parks, as well as erosion prevention, weed abatement and habitat creation, but how do these programs work?
Earth911 sat down with Jaime Souza of Keep Truckee Meadows Beautiful (KTMB), which heads up a Christmas tree recycling
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2D in Blender 2.6 - Tutorial (Part 1) | ALBINAL - Animation / Illustration / Stuff : Br... - 39 views
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Here’s some links if you’re just starting out; Blender Tutorials / 47 Amazing Blender Tutorials / BlenderNation / Blender Artists
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To enable the add-on go to File > User Preferences and select the Addons tab. Click on import-Export in the left menu and then choose Import images as planes. Put a check in the box in the top right next to the funny man.
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Close the User Preferences Window. Then choose File > Import > Images as Planes If you are importing several images then put a check in All in directory. Change the extension drop-down if necessary. Then, for images like mine with a transparent background put checks in Shadeless, Use alpha and Premultiply. Put one more check in Use image dimensions if you want to keep them the same size.
Keeping the Beat! » Blog Archive » Provoking Learning with ICT - 12 August 2013 - 24 views
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The Mindset List: 2017 List - 89 views
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As their parents held them as infants, they may have wondered whether it was the baby or Windows 95 that had them more excited.
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As they slept safely in their cribs, the Oklahoma City bomber and the Unabomber were doing their deadly work.
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Budget crisis shutters libraries at 2 top schools - Philly.com - 1 views
Five key strategies to get/keep kids engaged at school - 89 views
www.washingtonpost.com/...getkeep-kids-engaged-at-school
engaged classroom management students Education
shared by Chris Pirkl on 14 Nov 13
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Shift to the Future: Why BYOT? - 6 views
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Right now, too many teachers are using technology in this more simplified, lower level way. Instead, we need to be pushing students more to make predictions and take their thinking a step further. I wonder if we, teachers, are pushing ourselves when it comes to thinking or are we simply teaching the same old, same old in the ways we learned eons ago...
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I was meeting with a teacher this week who had a wonderful lesson using a few websites to ID European countries and find information about each country. There was a wee bit of critical thinking added into the mix of the assignment but I was still 'hungry for more' and feeling the need to nudge him and his students to the next level. The green highlighted information is sort of what I was looking for to nudge him onward with in his lesson.
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On Academic Labor » CounterPunch: Tells the Facts, Names the Names - 24 views
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we should put aside any idea that there was once a “golden age.” Things were different and in some ways better in the past, but far from perfect
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And I think those are the kinds of things we should be moving towards: a democratic institution, in which the people involved in the institution, whoever they may be (faculty, students, staff), participate in determining the nature of the institution and how it runs; and the same should go for a factory
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There are more and more professional administrators, layer after layer of them, with more and more positions being taken remote from the faculty controls
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In a reasonably functioning university, you find people working all the time because they love it; that’s what they want to do; they’re given the opportunity, they have the resources, they’re encouraged to be free and independent and creative—what’s better?
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Calls from Washington for streamlined regulation and emerging models | Inside Higher Ed - 0 views
www.insidehighered.com/...regulation-and-emerging-models
higher ed higher regulation competency based innovation accreditation
shared by Maureen Greenbaum on 02 Nov 13
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flow of federal financial aid to a wide range of course providers, some of which look nothing like colleges.
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give state regulators a new option to either act as accreditors or create their own accreditation systems.
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any new money for those emerging models would likely come out of the coffers of traditional colleges.
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cut back on red tape that prevents colleges from experimenting with ways to cut prices and boost student learning.
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regional accreditors are doing a fairly good job. They are under enormous pressure to keep “bad actors” at bay while also encouraging experimentation. And he said accreditors usually get it right.
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Andrew Kelly, however, likes Lee’s idea. Kelly, who is director of the American Enterprise Institute’s Center on Higher Education Reform, said it would create a credible alternative to the existing accreditation system, which the bill would leave intact.
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“Accreditation could also be available to specialized programs, individual courses, apprenticeships, professional credentialing and even competency-based tests,”
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broad, bipartisan agreement that federal aid policies have not kept pace with new approaches to higher education.
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expansion of competency-based education. And he said the federal rules governing financial aid make it hard for colleges to go big with those programs.
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accreditors is that they favor the status quo, in part because they are membership organizations of academics that essentially practice self-regulation.
