Skip to main content

Home/ Honors Scientific Research 2023-2024/ Group items tagged HSR2023

Rss Feed Group items tagged

katherine-medina

Topical pine tar: History, properties and use as a treatment for common skin conditions... - 0 views

  • Pine tar is thought to exert its effect by reducing DNA synthesis and mitotic activity, which promotes a return to normal keratinisation. In addition, pine tar has been shown to be antipruritic, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal
  • Topical pine tar has been available over‐the‐counter in Australia since 1953. Today, it is available in various formulations including a gel, lotion, oil, soap‐free bar and solution containing up to 2.3% w/w pine tar
  • There are two kinds of wood tars; made either from trees with a high content of resin (pine and juniper), or from hardwood trees (birch and beech).3 Pine tar (also known as tar, alquitrán vegetal, pix liquida, stockholm tar (in commerce), wood tar, brea de pino, brea vegetal, goudron végétal, nadelholzteer, pix abietinarum, pix pini and pyroleum pini
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • There are two kinds of wood tars; made either from trees with a high content of resin (pine and juniper), or from hardwood trees (birch and beech).3 Pine tar (also known as tar, alquitrán vegetal, pix liquida, stockholm tar (in commerce), wood tar, brea de pino, brea vegetal, goudron végétal, nadelholzteer, pix abietinarum, pix pini and pyroleum pini
  • is obtained by high temperature carbonisation of pine wood from various trees of the family Pinaceae in anoxic conditions (dry distillation or destructive distillation)
  • is obtained by high temperature carbonisation of pine wood from various trees of the family Pinaceae in anoxic conditions (dry distillation or destructive distillation)
  • empyreumatic
    • katherine-medina
       
      smokey or burnt odor
    • katherine-medina
       
      smokey or burnt odor
  • empyreumatic
  • Although pine tar has been used for the treatment of various skin diseases for thousands of years, its mechanism of action is poorly understood and has been extrapolated from studies performed using coal tar.
    • katherine-medina
       
      Why is it hard to understand the mechanisms behind how pine tar works?
  • This promotes a return to normal keratinisation, which is important in skin diseases such as psoriasis
    • katherine-medina
       
      No kidding.
  • carcinogenic
    • katherine-medina
       
      Potential to cause cancer
  • antipruritic
    • katherine-medina
       
      It can relieve itching
    • katherine-medina
       
      It can relieve itching
  • antipruritic
  • Fractionation of pine tar has revealed that the components responsible for its bacteriostatic properties are the resin acids,14 and that acetovanillone, 1,1′,3,3′‐tetraoxo‐2,2′‐bicyclopentyl and its 4‐methyl derivative,
  • Fractionation of pine tar has revealed that the components responsible for its bacteriostatic properties are the resin acids,14 and that acetovanillone, 1,1′,3,3′‐tetraoxo‐2,2′‐bicyclopentyl and its 4‐methyl derivative,
  • as well as another unknown compound,
    • katherine-medina
       
      If they know that there is another component that is responsible for how pine tar works, why haven't they found it yet?
  • as well as another unknown compound,
  • proliferation
    • katherine-medina
       
      the rapid growth of multiple cells.
  • Sensitivity to pine tar.18 Pre‐existing folliculitis or severe acne are also possible contraindications.19
  • In terms of pharmacokinetics, it has been observed by infrared spectroscopy that pine tar is detectable in the skin 1 h following the topical application of 12% pine tar to the skin, but was undetectable in the skin after 8 h
  • Thus it can reasonably be assumed that pine tar lacks significant carcinogenic activity.23 Further, pine tar used in the manufacture of topical pine tar products available in Australia today has been found not to be carcinogenic by the Ames test (unpublished data, Ego Pharmaceuticals), and is not classified as a carcinogen
  • Thus it can reasonably be assumed that pine tar lacks significant carcinogenic activity.23 Further, pine tar used in the manufacture of topical pine tar products available in Australia today has been found not to be carcinogenic by the Ames test (unpublished data, Ego Pharmaceuticals), and is not classified as a carcinogen
  • Despite the extensive use of medicinal tars, particularly in psoriasis patients, there is no epidemiological evidence that topical tar products, including pine tar, cause cutaneous or internal cancer
  • Despite the extensive use of medicinal tars, particularly in psoriasis patients, there is no epidemiological evidence that topical tar products, including pine tar, cause cutaneous or internal cancer
  • Hypersensitivity reactions for tars are rare, but wood tars are more likely to cause sensitisation than coal tar
  • Hypersensitivity reactions for tars are rare, but wood tars are more likely to cause sensitisation than coal tar
  • It is important to note that the number of positive reactions for wood tars was not significantly greater than those for other common allergens.
  • It is important to note that the number of positive reactions for wood tars was not significantly greater than those for other common allergens.
  • generally a mixture of pine, juniper, birch and beech tars, and therefore the exact tar eliciting the positive reaction is not known.
  • Furthermore, there have been only five cases of adverse events for pine tar reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia since records began in 1971, which included pruritus, rash and dermatitis.
  • Of the 21 patients 19 preferred the pine tar baths due to the attractive green colour and smell
  • pityrosporum
    • katherine-medina
       
