About 1450
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Internet History Sourcebooks - 0 views
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End of Rome, Early Christian Church, Byzantium, Crusades, Empire & Papacy, Medieval Church, Economic Life in Medieval Europe, Intellectual Life in Medieval Europe, Jewish Life in Medieval Europe. All very good descriptions, but the reading level is quite high
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Christian Art - 1 views
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Medival website with topics people, castles, weapons, battles, clothing, knights, music, swords, food, life, kings, crusades, architecture, and more.
What is the significance of Jerusalem to Christians and Muslims? | IMEU - 0 views
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The Renaissance at mrdowling.com - 3 views
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Renaissance is a French word that means "rebirth."
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beginning of modern history.
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flowering in literature
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painting, sculpture, and architecture. Paintings became more realistic and focused less often on religious topics.
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began in northern Italy
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Arab scholars preserved the writings of the ancient Greeks in their libraries. When the Italian cities traded with the Arabs, ideas were exchanged along with goods. These ideas, preserved from the ancient past, served as the basis of the Renaissance.
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William Shakespeare.
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Crusaders returned to Europe with a newfound understanding of the world.
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The invention of the printing press encouraged literacy and helped to spread new ideas.
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Wealthy families and the church had amassed enough wealth to become patrons.
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The development of financial techniques such as bookkeeping and credit allowed merchants to
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prosper
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studying the world around them.
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A Turk is a person from Modern Turkey. They divide the European/Christian world from the Middle East and Asia (Arab/Islamic)
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The reason why Europeans all the sudden are now curious and are now investigating the world around them is that after the black death and the crusades, people became more humanist and farther away from religion, so this causes two things: First, religion was keeping others from wondering what everything is, (since religion would make an answer for the questions people had,) keeping everyone together in one place. Second, Christianity at that time had a pretty bad relationship with Muslims, so now that people aren't letting their Religion tell them what to do, people will go past those religious laws for the sack of curiosity.
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So, who do we thank for saving the knowledge of Ancient Greece and Rome? Who helped make our world?
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What does the word Patron mean? Look it up. How did art change? How did MONEY impact society?
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A Patron is like an EMPLOYER they pay you with MONEY as compared to an item or land to do a task
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Here we have four causes. What do they really say is happening? In your own words.
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Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art. Artists advanced the Renaissance style of showing nature and depicting the feelings of people.
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Crusaders returned to Europe with a newfound understanding of the world. The invention of the printing press encouraged literacy and helped to spread new ideas. Wealthy families and the church had amassed enough wealth to become patrons. The development of financial techniques such as bookkeeping and credit allowed merchants to prosper
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Replaced illuminated manuscripts. Took much less time to use printing press, which means, more books and ideas could be spread -
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If the Middle Ages are sometimes called the "DARK AGES", why is the Phrase "DAWN of a New Age" so important?
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I think the "DAWN" means that the "New Age" is going to be a better and nicer time for people and the world will be calmer that before -
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Since the dark ages are now over, and now it's the "DAWN" of a new age, this could imply that, the "DARK AGES," was the night/hibernation of technology and/or knowledge and information, and now that it is now the "DAWN," we could infer that this could mean that technology and knowledge, are awakening.
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I think "DAWN" probably means the beginning of change in Europe. Everything from art to government transforms into new ideas for a new era.
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The Siege of Kaffa and the Black Death - History in an HourHistory in an Hour - 0 views
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Between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death raged through Medieval Europe. Historians and biologists have traced the origins of this deadly pandemic to the remote steppes of Central Asia. Plague had certainly erupted there by 1331 but how exactly did it spread from East to West? After ravaging Central Asia, the plague descended on China, India and Persia. In China alone, the plague killed around half of the human population. Despite such destruction, commercial activities continued unabated. This meant that the traders, their vessels and the rats aboard became the agents of infection. As they travelled along the established trade routes of the medieval world, they unwittingly carried the plague with them.
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For several years, the Mongols had allowed a group of merchants from Genoa to control Kaffa, a bustling seaport on the Crimean Peninsula. This was highly advantageous for the Mongols as it provided a direct link to Italy’s largest commercial centre and encouraged trade across all corners of their vast empire. Tensions and disagreements, however, were a common feature of this commercial relationship, arising primarily from their religious differences; the Italians were devoutly Christian and the Mongols had been practising Muslims since the 1200s.
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‘This Pestilential Disease’
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“Whereupon the Tartars (Mongols), worn out by this pestilential disease, and falling on all sides as if thunderstruck, and seeing that they were perishing hopelessly, ordered the corpses to be placed upon their engines and thrown into the city of Kaffa. Accordingly were the bodies of the dead hurled over the walls, so that the Christians were not able to hide or protect themselves from this danger, although they carried away as many as possible and threw them into the sea.”
