HyperLinkedDIS

Mashable Social Media on questions and answers on Twitter

-13% ask/give product recommendations/advice -67% of people with more than 100 followers ask more questions *because of familiarity with services? ease of use? -the more followers you have, the more likely your questions will be answered -66% of Qs asked have commercial intent

6.8 million visits since Google Pages launched on G+ on 10/12/2011 as of 11/20/2011 (5.1 million prior to that); 63% of users are male

-majority of Google Plus users are between 25-34 and male *how does this correlate to early tech adopter numbers? -only 17% of users considered "active"

Eye tracker study of where people tend to look on a Facebook profile (results highlight importance of profile pictures, job title, and thumbnails of friends)

-Profile pics matter *for libraries its about establishing and maintaining a brand *recognition is key, from the profile pic to the thumbnail -LinkedIn is all about the job title *makes sense given the professional emphasis of LinkedIn -friends matter *be careful about who libraries friend, as it goes a long way to establishing social media bona fides (businesses vs gov't orgs, other libraries, brands, etc) -content on top is most important *libraries need to continually update, refresh and monitor their social media pages *spam, obscene or offensive posts need to be removed quickly -SNSs condition people to peruse and evaluate in different methods per each SNS -even though pics are bigger on some SNSs than others, eye movement remains the same -shows that each SNS has its own way of conveying info to users, even when users might not be aware of it -Youtube thumbnails garnered as much attention as the larger pic -Klout scores to the side, with more info got more attention than the larger Klout score number **what all of these means is even unconsciously, people negotiate SNSs differently

**written before the rise of the SNSs -"It has been hailed by two U.S. presidents as the ultimate weapon in the battle against totalitarianism and tyranny, and credited by Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan with creating a "new economy." (574) *foreshadowing the Arab Spring w/ Twitter... and SNSs participation of the overthrow of govts -quote by Manasian on p 574 (the Internet will change every aspect of our lives...) -digital divide is a concern, and it only gets worse -"Several scholars have contended that Internet communication is an impoverished and sterile form of social exchange compared to traditional face-to-face interactions, and will therefore produce negative outcomes (loneliness and depression) for its users as well as weaken neighborhood and community ties" (575) -"Others believe that the Internet affords a new and different avenue of social interaction that enables groups and relationships to form that otherwise would not be able to, thereby increasing and enhancing social connectivity" (575) -"First, each new technological advance in communications of the past 200 years-the telegraph, telephone, radio, motion pictures, television, and most recently the Internet-was met with concerns about its potential to weaken community ties" (Katz et al. 2001, p. 406) (576) *there are always concerns about the decline of the community, which are never fully realized

-"CMC (computer-mediated communication): viewed by some as an impoverished communication experience, with the reduction of available social cues resulting in a greater sense or feeling of anonymity *SNSs reduce the anonymity by creating online communities, and giving people cues by which to negotiate and validate truths and options

**written before the rise of the SNSs -social capital can be seen as both social contact and civil engagement (113) *both of which can and do occur on SNSs -Putnam argues there is a general decline in American social capital (evidenced by less social activity, less family dinners, etc.) However he is only looking at one specific form of social capital, and the online environment has supplemented if not supplanted some of these areas (Putnam v Fischer debate) *in the past five years, social networks have sprung up that have strengthened ties in communities, and allowed those separated by geography to remain close -has urbanity killed the social vibrant pastoral communities of yore? No... just need to change the criteria a bit to account for the numerous ways people communicate nowdays -with industrialization came the age of the individual (114) -"community-multiplying nature of the Internet" (117) -people seek out others with common interests to share ideas *social capital is strengthened *need to be careful the social networks are not self-perpetuating, or they can become unhealthy

College students and cellphones; 94% text every day, 73% call every day. 57% in survey use smartphones, 97% of smartphone users use them for social networking - 95% of those do Facebook, 47% Twitter - infographic by HackCollege on Mashable.com

smartphones and the pervasiveness on connectivity allow the "network" to be mobile *enormous potential for libraries to connect with patrons at their point of need

not online anymore. Search later.