      A yeast that is associated with dandruff aka ovale
    • katherine-medina
       
      A yeast that is associated with dandruff aka ovale
  • Both pine tar and glucocorticosteroid treatments had an almost equally inhibiting effect on the various cellular constituents of allergic inflammation including the influx of T‐cells, eosinophils, and CD1+, RFD1+, IFN‐γ+, and IL‐4+ cells,
  • Both pine tar and glucocorticosteroid treatments had an almost equally inhibiting effect on the various cellular constituents of allergic inflammation including the influx of T‐cells, eosinophils, and CD1+, RFD1+, IFN‐γ+, and IL‐4+ cells,
  •  
    A nice summary about what pine tars are and what they can do.
katherine-medina

Peptidomimetic antibiotics disrupt the lipopolysaccharide transport bridge of drug-resi... - 0 views

  • Recently, naturally occurring peptides were proposed to interfere with the function of proteins constituting the lipopolysaccharide
  • periplasmic
    • katherine-medina
       
      The space in between the inner and outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria
  • Thanatin, a 21–amino acid defense peptide isolated from the gut of the hemipteran insect Podisus maculiventris (18), exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
    • katherine-medina
       
      I wonder what other peptides do so as well?
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • We hypothesized that thanatin mainly acts as a competitive inhibitor of the protein-protein interactions mediating the Lpt bridge assembly
  • Thanatin, however, is not a suitable drug candidate for further development due to poor drug-like properties and rapid emergence of resistance
    • katherine-medina
       
      Why/How does thanatin have poor drug-like properties?
  • β-jellyroll
    • katherine-medina
       
      structure found in proteins
  • Here, we introduce thanatin-derived synthetic macrocyclic peptides found after a substantial medicinal chemistry effort.
    • katherine-medina
       
      Essentially they synthetically created it
  • Development of resistance against thanatin was observed after 1 day of passaging in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae and is characterized by a spontaneous FOR of 1.2 × 10−6 for E. coli at 4× MIC
    • katherine-medina
       
      That is kinda scary to think about
  • genome sequencing of a diverse panel of thanatin-resistant strains confirmed on-target modifications on LptA as the main resistance determinant in E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
  • The attractive in vitro and in vivo profile of these new antibiotics, coupled with their novel mechanism of action, showing no cross-resistance to standard of care antibiotics, may provide clinicians with additional treatment options to fight AMR, either in combination with SoC or as stand-alone antibiotics.
    • katherine-medina
       
      It is interesting to look around that these other methods that can fight off bacteria.
  •  
    An article showing a new class of antibiotics known as a peptidomimetic antibiotic.
katherine-medina

The-ethics-of-experimenting-with-human-brain-tissue.pdf - 0 views

  •  
    A study that raises interesting questions on the ethics of growing human brain tissue.
Sean Nash

Health Effects from Swimming Training in Chlorinated Pools and the Corresponding Metabo... - 4 views

  • Numerous epidemiological publications have associated the chlorination of pools with dysfunctions of the respiratory system and with some other diseases
  • Therefore, the health effects from swimming in chlorinated pools and the corresponding stress reactions in organisms are unclear. In this study, we show that although the growth and behaviors of experimental rats were not affected, their health, training effects and metabolic profiles were significantly affected by a 12-week swimming training program in chlorinated water identical to that of public pools.
    • katherine-medina
       
      This may prove to be a concerning fact that myself and others on the swim team swim rather consistently.
  • The epidemiological evidence for adverse health effects from swimming in chlorinated water primarily originate from studies concerning respiratory function and asthma, althoughVillanueva et al. reported a significant increased risk of bladder cancer for swimmers compared with nonswimmers [5].
    • katherine-medina
       