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“The technology has reached the point where it really can improve learning,” he said, adding that “it can lower the costs.”
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changes to the existing accreditation system that might make it easier for competency-based and other emerging forms of online education to spread.
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offering competency-based degrees through a process called direct assessment, which is completely de-coupled from the credit-hour standard.
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Memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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Encoding of working memory involves the spiking of individual neurons induced by sensory input, which persists even after the sensory input disappears (Jensen and Lisman 2005; Fransen et al. 2002). Encoding of episodic memory involves persistent changes in molecular structures that alter synaptic transmission between neurons. Examples of such structural changes include long-term potentiation (LTP) or spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The persistent spiking in working memory can enhance the synaptic and cellular changes in the encoding of episodic memory (Jensen and Lisman 2005).
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Recent functional imaging studies detected working memory signals in both medial temporal lobe (MTL), a brain area strongly associated with long-term memory, and prefrontal cortex (Ranganath et al. 2005), suggesting a strong relationship between working memory and long-term memory. However, the substantially more working memory signals seen in the prefrontal lobe suggest that this area play a more important role in working memory than MTL (Suzuki 2007).
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Consolidation and reconsolidation. Short-term memory (STM) is temporary and subject to disruption, while long-term memory (LTM), once consolidated, is persistent and stable. Consolidation of STM into LTM at the molecular level presumably involves two processes: synaptic consolidation and system consolidation. The former involves a protein synthesis process in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), whereas the latter transforms the MTL-dependent memory into an MTL-independent memory over months to years (Ledoux 2007). In recent years, such traditional consolidation dogma has been re-evaluated as a result of the studies on reconsolidation. These studies showed that prevention after retrieval affects subsequent retrieval of the memory (Sara 2000). New studies have shown that post-retrieval treatment with protein synthesis inhibitors and many other compounds can lead to an amnestic state (Nadel et al. 2000b; Alberini 2005; Dudai 2006). These findings on reconsolidation fit with the behavioral evidence that retrieved memory is not a carbon copy of the initial experiences, and memories are updated during retrieval.
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Physical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.
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At the Center for Cognitive Science at Ohio State University, researchers have found that memory accuracy of adults is hurt by the fact that they know more, and have more experience than children, and tend to apply all this knowledge when learning new information. The findings appeared in the August 2004 edition of the journal Psychological Science.
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Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information[59] and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information. Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.[60]
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Methods to optimize memorization[edit] Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time. In contrast to this is cramming which is intensive memorization in a short period of time. Also relevant is the Zeigarnik effect which states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. The so-called Method of loci uses spatial memory to memorize non-spatial information.[72]
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A Peek Into the Future: What College Will Be Like in 10 Years - WSJ.com - 51 views
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the learning experience students receive will probably be fundamentally different from the one they get today.
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online classes that let students learn at their own pace, drawing on materials from schools across the country—not just a single professor and a hefty textbook.
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Traditionally, schools have been judged by how many prospective students they turn away, not by how many competent graduates they churn out.
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s new technologies seep into the classroom, it will be easier to measure what students actually learn. That will "make universities more accountable for what they produce," Dr. Crow says.
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The Classroom In the near future, professors will run their courses over digital platforms capable of collecting data on each student's progress. These platforms were initially developed for massive open online courses, or MOOCs. However, universities are now folding these platforms back into their traditional classes because they make it easier to share content, host discussions and keep track of student work. A professor might still "teach" a class, but most of the interaction will happen online.If professors and students do meet in a physical classroom, it will be to review material, work through problems or drill down on discussion topics. Scenes like John Houseman lecturing to an auditorium full of students in "The Paper Chase" will be a thing of the past.
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Role and Function of Theory in Online Education Development and Delivery - 3 views
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According to Bonk and Reynolds (1997), to promote higher-order thinking on the Web, online learning must create challenging activities that enable learners to link new information to old, acquire meaningful knowledge, and use their metacognitive abilities; hence, it is the instructional strategy and not the technology tha
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According to Bonk and Reynolds (1997), to promote higher-order thinking on the Web, online learning must create challenging activities that enable learners to link new information to old, acquire meaningful knowledge, and use their metacognitive abilities; hence, it is the instructional strategy and not the technology that influences the quality of learning.