-profile elements vs social influence: what types of info matter? -verifiable info vs facetious profile information -"Walther's Social Information Processing theory posits that online users compensate for the lack of traditional cues in online environments by looking towards other kinds of cues, such as spelling ability" (436) -online profiles contain many signals, but the viewer has to understand them in order for them to function properly *there's also the converse risk of having an inadvertent signal on the profile *there are clues that are meant, and those that are revealed by accident, and those that are subtle have more value to many people -"Signaling theory: the type of information that can be placed in profiles...profile elements act as signals that may prove something about the identity of the user. These signals can be manipulated by senders to communicate personal qualities, or interpreted by receivers to make judgments about the characteristics of other users" (436) *how do we tell about ourselves to others... and how does a library signal info about itself to not only its patrons but its viewers outside the geographical area -"common ground theory: the motivation of filling out profiles, which is to establish common frames of reference that enhance mutual understanding" (436) *libraries need to identify the needs of their primary users, and reflect these in the profile -"Transaction cost theory: certain profile elements may facilitate the production of shared referents" (436)

-due to the social connections of the SNS, the info in profiles can be verified or not, in many cases easily *libraries cannot ever afford to be caught out in a falsehood! -some of the pieces of the profile are not relevant for libraries, or can be whimsical on the page (likes, etc.) Now with the additional of pages, many of these elements are not even present -size of network/friends may help subtly verify other elements to viewers of a profile -generic vs specific knowledge presented in order to garner common ground with viewers of a profile (437) -through the transaction cost theory, finding common ground can reduce social networking time

same as infographic posted above, basically -56% of Americans think its irresponsible to friend your boss 83% of women are ignored by their FB friends -avg user spends 7 hrs 46 min/month on FB -FB links about sex are shared 90% more than average -Top liked pages: FB, Eminem, Texas Hold-em Poker, Rihanna, YouTube -Top non-Internet liked brands: Coke, Oreos, Disney, MTV, Starbucks -is FB skewed more Dem? Obama has 23 million likes, nearest Repub (Sarah Palin) has 3.1 m likes

create a social media strategy via a website by answering questions

recheck... can't get the whole article through FSU now

-stickiness vs persistence: "the probability of adoption based on one or more exposures vs the relative extent to which repeated exposures to a hashtag continue to have significant marginal effects" -"complex contagion": a principle from sociology, which posits that repeated exposures to an idea are particularly crucial when the idea is in some way controversial/contentious" -how does information spread? And why do some info streams allow the dissemination of info more easily than others? -political/controversial hashtags have more stickiness -Twitter created idioms either stick or die out quickly *even if they stick, they wither with time and exposure unless they enter into the popular lexicon, crossing the barrier

-part of the social concept of Twitter is the re-tweeting, or reposting of others' tweets *this is how information spreads, or knowledge becomes viral (information diffusion) *displayed as: RT @ username "copied message" -56.7% of retweets have URLs in them while only 19.0% of regular tweets have URLs. *example of info diffusion.. content creation spreads across a network, creates links -retweets on a large scale take not just content but context *not just what you tweet, but who you tweet it to (followers) -"findings suggest that microblogging can be tailored to facilitate informal communication between colleagues in organizations" *libraries can tweet info to patrons? links, database promotions, etc -real-time concept of Twitter disseminates info faster (but... more accurately?) *much of Twitter is personal sharing/overshare? -URLs and hashtags help retweetability, as does age of account and number of followers/ees, but number of tweets does not affect potential for retweeting *libraries can establish accounts, and not worry about constant tweeting to get retweeted

May 2011: From slides: among those living below the poverty line who use library Internet connections: 61% of 14-24 year olds used it for school; 54% of poor seniors used it for health/wellness. 85% of adults are cell phone owners; in May 2010 76% used cell phones to take a picture, 72% to send or receive text messages; 54% send photo or video via cell phone; in 2010, 24% of cell phone users use apps. 69% of Internet users watch videos online

-rise of 'networked individualism' where groups decline as social media rises *SNS allow like-minded individuals to find each other and form support groups, even over long distances -"5th Estate of content contributors" -broadband access allows more people to create and remix content, and share it too -consequences for info ecosystem: volume, vibrance, velocity, (rele)valance *more content can be created, consumed and shared faster... SNSs just heighten that effect -know what users need from the library, and offer it via multiple access points online -cell phones are smartphones are social tools *your network in your pocket

-libraries now need to seek out people, rather than being the place where people came for information *librarians can still guide patrons to good info, and help imprint good online practices -libraries can be "nodes" or weak links in social networks *the network in the pocket, and the resource a patron uses when info is needed... weak links accessed only for info purposes are fine -patrons are not literate in the online world, despite what they think! *there's where librarians can take charge

From slides: Teen online activities: 94% do research for school, 81% research entertainment (movies, sports stars, TV shows, music), 57% watched videos, 55% research universities and schools, 48% bought something. Mentioned activities: fan fiction, teen remixed videos, rate the teacher, ebooks / texting, photo-taking and sharing, homework help. Typical number of texts per day: mean 112. median 50 (teen texters). 8% of teens 12-17 on Twitter.