      Kinda scary to think about the fact that swimming could be hurting my lungs.
    • Sean Nash
       
      OK... this is all a very rare and interesting topic to me. I've never considered it. Of course, in thinking a bout this as a HS research topic, the fact that it centers around humans... is a feasibility issue. However, what sort of invertebrate models could we use in place? Would we be able to detect DBPs?
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Interestingly, the eyes and skin are the organs that are more directly affected than the lungs by the irritants in chlorinated water; instead of chlorination, training intensity, training frequency and choking on water may be the primary factors for lung damage induced by swimming.
  • he water for the EG was purified using a water purifier and then disinfected using calcium hypochlorite, similar to public swimming pools, whereas the water for the CG was only purified, not chlorinate
  • Therefore, the health effects from swimming in chlorinated pools and the corresponding stress reactions occurring in our bodies are unclear
  • In fact, similar symptoms, red and swollen eyes, dried skin and nasal mucosal congestion, always appear after humans swim in a chlorinated pool; however, the long-term (12 weeks) and high-frequency (5 days a week) of the experimental swimming training caused even worse symptoms in these experimental rats.
  • however, some unusual appearance changes appeared in the EG rats.
    • katherine-medina
       
      EG rats had the exposure of a public level of chlorine.
  • First, the skin around their eyes became increasingly red with the development of the experiment, and in the ending period of the experiment, bloodstains could be observed in the rims of most rats’ eyes.
    • katherine-medina
       
      Wow.
  • Third, their fur became increasingly dry and lackluster, and significant signs of hair loss were observed during the last month.
    • katherine-medina
       
      This doesn't sound good.
  • These results indicated that the fur, respiratory tracts and eyes of the EG rats were severely affected by chlorinated water, although their growth was essentially unaffected. According to our observations, the daily behaviors and sizes of the EG rats were normal, and their final body weights were even slightly heavier than those weights of the control group. Nevertheless, dried and lackluster fur, hair removal, bloody noses and eyes did occur in the EG rats and not to the CG rats.
  • A meta-analysis performed by Goodman et al. demonstrated that the association between asthma and swimming could only be confirmed among competitive swimmers and could not be confirmed among non-competitive swimmers
    • katherine-medina
       
      SO competitive swimmers are the ones with an association of asthma and pool water.
  • Additionally, an interesting phenomenon was observed by comparing the development of the bloody noses and bloody eyes. The bloody noses commonly appeared in the third and in the fourth week; however, approximately two weeks later, this symptom gradually disappeared. The significantly bloody eyes commonly appeared in the ending period of the experiment; however, this problem was becoming worse during the study, and no signs of improvement appeared. The bloody noses appeared first, suggesting that respiratory tracts may be more vulnerable to the irritants from the chlorinated water than eyes; the gradually disappearing symptom suggests that respiratory tracts may have some adaptability to chlorinated water possibly because of the protection from nasal mucous. In contrast, without the mucosal protection, the bloody eyes were becoming increasingly significant during the entire experiment, although this symptom appeared later than the bloody noses.
  • Hippurate is an inhibitor of glucose utilization in the muscle and in the kidneys, an inhibitor of glucose utilization in the kidneys and in the liver, a modulator of fatty acid metabolism, and a stimulator of ammoniagenesis
  • Three rats from the EG were found liver damage, indicating that the positive rate reached 18 percen
  • or instance, Tumasonis et al. reported that a significantly increased incidence of hepatic neoplastic nodules in female rats and a significantly increased incidence of hepatic adenofibrosis in both male and female rats were induced by the chronic ingestion of chloroform [15].
  • Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E, 400×) of liver sections.
    • katherine-medina
       
      The liver literally changed between the two groups.
  • . We suppose that the primary differences between the competitive swimmers and non-competitive swimmers are training intensity and frequency, not the pool water.
    • katherine-medina
       
      An interesting theory, but I wonder if it has been proved.
  • The first three principal components (PCs) explain 57.3% of the total variance of the raw data and are sufficient to present the differences between the EG and the CG
  • In Fig. 3, we can see that the majority of the differences between the EG and the CG are explained by PC 1 and PC 3.
  • which suggests that the 12-week swimming training in chlorinated water induced a significant change in the metabolic profiles of the experimental group rats.
  • As an antioxidant, taurine can directly scavenge hypochlorous acid (HClO) and prevents changes in membrane permeability due to oxidative impairment
  • The duration period from the entry into water until the rats reached exhaustion was significantly shorter for the EG rats compared with the CG rats (29.74±11.50 vs. 39.15±9.85 minutes, p<0.05)
    • katherine-medina
       