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summer of 1347, the Italian merchants headed to their ships and the fled the city of Kaffa. En route, however, the Italians stopped at Constantinople, inadvertently infecting the city. Thousands of people were killed, including Andronikos, the son of the Greek Emperor, John VI Cantacuzenos. Those who were able fled the city, many not realising that they were already infected. By the autumn, the western coast of Asia Minor was experiencing the full force of the Black Death and it would not be long before returned home to infect their native Italy.
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The Exploration and Conquest of the New World | Boundless US History - 0 views
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In 1492, Christopher Columbus, supported by the Spanish government, undertook a voyage to find a new route to Asia and inadvertently encountered “new” lands in the Americas full of long established communities and cultures.
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Jacques Cartier undertook a voyage to present-day Canada for the French government, where they began the settlement of New France, developing the fur industry and fostering a more respectful relationship with many of the inhabitants.
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Spanish conquistadors invaded areas of Central and South America looking for riches, ultimately destroying the powerful Aztec and Inca cultures.
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deeply affected by the invaders’ interactions with indigenous groups—interactions that, through a combination of violence and disease, resulted in massive declines in indigenous populations.
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The Spanish Empire
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Colonial expansion under the Spanish Empire was initiated by the Spanish conquistadors and developed by the Monarchy of Spain through its administrators and missionaries.
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motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Christian faith through indigenous conversions.
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The Exploration and Conquest of the New World
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Major French exploration of North America began under the rule of Francis I, King of France. In 1524,
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A major French settlement lay on the island of Hispaniola, where France established the colony of Saint-Domingue on the western third of the island in 1664.
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Shortly after Columbus’ first voyage to the New World, the British Empire funded an exploratory mission of its own led by John Cabot. Cabot explored the North American continent,
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Upon the death of Christopher Columbus,
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Illuminated Manuscripts - Ancient History Encyclopedia - 4 views
www.ancient.eu/Illuminated_Manuscripts
illuminated manuscripts europe middle ages maq6 religion and art catholic church
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Illuminated manuscripts were hand-made books, usually on Christian scripture or practice, produced in Western Europe between c. 500-c. 1600 CE. They are so called because of the use of gold and silver which illuminates the text and accompanying illustrations.
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Hand-made illuminated manuscripts were initially produced by monks in abbeys but, as they became more popular, production became commercialized and was taken over by secular book-makers. Illuminated manuscripts were quite costly to produce and only those of significant means could afford them. The most popular type was the Book of Hours which was a Christian devotional of prayers to be said at certain times throughout the day. More Books of Hours have survived than any other work of the period simply because more of them were produced. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in c. 1440 CE signaled the beginning of the end of hand-made books generally and illuminated manuscripts specifically.
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History of St. Patrick's Day - HISTORY - 1 views
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Saint Patrick, who lived during the fifth century, is the patron saint and national apostle of Ireland. Born in Roman Britain, he was kidnapped and brought to Ireland as a slave at the age of 16. He later escaped, but returned to Ireland and was credited with bringing Christianity to its people. In the centuries following Patrick’s death (believed to have been on March 17, 461), the mythology surrounding his life became ever more ingrained in the Irish culture:
THe Spread of Christianity - 0 views
Spread of Christianity - 1 views
Rome - The Spread of Christianity - 0 views
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The Galileo Project | Christianity | The Inquisition - 0 views
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The inquisitor questioned the accused in the presence of at least two witnesses.
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Penalties went from visits to churches, pilgrimages, and wearing the cross of infamy to imprisonment
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death
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Death was by burning at the stake
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In 1231, Pope Gregory IX published a decree which called for life imprisonment with salutary penance for the heretic who had confessed and repented and capital punishment for those who persisted. The secular authorities were to carry out the execution.
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The accused had to testify against himself/herself and not have the right to face and question his/her accuser.
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Protestant Reformation - Theopedia, an encyclopedia of Biblical Christianity - 0 views
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"The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
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"In 1517, in one of the signal events of western history, Martin Luther, a German Augustinian monk, posted 95 theses on a church door in the university town of Wittenberg.
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Reading Guide: Sacraments of the Church - 0 views
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eucharist
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Lord himself instituted this sacrament with wine mixed with water
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.since it is written that both blood and water flowed from Christ's side
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union of Christian people with Christ, for water signifies 'people,' and... 'in the wine is manifested the blood of Christ'
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Martin Luther Biography - 0 views
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His parents were from peasant stock, but had high ambitions for their intelligent, eldest son
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Bachelors and Masters degrees in Theology. He was in his first year of Law School in Erfurt when an incident occurred that would change the course of European history.
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Two weeks later, Luther joined the Augustinian Order in Erfurt; his father was furious.
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Many Christians of the late Middle Ages had a great fear of demons and devils, and were terrified of ending up in hell. Mortality rates were high and life was very uncertain due to disease, accidents, childbirth and wars. Luther shared those fears and his first years in the monastery he was tormented with the idea that all men were hopeless sinners in the sight of God and unworthy of salvation.