-reading as a "social contact sport" *how to make the library meme-worthy for teens -94% of students do research for assignments online (steer them to the library how? Create events around exam time? Market the library's databases and librarians ready to assist, etc. Invest in YA eBooks that can be downloaded to devices -teens share, remix and blog more than then average population -avg teen sends 112 text/day *library SMS services can target teens -teens owning smartphones: 35% *mobile apps, games, video, SMS... all ways to target YA audience for libraries *teens are more likely to cross disciplines in research and writing... nothing is merely itself anymore, everything can be, and is connected to more

Phone interviews in May 2011 with 2,277 adult internet users ages 18 and older p.2 65% of online adults use social networking sites; p3 Of young adult women ages 18-29 who are online, 89% use social networking sites, 69% on an average day. Highest usage skews toward female and younger, but no significant differences in usage by race, household income, geography and education level.

-in 2005, 8% of adults used SNSs, now the figure is at 65% -most users rate their SNS experiences as positive *great from a social capital standpoint, as they are more likely to keep accounts active, and pursue weak links in newsfeed -"Young adult women ages 18-29 are the power users of social networking", 89% have accts and 69% access them daily *target young adult women with ads on FB, maybe? use GIS data to appeal to interests of that group, and explain what the library can do for them -more adults are using social networks (driving the avg age of the user up considerably from the imagined age) -"As of May 2011, over eight in ten internet users ages 18-29 use social networking sites (83%), compared with seven in ten 30-49 year-olds (70%), half of 50-64 year-olds (51%), and a third of those age 65 and older (33%)." Positive Negative Neutral Notable (top ten) (top ten) (top ten) (mentioned only once) Good Boring Okay Nosey Fun Confusing Fine Omnipresent Great Frustrating Adequate Hog Wash Interesting Time-consuming Family Glitches Convenient Overwhelming Rarely Vulnerable Excellent Addictive All Right Crowded Easy Annoying Communication Stalking Awesome Addicting Seldom Influence Informative Mediocre Facebook Conformity Useful Overrated Infrequent Befuddled *how to work on changing those negative and neutral to positive associations... how to work the library in as a positive association? Infrequent users can be prompted via opt-in participation to log on and complete activities, post. Process needs to be secure, and easy to use for those who are frustrated with the SNS, etc. Address these concerns and you can generate stron

SMS text messaging services in libraries

Google Voice by far the most popular option for libraries. Its features allow email, text and phone reference all frmo one account, at multiple access points. However: http://www.textalibrarian.com/mobileref/why-we-dont-use-the-google-voice-as-an-sms-gateway-its-illegal/ (violates Google Terms of Service, technically) but: http://www.slideshare.net/chadmairn/using-text-messaging-to-enhance-library-services

50 social media & Internet stats compiled by Ad Age.  Some examples: Twenty percent of searches on Google each day have never been searched for before; Nearly every large charity and university in America is on Facebook. Less than 60% of the Fortune 500 are.  Facebook, Twitter and YouTube are now considered cornerstones of most social-media strategies in larger companies.

Social media in the workplace - 2/3 of college students ask about social media policies during job interviews; 56% will not accept a job that bans social media/or will circumvent the policy; 1/3 prioritize social media freedom, device flexibility and mobility over salary; 4/5 of college students want to choose the device for their jobs; 71% of college students believe corporate devices should be used for social media & personal use; 69% of workers in 2011 believed it was unnecessary to be in an office

-online vs offline social networks: what is happening when more people go online? -possible ideas of sociotechnical capital revolving in a more cyclical fashion *other articles (find!) mentioned the idea of FB interactions rising and falling, this could be similar -Internet-Focused Social Capital Research (history of social capital on the internet) *early researchers adopted an either/or philosophy where time spent online devalued time spent offline. They failed to conceive of a world where social interactions could be valuable online. -as different mediums occupy time, it is important to note that social interactions can occur within the online medium (unlike tv) *mediums allow for interactions around the medium... can discuss what was on tv, share memes, etc -Putnam's concepts of "bridging" and "bonding": "bridging" social capital is inclusive. It occurs when individuals from different backgrounds make connections between social networks. "bonding" can be exclusive... The continued reciprocity found in bonding social capital provides strong emotional and substantive support and enables mobilization. *libraries want to bridge social connections and form weak ties with all patrons online *more and diverse ties to better reflect the community -matrix of social capital measures Online Bonding Offline Bonding Online Bridging Offline Bridging -Putnam suggested that the social capital derived from bridging, weak-tie networks is "better for linkage to external assets and for information diffusion" (2000, p. 22). *validates the idea that libraries need bridging, weak-ties for information diffusion *marketing on FB is info diffusion