asymptomatic, IEM-like biochemical changes
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • The process would include variable periods of hyperinsulinemia with the consequent systemic MYC activation of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, structural lipidogenesis and further exacerbation of hypoglycemia, the result of MYC's known role as an inhibitor of liver gluconeogenesis
  • The metabolic changes we describe in breast cancer arise in concert with IEM-like changes in oxidative phosphorylation as detected by increased values of the ratio lactate/pyruvate (Supplementary Table 2A, 2B) characteristic of Ox/Phos deficiency [25]. In our study, 76% (70/92) of the European breast cancer patients had lactate/pyruvate ratios values higher than the normal value of 25.8
  • four-fold higher frequency of cancer (including breast) in patients with energy metabolism disorders
  • growing recognition that cancer cells differ from their normal counterparts in their use of nutrients, synthesis of biomolecules and generation of energy
  • glutamine concentrations in the cancer patients were reduced to nearly 1/8 of the levels observed in the normal population
  • blood concentrations of aspartate (p = 1.7e-67, FDR = 8.3e-67) (Figure ​(Figure1E)1E) and glutamate (p = 6.4e-96, FDR = 6.2e-95) (Figure ​(Figure1F)1F) were nearly 10 fold higher than the normal ranges of 0–5 μM/L and 40 μM/L, respectively
  • glutamine consumption associated with parallel increases in glutamate and aspartate (Figure ​(Figure1A1A red arrows) is considered a hallmark of MYC-driven “glutaminolysis”
  • Gln/Glu ratio inversely correlates with i- late stage metabolic syndrome and with ii- increased chance of death
  • changes in glutamine consumption, reflected by the Gln/Glu ratio could provide a metabolic link between breast cancer initiation and diabetes, reflective of a systemic metabolic reprogramming from glucose to glutamine as the preferred source of precursors for biosynthetic reactions and cellular energy
  • lower Gln/Glu ratios inversely correlated with insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes
  • the metabolic dependencies of cancer characterized by excessive glycolysis, glutaminolysis and malignant lipidogenesis, previously considered a consequence of local tumor DNA aberration [23] could, instead, represent a systemic biochemical aberration that predates and very likely promotes tumorigenesis
  • these metabolic disturbances would be expected to remain extant after therapeutic interventions
  • accumulation of very long chain acylcarnitines such as C14:1-OH (p = 0.0, FDR = 0.0), C16 (p = 0.0, FDR = 0.0), C18 (p = 0.0, FDR = 0.0) and C18:1 (p = 1.73e-322, FDR = 1.16-321) and lipids containing VLCFA (lysoPC a C28:0) (p = 1.14-e95, FDR = 1.65e-95) in the blood of breast and colon cancer patients
  • Among the most powerful metabolic equations for MYC-activation is that which links the widely used MYC-driven desaturation marker ratio of SFA/MUFA to the MYC glutaminolysis-associated ratio of (Asp/Gln)
  • liver dysfunction shares many features with both IEM and cancer suggesting a role for hepatic dysfunction in carcinogenesis
  • cancer “conscripts” the human genome to meet its needs under conditions of systemic metabolic stress
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18
     
    Breast cancer is a metabolic disease.  Now, where have I heard that cancer is a metabolic disease?
Nathan Goodyear

Intravenous Ascorbate as a Tumor Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent - 0 views