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However, it is not the computer per se that makes students learn, but the design of the real-life models and simulations, and the students' interaction with those models and simulations. The computer is merely the vehicle that provides the processing capability and delivers the instruction to learners (Clark, 2001).
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Online learning allows for flexibility of access, from anywhere and usually at anytime—essentially, it allows participants to collapse time and space (Cole, 2000)—however, the learning materials must be designed properly to engage the learner and promote learning.
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Cognitive psychology claims that learning involves the use of memory, motivation, and thinking, and that reflection plays an important part in learning.
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The development of effective online learning materials should be based on proven and sound learning theories.
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Early computer learning systems were designed based on a behaviorist approach to learning. The behaviorist school of thought, influenced by Thorndike (1913), Pavlov (1927), and Skinner (1974), postulates that learning is a change in observable behavior caused by external stimuli in the environment (Skinner, 1974).
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Therefore, before any learning materials are developed, educators must, tacitly or explicitly, know the principles of learning and how students learn.
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Constructivist theorists claim that learners interpret information and the world according to their personal reality, and that they learn by observation, processing, and interpretation, and then personalize the information into personal knowledge (Cooper, 1993; Wilson, 1997).
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The design of online learning materials can include principles from all three. According to Ertmer and Newby (1993), the three schools of thought can in fact be used as a taxonomy for learning. Behaviorists' strategies can be used to teach the “what” (facts), cognitive strategies can be used to teach the “how” (processes and principles), and constructivist strategies can be used to teach the “why” (higher level thinking that promotes personal meaning and situated and contextual learning).
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The behaviorist school sees the mind as a “black box,” in the sense that a response to a stimulus can be observed quantitatively, totally ignoring the effect of thought processes occurring in the mind.
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Learners should be told the explicit outcomes of the learning so that they can set expectations and can judge for themselves whether or not they have achieved the outcome of the online lesson. 2. Learners must be tested to determine whether or not they have achieved the learning outcome. Online testing or other forms of testing and assessment should be integrated into the learning sequence to check the learner's achievement level and to provide appropriate feedback. 3. Learning materials must be sequenced appropriately to promote learning. The sequencing could take the form of simple to complex, known to unknown, and knowledge to application. 4. Learners must be provided with feedback so that they can monitor how they are doing and take corrective action if required.
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Cognitivists see learning as an internal process that involves memory, thinking, reflection, abstraction, motivation, and meta-cognition.
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Online instruction must use strategies to allow learners to attend to the learning materials so that they can be transferred from the senses to the sensory store and then to working memory.
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Online learning strategies must present the materials and use strategies to enable students to process the materials efficiently.
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Use advance organizers to activate an existing cognitive structure or to provide the information to incorporate the details of the lesson (Ausubel, 1960).
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Use pre-instructional questions to set expectations and to activate the learners' existing knowledge structure.
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Use prerequisite test questions to activate the prerequisite knowledge structure required for learning the new materials.
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To facilitate deep processing, learners should be asked to generate the information maps during the learning process or as a summary activity after the lesson (Bonk & Reynolds, 1997).
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The cognitive school recognizes the importance of individual differences, and of including a variety of learning strategies in online instruction to accommodate those differences
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The Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) (Kolb, 1984) looks at how learners perceive and process information, whereas the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Myers, 1978) uses dichotomous scales to measure extroversion versus introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus perception. In the following discussion, we consider the Kolb Learning Style Inventory.
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Attention: Capture the learners' attention at the start of the lesson and maintain it throughout the lesson. The online learning materials must include an activity at the start of the learning session to connect with the learners. Relevance: Inform learners of the importance of the lesson and how taking the lesson could benefit them. Strategies could include describing how learners will benefit from taking the lesson, and how they can use what they learn in real-life situations. This strategy helps to contextualize the learning and make it more meaningful, thereby maintaining interest throughout the learning session. Confidence: Use strategies such as designing for success and informing learners of the lesson expectations. Design for success by sequencing from simple to complex, or known to unknown, and use a competency-based approach where learners are given the opportunity to use different strategies to complete the lesson. Inform learners of the lesson outcome and provide ongoing encouragement to complete the lesson. Satisfaction: Provide feedback on performance and allow learners to apply what they learn in real-life situations. Learners like to know how they are doing, and they like to contextualize what they are learning by applying the information in real life.