      Rats in chlorine swam ten minutes less on average.
  • Chlorine is a necessary element for our bodies, and nontoxic.
    • katherine-medina
       
      I did not know that.
  • In summary, the 12-week swimming training in chlorinated pool water did induce some disease symptoms, an impairment of training effects and a significant change in the metabolic profiles, although the growth and behaviors of the experimental animals were not affected
  • Thus, the eyes and skin might be the organs that require greater attention for permanent damage.
  • Symptoms found in the liver and lung sections indicate that the liver is most likely the most possible target organ of DBPs, and training intensity, training frequency and water choking may be the primary factors for lung damage induced by swimming, instead of chlorination. The result of the swimming capacity test showed that training effects were significant affected by chlorinated water through perturbing the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
  •  
    A really cool article about how chlorine can affect the bodies of mice. (An article I will never be able to forget about due to it being similar to my situation.)
  •  
    A really cool article about how chlorine can affect the bodies of mice. (An article I will never be able to forget about due to it being similar to my situation.)
katherine-medina

Placebo-Controlled Clomipramine Trial for the Treatment of Feather Picking Disorder in ... - 0 views

  • Three of the 11 birds improved, and side effects were rare
    • katherine-medina
       
      Why only three birds?
  • 7 A Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erythacus) was also treated for feather picking and self-mutilation with clomipramine (4 mg/kg PO q 12 hours), which resulted in an increase in appetite and paradoxical anxiety.28 The dose was ultimately increased (9.5 mg/kg PO q 12 hours), and buspirone (0.5 mg/kg PO q 24 hours) was eventually added. Feather regrowth occurred, and feather picking was adequately controlled 3 months after the final dosage adjustment.
  • Eight of 11 birds treated with clomipramine were considered improved by 6 weeks
    • katherine-medina
       
      Cool
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • There was no significant correlation between duration of feather picking and reduction in time spent preening from baseline to 6 weeks for the clomipraminetreated birds (r=0.314; P=0.174
  • Clomipramine-treated birds had significantly greater improvement at 6 weeks than at 3 weeks (z= −1.897; P=0.029). Of the eight clomipramine-treated birds that were improved at 6 weeks, seven of them began to improve at 3 weeks.
    • katherine-medina
       
      I do find the results of this experiment interesting as far as the variability of the experiment. It does make me think that clomipramine does not work as well as one might think.
  • One bird that received clomipramine (case no. 11) was worse at 6 weeks, according to both the caregiver and the clinician
  • Approximately 64% of birds treated with clomipramine improved, but only 36% were judged to have substantial improvement.
  • However, the shortest duration of feather picking for birds in this study was 2 months (case no. 10), and this bird’s signs were the only ones to completely resolve during the trial.
  • Self-injurious behaviors in humans, including such varied conditions as trichotillomania, skin picking,
    • katherine-medina
       
      Maybe one of the reasons for the bird's self mutilation is due to some outside factor.
  • However, results of this trial suggest that clomipramine, at doses higher than those typically used in mammals, may be useful in the treatment regime for feather picking disease in some species of psittacine birds.
    • katherine-medina
       
      I wonder if there is any course of treatment that is similar to clomipramine, but has a higher solution rate.
  •  
    An article showing that clomipramime can help birds with feather plucking problems. (the results were a little bit over 50% of birds responded to the treatment.)
katherine-medina

(1) Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites Synergize the Activity of Commercial A... - 1 views

  •  
    An article showing how different polyphenols can enhance antibiotics.
katherine-medina

Sci-Hub | Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate fruit constituents against dr... - 0 views

    • katherine-medina
       
      The peel extracts exhibited greater antimycobacterial activity (MIC 64-1024 mg/mL) than the potable juice (MIC 256 -41024 mg/mL). Cool an early answer,
    • katherine-medina
       
      "exhibited estrogen-like activity" Why does it act like that, and that is crazy.
    • katherine-medina
       
      I think that the Hodge tests will be something important for me to look into as I go further and further down the road of polyphenolic study.
  •  
    An interesting article that basically shows that pomegranate polyphenols can kill bacteria.
katherine-medina

Effects of experimental increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 on feather growth rate... - 0 views