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reason, he was sent to teach theology at the University of Erfurt, and in 1511, at the University of Wittenberg, where he received his Doctorate in Theology. In Wittenberg he was also the parish priest assigned to minister to the citizens of the town.
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A major source of church funding during this period was the sale of indulgences. An indulgence was a "get out of purgatory card" that could be obtained for oneself or others by paying a certain sum to the church.
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The Pope was selling offices and indulgences to get money for an ambitious building program which included the construction of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome. The Pope's representative, the Dominican Father Tetzel, encouraged people to buy the indulgences with the jingle, "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings The soul from Purgatory springs"
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telling them their loved ones were crying out to be released from suffering.
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He was shocked by the lack of morality and piety of the local clergy and by the luxurious lifestyle of the Pope Leo X, a member of the Medici family. Pope Leo was known for his expensive tastes and was fond of hunting, gambling and carnivals. The papacy was at a low point in its history and others had been calling out for reform prior to Luther.
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He came to the conclusion there was no evidence in the Bible for believing the Pope had power to release souls from Purgatory.
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He wrote out a list of his objections to the practice; he named 95 issues he wished to dispute.
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On October 31, 1517, Luther nailed his ninety-five theses, or points of discussion, on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The document was in Latin and invited other scholars to debate the statements set out.
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The 95 Theses were translated into German and widely distributed throughout Germany, courtesy of the printing press.
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There is no question, however, that Luther wrote the list and sent a copy of it to Prince Albert of Mainz.
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The reaction of the Church initially was to try and suppress the attack on indulgences by suppressing Martin Luther.
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The protest against the indulgences set off a conflagration which, step by step, resulted in most of Northern Europe breaking away from the authority of the Catholic Church.
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It was clear by this time that there could be no coming together on these issues, since the very authority of the Pope was called into question.
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The Church did act to curb the worst abuses of indulgences, but it was too late.
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Luther was given safe conduct to attend the meeting and defend his positions. At the Diet of Worms, Luther was shown a table with a pile of his books and other writings. He was offered the opportunity to recant, but refused. Luther's reply was written down as he spoke it: "Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reason -- I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other -- my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen." The printed document released after the Diet of Worms also contained the famous words, "Here I stand, I can do no other."
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but he was now considered an outlaw.
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declaring Luther a heretic and ordering his death.
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He spent nearly a year there, writing furiously and fighting depression and numerous physical ailments. It was in a small study in the castle in 1522 that he translated the New Testament from Greek into German and profoundly influenced the form and standardization of the German language.
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Maybe one of the most important ideas. He gave the people the bible in the local language, so more people could read what the bible said...not have someone tell them. See this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible#Surviving_copies
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in Luther's absence numerous leaders had sprung up, each with his own interpretation of doctrine, and most having far more radical views than Luther.
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Priests wore ordinary clothing and grew their hair, services were performed in German, monks and nuns were leaving the cloisters and getting married. Some groups were smashing images and statues in the churches and dragging priests away from the altars.
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He convinced a couple of the more radical preachers to stop preaching or leave town.
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twelve who had been smuggled out in herring barrels.
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However, he impulsively announced he was marrying Katharina von Bora, to the great surprise of his friends.
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Many were inspired by Martin Luther's challenge to the authority of the Church to challenge the secular powers as well.
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Martin Luther wrote an appeal to the aristocrats to restore order by force.
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Both sides were angry with Luther: the nobles blamed him for stirring up the people and the peasants blamed him for encouraging the nobles to use violence against them.
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Luther wrote to and met with other leaders of the Reformation, such as Zwingli, to try and produce a unified statement of belief for the reformed church, but nothing came out of it because they were not able to agree on many of the doctrinal issues.
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Humanism at mrdowling.com - 1 views
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human innovation instead of spiritualism.
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So a Humanist put faith in humans to solve the problems of this world. They did not wait for G-d to solve them. A Humanist believes in Humans to do great things.
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recreated classical styles in art, literature, and architecture.
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believed in reason. Reason is the ability to think logically
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alued human experience and believed in the dignity and worth of the individual.
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often devout Christians,
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Today we refer to the study of literature, philosophy and art as the humanities.
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Yes, question the world. Try to understand why things happen. You are right on...keep thinking.
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they could better understand people and the world
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classics – the works of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
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"To each species of creature has been allotted a peculiar and instinctive gift. To horses galloping, to birds flying, comes naturally. To man only is given the desire to learn."
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investigation of nature
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promotion of secular, or non-religious values, often put them at odds with the church.
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Spanish Inquisition 1478 - 0 views
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Christianity was the most widespread faith. Jews for a variety of reasons , most if the religious, and say the Spanish Inquisition as a means of controlling the Jewish population , removing the actual source of the problem.
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Middle Ages and Impact of Religion essays - 1 views
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1. There are 3 main faiths that all impacted the lives people and the reality of institutions and governments, Christianity.
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