www.seanet.com/...d_hypotheses_1995-v44-p207.htm

vitamin C cancer IV vitamin C ascorbic acid

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • There is a 10 — 100-fold greater content of catalase in normal cells than in tumor cells
  • induce hydrogen peroxide generation
  • Ascorbic acid and its salts (AA) are preferentially toxic to tumor cells in vitro (6 — 13) and in vivo
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • related to intracellular hydrogen peroxide generation
  • only be obtained by intravenous administration of AA
  • Preferentially kills neoplastic cells
  • Is virtually non-toxic at any dosage
  • Does not suppress the immune system, unlike most chemotherapy agents
  • Increases animal and human resistance to infectious agents by enhancing lymphocyte blastogenesis, enhancing cellular immunity, strengthening the extracellular matrix, and enhancing bactericidal activity of neutrophils and modulation of complement protein
  • Strengthens the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix which is responsible for stromal resistance to malignant invasiveness
  • 1969, researchers at the NCI reported AA was highly toxic to Ehrlich ascites cells in vitro
  • In 1977, Bram et al reported preferential AA toxicity for several malignant melanoma cell lines, including four human-derived lines
  • Noto et al reported that AA plus vitamin K3 had growth inhibiting action against three human tumor cell lines at non-toxic levels
  • Metabolites of AA have also shown antitumor activity in vitro
  • The AA begins to reduce cell proliferation in the tumor cell line at the lowest concentration, 1.76 mg/dl, and is completely cytotoxic to the cells at 7.04 mg/dl
  • the normal cells grew at an enhanced rate at the low dosages (1.76 and 3.52 mg/dl)
  • preferential toxicity of AA for tumor cells. >95% toxicity to human endometrial adenocarcinoma and pancreatic tumor cells (ATCC AN3-CA and MIA PaCa-2) occurred at 20 and 30 mg/dl, respectively.
  • No toxicity or inhibition was demonstrated in the normal, human skin fibroblasts (ATCC CCD 25SK) even at the highest concentration of 50 mg/dl.
  • the use of very high-dose intravenous AA for the treatment of cancer was proposed as early as 1971
  • Cameron and Pauling have published extensive suggestive evidence for prolonged life in terminal cancer patients orally supplemented (with and without initial intravenous AA therapy) with 10 g/day of AA
  • AA, plasma levels during infusion were not monitored,
  • the long-term, oral dosage used in those experiments (10 g/day), while substantial and capable of producing immunostimulatory and extracellular matrix modulation effects, was not high enough to achieve plasma concentrations that are generally cytotoxic to tumor cells in culture
  • This low cytotoxic level of AA is exceedingly rare
  • 5 — 40 mg/dl of AA is required in vitro to kill 100% of tumor cells within 3 days. The 100% kill levels of 30 mg/dl for the endometrial carcinoma cells and 40 mg/dl for the pancreatic carcinoma cells in Figure 2 are typical
  • normal range (95% range) of 0.39-1.13 mg/dl
  • 1 h after beginning his first 8-h infusion of 115 g AA (Merit Pharmaceuticals, Los Angeles, CA), the plasma AA was 3.7 mg/dl and at 5 h was 19 mg/dl. During his fourth 8-h infusion, 8 days later, the 1 h plasma level was 158 mg/dl and 5 h was 185 mg/dl
  • plasma levels of over 100 mg/dl have been maintained in 3 patients for more than 5 h using continuous intravenous infusion
  • In rare instances of patients with widely disseminated and rapidly proliferating tumors, intravenous AA administration (10 — 45 g/day) precipitated widespread tumor hemorrhage and necrosis, resulting in death
  • Although the outcomes were disastrous in these cases, they are similar to the description of tumor-necrosis-factor-induced hemorrhage and necrosis in mice (52) and seem to demonstrate the ability of AA to kill tumor cells in vivo.
  • toxic effects of AA on one normal cell line were observed at 58.36 mg/dl and the lack of side effects in patients maintaining >100 mg/dl plasma levels
  • Although it is very rare, tumor necrosis, hemorrhage, and subsequent death should be the highest priority concern for the safety of intravenous AA for cancer patients.
  • Klenner, who reported no ill effects of dosages as high as 150 g intravenously over a 24-h period
  • Cathcart (55) who describes no ill effects with doses of up to 200 g/d in patients with various pathological conditions
  • following circumstances: renal insufficiency, chronic hemodialysis patients, unusual forms of iron overload, and oxalate stone formers
  • Screening for red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which can give rise to hemolysis of red blood cells under oxidative stress (57), should also be performed
  • any cancer therapy should be started at a low dosage to ensure that tumor hemorrhage does not occur.
  • patient is orally supplementing between infusions
  • a scorbutic rebound effect can be avoided with oral supplementation. Because of the possibility of a rebound effect, measurement of plasma levels during the periods between infusions should be performed to ensure that no such effect takes place
  • Every effort should be made to monitor plasma AA levels when a patient discontinues intravenous AA therapy.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 18
     
    Older study, 1995, but shows the long-standing evidence that IVC preferentially is cytotoxic to cancer cells.`
Nathan Goodyear

The glucose ketone index calculator: a simple tool to monitor therapeutic efficacy for metabolic management of brain cancer | Nutrition & Metabolism | Full Text - 0 views

nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/...s12986-015-0009-2

cancer GKI glucose ketone index ketogenic diet nutrition

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • The ‘Glucose Ketone Index’ (GKI) was created to track the zone of metabolic management for brain tumor management
  • The GKI is a biomarker that refers to the molar ratio of circulating glucose over β-OHB, which is the major circulating ketone body.
  • We present evidence showing that the GKI can predict success for brain cancer management in humans and mice using metabolic therapies that lower blood glucose and elevate blood ketone levels
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • The GKI can be useful in determining the success of dietary therapies that shift glucose- and lactate-based metabolism to ketone-based metabolism
  • Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, chronic inflammatory disease, and epilepsy
  • The zone of metabolic management is likely entered with GKI values between 1 and 2 for humans
  • Optimal management is predicted for values approaching 1.0, and blood glucose and ketone values should be measured 2–3 hours postprandial, twice a day if possible
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 09 May 18
       