  • In mammals, IGF-1 also induces the proliferation of hair follicles and inhibits apoptosis, and therefore helps to keep them longer in the active (so-called anagen) phase and delay their transition to the regressive (catagen) phase
  • while a recently published study indicated a positive relationship between plumage quality, feather vane length and IGF-1 in a passerine species
  • Detailed quantification of the moulting stage was achieved by scoring the moult of the primary wing feathers and tail feathers on a scale of 0–5, using the standard protocol for recording the progress of feather growth as suggested by the British Trust for Ornithology and further described in
    • katherine-medina
       
      I had no idea one could predict when a bird will molt.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • As a result, 2 weeks after treatment, IGF-1-treated birds were in a more advanced stage of moult than controls
    • katherine-medina
       
      Interesting
  • In the longer term, IGF-1 treatment altered the intensity of moult: 2 weeks after treatment, control birds were moulting fewer feathers than at the start of the experiment, while IGF-1-treated birds showed the opposite pattern and increased the number of feathers being moulted simultaneously, albeit with substantial individual variation
  • We manipulated IGF-1 levels using an injection of poly-(lactic-co-glycolid acid) (PLGA) microspheres prepared by S.V.-K. and B.A.G. as described previousl
  • For example, stressors may cause a decrease in circulating IGF-1 levels (Tóth et al., 2018), and it may not be beneficial if that would affect the growth rate or the size of the developing flight feathers.
  • The fact that the growth of the tail feathers was also unaffected by the manipulation is more surprising as they are sexually selected ornaments in this species
    • katherine-medina
       
      Wow, I wonder why it had no effect on the growth of the tail feathers.
  • espite the robust lack of effect on feather growth speed, IGF-1 treatment maintained or even increased the number of feathers moulted simultaneously within 2 weeks, while the number of simultaneously growing feathers dropped in controls within the same period
    • katherine-medina
       
      Cool
  • In contrast to hair, the number of feather follicles that produce wing and tail feathers is small and shows no variation within species
    • katherine-medina
       
      I had no idea.
  • Some species, however, moult several wing and tail feathers simultaneously, which also applies to the bearded reedling
    • katherine-medina
       
      Why do some species of birds molt more feathers at the same time than others.
  • . Protein synthesis in tissues, for example, is partly promoted by and regulated through IGF-1 and this might also be of importance during the growth of feathers, in particular considering the increased demand for proteins during moulting
  • The interaction of corticosterone and IGF-1 has been suggested to predict fitness in growing songbirds (Lodjak et al., 2016). Corticosterone levels are known to have a seriously detrimental effect on growing feathers
    • katherine-medina
       
      How does corticosterone and IGF-1 interact?
  •  
    A study about the effect of insulin on the growth of feathers.
Sean Nash

Shining the Light on Baby Crabs | Hakai Magazine - 2 views

  •  
    I added this one, which includes detail of an environmental study, to illustrate how creative use of everyday materials can sometimes work to design scientific methods that work!
katherine-medina

Native language differences in the structural connectome of the human brain - ScienceDi... - 1 views

  • elations (Friederici, 2011; Wilson et al., 2011). In this network, BA44 dominates syntactic processing while the IFS supports the processing of syntactic dependency relations in sentences
  • Phonetic information is processed in auditory areas in both hemispheres, and suprasegmental information,
  • dominant stem plus affix word
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • In particular, left BA 44
  • und morphemes
  • This suggests that Arabic language processing is also driven by the core language systems built in the IFG, posterior temporal, and IPL regions. In addition, cross-linguistic electrophysiological comparisons of Arabic and Spanis
  • electrophysiological
  • 2.6. Statistics
  • and suggests that white matter plasticity in brain structure coincides with specific cognitive functions and processing demands of life-long use of a particular language. Thus, our findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent white matter organization and adaptation in the human brain
  • (Malik-Moraleda et al.,
  • Native speakers of Semitic languages may rely more on regions for spatial cognition in the right hemisphere
  • .4. Di
  • Additionally, social cognitive and affective processes and other non-linguistic factors may also lead to differences in the brain. In particular, cultural values such as individualism and collectivism have been shown to influence brain function.
  •  
    How primary languages affect the brain (Arabic & German)
  •  
    You will definitely want to use more than one tag when you save. Use all keywords, and be sure to click a few of the tags from the group dictionary that come up when you click to save to the HSR2023 group.
1 - 12 of 12
Showing 20 items per page