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Online strategies that facilitate the transfer of learning should be used to encourage application in different and real-life situations.
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it is the individual learner's interpretation and processing of what is received through the senses that creates knowledge.
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“the process of using a prior interpretation to construe a new or revised interpretation of the meaning of one's experience in order to guide future action” (p. 12).
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Learning should be an active process. Keeping learners active doing meaningful activities results in high-level processing, which facilitates the creation of personalized meaning. Asking learners to apply the information in a practical situation is an active process, and facilitates personal interpretation and relevance.
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Collaborative and cooperative learning should be encouraged to facilitate constructivist learning (H
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When assigning learners for group work, membership should be based on the expertise level and learning style of individual group members, so that individual team members can benefit from one another's strengths.
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Learning should be made meaningful for learners. The learning materials should include examples that relate to students, so that they can make sense of the information.
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Learning should be interactive to promote higher-level learning and social presence, and to help develop personal meaning. According to Heinich et al. (2002), learning is the development of new knowledge, skills, and attitudes as the learner interacts with information and the environment. Interaction is also critical to creating a sense of presence and a sense of community for online learners, and to promoting transformational learning (Murphy & Cifuentes, 2001). Learners receive the learning materials through the technology, process the information, and then personalize and contextualize the information.
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Behaviorist strategies can be used to teach the facts (what); cognitivist strategies to teach the principles and processes (how); and constructivist strategies to teach the real-life and personal applications and contextual learning. There is a shift toward constructive learning, in which learners are given the opportunity to construct their own meaning from the information presented during the online sessions. The use of learning objects to promote flexibility and reuse of online materials to meet the needs of individual learners will become more common in the future. Online learning materials will be designed in small coherent segments, so that they can be redesigned for different learners and different contexts. Finally, online learning will be increasingly diverse to respond to different learning cultures, styles, and motivations.
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Online instruction occurs when learners use the Web to go through the sequence of instruction, to complete the learning activities, and to achieve learning outcomes and objectives (Ally, 2002; Ritchie & Hoffman, 1997).
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Cool math 4 kids - math games, math puzzles, math lessons - designed for kids and fun! - 80 views
A Danielson Diigo Group - 77 views
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elearnspace. Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age - 17 views
www.elearnspace.org/...connectivism.htm
connectivism MEMOIRE learning elearning theory collaboration technology community
shared by Christophe Gigon on 09 Dec 08
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Over the last twenty years, technology has reorganized how we live, how we communicate, and how we learn.
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I aggree that as teachers we need to realize that technology has changed instruction and the way that our students learn and the way that we learn and instruct.
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Technology has always changed the way we live. How did we respond to changes in the past? One thought is that some institutions, some businesses disappeared, while others, who took advantage of the new tech, appeared to replace the old. It will happen again and we as educators need to lead the way.
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With technology our students brains are wired differently and they can multi-task and learn in multiple virtual environments all at once. This should make us think about how we present lessons, structure learning and keep kids engaged.
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Rubbish. The idea that digital native are adept at multitasking is wrong. They may be doing many things but the quality and depth is reduced. There is a significant body of research to support this. Development of grit and determination are key attributes of successful people. Set and demand high standards. No one plays sport or an instrument because it is easy rather because they can clearly see a link between hard work and pleasure.
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Many learners will move into a variety of different, possibly unrelated fields over the course of their lifetime.
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Connectivism is the integration of principles explored by chaos, network, and complexity and self-organization theories.
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Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions. Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources. Learning may reside in non-human appliances. Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to facilitate continual learning. Ability to see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts is a core skill. Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) is the intent of all connectivist learning activities. Decision-making is itself a learning process. Choosing what to learn and the meaning of incoming information is seen through the lens of a shifting reality. While there is a right answer now, it may be wrong tomorrow due to alterations in the information climate affecting the decision.
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Classrooms which emulate the “fuzziness”
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John Seely Brown presents an interesting notion that the internet leverages the small efforts of many with the large efforts of few.
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The pipe is more important than the content within the pipe. Our ability to learn what we need for tomorrow is more important than what we know today.
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To combat the shrinking half-life of knowledge, organizations have been forced to develop new methods of deploying instruction.”
