Group items tagged

plasticity, the ongoing process by which the complex networks and connections between neurons are wired and rewired during development and to support learning, memory, cognition, and motor function.

high levels of norepinephrine, the microglia became inactive and were unable to respond to local injuries and pulled back from their role in rewiring brain networks.

In particular, left BA 44

und morphemes

This suggests that Arabic language processing is also driven by the core language systems built in the IFG, posterior temporal, and IPL regions. In addition, cross-linguistic electrophysiological comparisons of Arabic and Spanis

electrophysiological

and suggests that white matter plasticity in brain structure coincides with specific cognitive functions and processing demands of life-long use of a particular language. Thus, our findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent white matter organization and adaptation in the human brain

(Malik-Moraleda et al.,

Native speakers of Semitic languages may rely more on regions for spatial cognition in the right hemisphere

.4. Di

Additionally, social cognitive and affective processes and other non-linguistic factors may also lead to differences in the brain. In particular, cultural values such as individualism and collectivism have been shown to influence brain function.

the elevation of total HS and the percentage of the 3-O-sulfated domain in HS.

Experimental design

despite the shutdown of all other body clocks, including the central brain clock, the liver knew what time it was, responded to light changes as day shifted to night and maintained critical functions, such as preparing to digest food at mealtime and converting glucose to energy.

it's easy for people's circadian systems to get confused, he said. In turn, that can lead to depression, allergies, premature aging, cancer and other health problems. Further mice experiments could uncover ways to make human internal clocks "less misaligned,"

n humans, it was reported that filtration of the CSF was beneficial in Guillain-Barré syndrome [

While secretions of 2 days growing 10 or 100 K/mL MSCs in aCSF did not show an increase in PC12 cell viability

The principle of CSF exchange is similar to plasma exchange by plasmapheresis, which is in use for the treatment of autoimmune disorders

significantly suppressed in spleen lymphocytes treated with the enriched-aCSF compared to lymphocytes treated with (unenriched-) aCSF

These results show that the “in/out” enriched-aCSF therapy was the most effective one, affecting both time of onset (EAE-control mice develop the disease at day 10 while the treated mice at day 14 post induction) and disease progression

in vitro and in vivo, has shown that MSCs can promote survival and axonal myelination in sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons and may be effective in non-inflammatory models of demyelination [

MSCs transplantation alone has been applied and tested with strong indications of beneficial effects in animal models of MS [22,23,24,25], stroke [26,27], traumatic brain injury [28], PD [29], schizophrenia, and autism

our approach of CSF exchange therapy could be beneficial for fully developed neurological diseases through a repeated application of the proposed CSF exchange protocol

5. Conclusions

which is expressed by one cell in the synapse and binds to proteins known as neuroligins on the other cell in the synapse,

autoantibodies is important for improving symptom control

He was surprised to find almost no literature on blinking behavior in active humans even though under extreme conditions like motor racing or cycling

Nishizono and colleagues mounted eye trackers on the helmets of three drivers and had them drive three Formula circuits

Where the drivers blinked was surprisingly predictable, the team found. The drivers had a shared pattern of blinking that had a strong connection with acceleration, such that drivers tended not to blink while changing speed or direction — like while on a curve in the track — but did blink while on relatively safer straightaways.

“We think of blinking as this nothing behavior,” he says, “but it’s not just wiping the eyes. Blinking is a part of our visual system.”

Nishizono next wants to explore what processes in the brain allow or inhibit blinking in a given moment, he says, and is also interested in how blinking behavior varies among the general population.

γ rays

This review specifically focuses a current understanding on the dietary sources of polyphenols and their protective effects including mechanisms of action against various major human diseases.

ROS when increased or excessively produced can cause oxidative changes/damages to all cellular macromolecules

Several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) aid in the removal of free radicals

Peroxynitrite can also destroy lipoproteins and causes lipid peroxidation of cell membranes

ROS can also affect protein synthesis and protein functions. Protein oxidation can result in amino acid modifications

Flavonoids are further classified into different subgroups based on their structures such as flavan-3-ols (examples: catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin), isoflavones (examples: genistein, genistin, daidzenin, daidzin, biochanin A, formononetin), flavones (examples: luteolin, apigenin, chrysin), flavonones (examples: hesperetin, naringenin), flavonols (examples: quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, fisetin, myricetin), flavononol (example: taxifolin), flavylium salts (examples: cyanidin, cyanin, pelargonidin), and flavanones (examples: hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, isosakuranetin)

urther, OS exerts deleterious effects on DNA leading to the formation of DNA lesions, which can result in genomic instability and consequently lead to cell death.

Polyphenols are found naturally in fruits and vegetables such as cereals, pulses, dried legumes, spinach, tomatoes, beans, nuts, peppermint, cinnamon, pears, cherries, oranges, apples, red wine, tea, cocoa, coffee and so on (Arts and Hollman, 2005; Scalbert et al., 2005). Polyphenols are classified into different groups depending on the number of aromatic (phenolic) rings they contain and the structural elements that connect these rings. They are broadly grouped into phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and lignans

Dietary supplements containing elevated amounts of flavonoids from strawberries, lettuce, or blueberries aid in the reversal of age-related discrepancies in the brain and behavioral control in aged rats

Tea catechins

OS can be the primary or secondary reason for various CVDs. Preclinical evidence support that OS is linked to a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemia, stroke, cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertension, as well as congestive heart failure

Dietary flavonoids may reduce endothelial disorders linked with various risk factors for atherosclerosis before plaque creation

The polyphenols of Hibiscus sabdariffa weaken diabetic nephropathy in terms of serum lipid profile and kidney oxidative markers

. Studies suggest that a diet that includes regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (rich in polyphenols such as catechins, resveratrol, ellagic acid, naringenin, quercetin etc.) significantly lowers the risk of developing many cancers.

Black tea polyphenols like EGCG, theaflavins and thearubigins have potent anticancer properties

Increased OS may lead to the vulnerability of the infection and also triggers the malfunctioning of cellular metabolism