      check GKI 2-3 hr postprandial twice daily
  • Preclinical studies have demonstrated a clear linkage between GKI and therapeutic efficacy
  • the Warburg effect (aerobic fermentation of glucose) is a common metabolic malady expressed in nearly all neoplastic cells of these and other malignant tumors
  • Aerobic fermentation (Warburg effect) is necessary to compensate for the insufficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the cells of most tumors
  • Normal brain cells gradually transition from the metabolism of glucose to the metabolism of ketone bodies (primarily β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) for energy when circulating glucose levels become limiting
  • Ketone bodies bypass the glycolytic pathway in the cytoplasm and are metabolized directly to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria
  • Tumor cells are less capable than normal cells in metabolizing ketone bodies for energy due to their mitochondrial defects
  • daily activities and emotional stress can cause blood glucose levels to vary making it difficult for some people to enter the predicted zone of metabolic management
  • a clear association of the GKI to the therapeutic action of calorie restriction against distal invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis in the VM-M3 model of glioblastoma
  • The results suggest that GKI levels that approach 1.0 are therapeutic for managing brain tumor growth
  • Therapeutic efficacy of the KD or calorie restriction is greater with lower GKI values than with higher values
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 18
     
    The glucose ketone index shown to predict dietary metabolic success. In humans with brain cancer-- the target is 1.  The glucose and ketone (betahydroxybutyrate) should be measured 2-3 hours postprandial twice daily.
Nathan Goodyear

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy promotes neurogenesis: where do we stand? - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3231808

hbot hyperbaric therapy hyperbaric brain TBI stroke neurogenesis neuorplasticity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 May 17 - No Cached
  • Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies confirm that HBOT induces neurogenesis
  • HIF-1α is the principal mediator of cellular hypoxia adaptations
  • activated by hypoxia, HIF-1α causes the transcription of its regulated downstream genes, including erythropoietin (EPO) and VEGF which are known to promote neurogenesis
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • The safety of HBOT was also evaluated and it was pointed out that, if given at proper paradigms, like 1.5 ATA for 60 minutes, HBOT will not cause oxygen toxicity
  • Rockswold et al., on the other hand, found that HBOT might be potentially beneficial for severe TBI patients
  • McDonagh et al., concluded that there was insufficient evidence to establish the effectiveness of HBOT in the treatment of TBI
  • The first multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 2009 found that 40-hour HBOT of 24% oxygen at 1.3 ATM produced significant improvement in children's overall functioning, receptive language, social interaction, eye contact, and sensory/cognitive awareness compared to those received slightly pressurized room air
  • Another study in 2010 on 16 autism patients, adopting a similar treatment paradigm, showed no effect on a wide array of behavioral evaluations
  • To date, there is little evidence that HBOT causes malignant growth or metastasis. A history of malignancy should therefore not be considered as a contraindication for HBOT
  • HBOT enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes oxidative stress in body tissues
  • Excessive accumulation of oxidative stress may contribute to neurodegenerative processes and cell death in the brain, as seen in diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)
  • Hormesis
  • process that results in a functional improvement of cellular stress resistance, survival, and longevity in response to sub-lethal levels of stress
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 May 17
     
    great review of hbot, brain injury, neuroplasticity and neurogenesis.
Nathan Goodyear

Randomized placebo-controlled trial of testosterone replacement in men with mild Leydig cell insufficiency following cytotoxic chemotherapy. - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...11589674

Testosterone testosterone therapy low T low Testosterone libido

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jun 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jun 17
     
    The authors conclusion here is all wrong.  The men with low T had improvement in energy and LDL, but no improvement in mood and sexual function.
Nathan Goodyear

Intravenously administered vitamin C as cancer therapy: three cases - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1405876

IV vitamin C vitamin C cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 17 - No Cached
  • peak plasma concentrations obtained intravenously are estimated to reach 14 000 μmol/L, and concentrations above 2000 μmol/L may persist for several hours
  • Emerging in vitro data show that extracellular ascorbic acid selectively kills some cancer but no normal cells by generating hydrogen peroxide
  • Death is mediated exclusively by extracellular ascorbate, at pharmacologic concentrations that can be achieved only by intravenous administration
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Vitamin C may serve as a pro-drug for hydrogen peroxide delivery to extravascular tissues, but without the presence of hydrogen peroxide in blood
  • not all cancer cells were killed by ascorbic acid in vitro
  • Intravascular hemolysis was reported after massive vitamin C administration in people with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
  • Administration of high-dose vitamin C to patients with systemic iron overload may increase iron absorption and represents a contraindication
  • Ascorbic acid is metabolized to oxalate, and 2 cases of acute oxalate nephropathy were reported in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency given massive intravenous doses of vitamin C
  • Rare cases of acute tumour hemorrhage and necrosis were reported in patients with advanced cancer within a few days of starting high-dose intravenous vitamin C therapy, although this was not independently verified by pathologic review
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Apr 17
     
    IV vitamin C associated with prolonged survival in 3 patients with different cancers.  Peak serum levels reached 14,000 micromol/L, which levels above the 1,000 micro mol/L (cancer cell cytotoxic threshold) were maintained for hours
‹ Previous 21 - 39 of 39
Showing 20▼ items per page