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a persisting change in human performance or performance potential…[which] must come about as a result of the learner’s experience and interaction with the world”
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Learning theories are concerned with the actual process of learning, not with the value of what is being learned.
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Chaos is the breakdown of predictability, evidenced in complicated arrangements that initially defy order.
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If the underlying conditions used to make decisions change, the decision itself is no longer as correct as it was at the time it was made.
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principle that people, groups, systems, nodes, entities can be connected to create an integrated whole.
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Learning is a process that occurs within nebulous environments of shifting core elements – not entirely under the control of the individual
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Behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism do not attempt to address the challenges of organizational knowledge and transference.
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The health of the learning ecology of the organization depends on effective nurturing of information flow.
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This cycle of knowledge development (personal to network to organization) allows learners to remain current in their field through the connections they have formed.
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This amplification of learning, knowledge and understanding through the extension of a personal network is the epitome of connectivism.
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An organizations ability to foster, nurture, and synthesize the impacts of varying views of information is critical to knowledge economy surviva
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As knowledge continues to grow and evolve, access to what is needed is more important than what the learner currently possesses.
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JeopardyLabs - Online Jeopardy Template - 30 views
jeopardylabs.com
Teaching_Ideas Language_Arts Social_Studies Science Online_Learning_Environments Fun!
shared by Marc Patton on 10 Feb 09
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Online Jeopardy! Forget using powerpoint! This has already done and make your own jeopardy! It also helps you keep score!
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Have you been using Powerpoint for Jeopardy reviews with your students? Well, you don't have to! Check out this site for Jeopardy templates that you edit and access from anywhere in the world.
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JeopardyLabs allows you to create a customized jeopardy template without PowerPoint. The games you make can be played online from anywhere in the world. Building your own jeopardy template is a piece of cake. Just use our simple editor to get your game up and running. Not interested in building your own jeopardy templates? Well that's cool too. You can browse other jeopardy templates created by other people. It doesn't get any better than this!
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JeopardyLabs allows you to create a customized jeopardy template without PowerPoint. The games you make can be played online from anywhere in the world.
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Flipping the Classroom: A revolutionary approach to learning presents some pros and con... - 73 views
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Teachers need to figure out what they want to get out of a flipped classroom, says Marine City High’s Ming. “What’s the purpose of doing it? Is it because you’re looking for more time in your curriculum to do hands-on activities?” An AP government teacher told Ming the best part of teaching his class was holding class discussions. The flipped classroom helped him get through the material with time to spare for conversation.
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Watching videos also means more sitting in front of devices. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends kids limit “screen time” to two hours a day because too much exposure has been linked to obesity, irregular sleep, behavioral problems, violence, and less time for play.
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Students need to feel as though their teachers are guiding them to the best materials, not merely giving them a list of videos to watch, says Valenza
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“Teachers should keep posing the ‘why,’” says Bob Schuetz, the technology director at Palatine High School in Illinois. “Why am I doing this? Why is it beneficial to students?”
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“The teacher walks around and helps everyone. It’s not a get-out-of-jail-free card for teachers not to teach.” It’s also not a way for kids to get out of doing anything at home. “Flipping what the kid does means they do the work ahead of time, come to class, and debrief,” explains Michelle Luhtala (aka the
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“The end goal is personalized education. The flipped classroom is just a means to that end.” Students can use the videos to learn at their own pace—any time or place, says Roberts. “These students can replay their teacher’s explanation of a new concept as many times as they need to without fear of holding up the rest of the class.”
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a librarian at Bullis School in Potomac, MD, gives students videos, Web pages, and screenshots about the nuts and bolts of the library, which frees up more time to devote to their research projects.
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ure, some kids will ignore the video. “The same kids who don’t currently do their homework will not watch the lecture,” says McCammon. “But as you start making your class more engaging, kids who don’t usually do their homework will start doing it because they want to participate in the class.” Kids write questions down while they’re watching the video, and then the first 10 minutes of class is for discussion of what they’ve seen.
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21 Rules for Social Media Engagement| The Committed Sardine - 30 views
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It’s the devices we employ, the intentions that motivate engagement, and the value we offer that dictate the significance of the brand-specific social graphs we weave. It’s a simple investment in either visibility or presence. In social media, just like in the real world, presence is felt.
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Establish and nurture beneficial relationships online and in the real world as long as doing so is important to your business.