This is a short interview of the author on a recent retrospective review that revealed no increase in cardiovascular events in men. The author rightly points out his data, which is quite different than the previous JAMA and PLOSone publications which showed an increase in cardiovascular events.
However, the lead author points out the main problem with comparisons: his study group was younger and healthier. So, the comparison is apples to oranges. Studies still point to increased risk of Testosterone therapy in men with pre-existing CVD. This new study does not refute this point at all.
Another serious flaw here, is that only Testosterone was followed. This logic is seriously flawed as I have previously documented. The author points out the flaw in the levels in the JAMA study post treatment. But he fails to account for the the lack of adequate pathway assessment i.e.aromatazation. Also, no inflammatory cytokine evaluation was performed in that study. Both of these should have been highlighted.
In contrast, a positive was the length of follow.
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In this study, in addition to Estradiol, IL-6 was followed via salivary testing.
This study found that post-exercise IL-6 elevation reduced energy availability from fat stores.
salivary hormone evaluation reveals cortisol increases during athletic competition due primarily to a increase in salivary cortisol production. The result is a decrease in T:C ratio during competition. In the recovery phase, cortisol decreases to baseline, but the testosterone rises above baseline, thus increasing the T:C ratio in the recovery phase. This lasted up to 5 days in this study.
statin therapy damages mitochondria. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell: they are the energy producers of the cell. It is no surprise that damage to the cells capacity to make energy will in turn decrease the capacity of muscle to perform.
phosphocreatine helps to maintains muscular performance. This appears to be an early benefit. The question is does this help in prolonged performance requirements.
Hg damages the heart muscle. In this animal study, protection of sulfhidyrl groups prevented this effect. Examples of sulfhidryl groups is GSH, ALA, cysteine, and NAC.