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Luciano Ferrer

Twitter y educación, ejemplos de uso e ideas. También podés colaborar. Por @_... - 0 views

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    1) the ways they currently implement Twitter in their teaching and learning, 2) ideas for future development of Twitter-based assignments and pedagogical practices, and 3) issues concerning the integration of Twitter and other digital media into both traditional and non-traditional pedagogies. Collaborators should feel free to add material to these pages, to comment on existing material, and to share links to relevant external readings and resources. It may be helpful to tag your contributions with your Twitter handle. Collaborators are asked to please respect this space as a forum for open and respectful dialogue and networking. Let's fill up the pages below with great ideas! Share the ways you currently implement Twitter in your teaching and learning: Students in my course New Information Technologies do an "Internet Censorship" project, focused on a specific country. I ask them to follow a journalist who tweets on that country as part of their research to understand the state of Internet freedom in the country they select. -- Lora Since shortly after Twitter was launched, I've experimented with various iterations of "The Twitter Essay," an assignment that has students considering the nature of the "essay" as a medium and how they might do that work within the space of 140 characters. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) In my fully online classes, I've started using Twitter to replace the discussion forum as the central location for student interaction. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) Show Tweets that have gotten people arrested and prompt discussion on whether it is fair that anyone be arrested for any Tweet in the US, who is likely to be arrested for their Tweets, what kinds of Tweets are likely to prompt arrest, etc. Students in my First Year Seminar course "The Irish Imagination: Yeats to Bono" developed a platform for digital annotation of Irish literature. Embedded in their platform was a twitter feed of relevant individuals/groups, m
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    1) the ways they currently implement Twitter in their teaching and learning, 2) ideas for future development of Twitter-based assignments and pedagogical practices, and 3) issues concerning the integration of Twitter and other digital media into both traditional and non-traditional pedagogies. Collaborators should feel free to add material to these pages, to comment on existing material, and to share links to relevant external readings and resources. It may be helpful to tag your contributions with your Twitter handle. Collaborators are asked to please respect this space as a forum for open and respectful dialogue and networking. Let's fill up the pages below with great ideas! Share the ways you currently implement Twitter in your teaching and learning: Students in my course New Information Technologies do an "Internet Censorship" project, focused on a specific country. I ask them to follow a journalist who tweets on that country as part of their research to understand the state of Internet freedom in the country they select. -- Lora Since shortly after Twitter was launched, I've experimented with various iterations of "The Twitter Essay," an assignment that has students considering the nature of the "essay" as a medium and how they might do that work within the space of 140 characters. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) In my fully online classes, I've started using Twitter to replace the discussion forum as the central location for student interaction. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) Show Tweets that have gotten people arrested and prompt discussion on whether it is fair that anyone be arrested for any Tweet in the US, who is likely to be arrested for their Tweets, what kinds of Tweets are likely to prompt arrest, etc. Students in my First Year Seminar course "The Irish Imagination: Yeats to Bono" developed a platform for digital annotation of Irish literature. Embedded in their platform was a twitter feed of relevant individuals/groups, m
Luciano Ferrer

Eleven Ways to Improve Online Classes - 0 views

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    "It has me thinking about what it would mean to improve online classes. A few ideas come to mind: Use multiple platforms. I'm not against using an LMS as a central hub. However, I think it's valuable to experiment with the types of productivity tools you will actually use outside of a classroom. Use Google Docs to share ideas, create surveys, and ask questions. Use Google Hangouts to meet as a group. Go project-based. I haven't figured this out entirely with my first class but my hope is that we can go fully project-based in the same way that my face-to-face class is. In fact, the asynchronous nature of online classes actually means there is a better potential of creating a project-based culture that mirrors the way people actually work on projects. Make something together. I use a collaboration grid with co-creating and communicating on separate spectrums (x-axis) and multimedia and text on another spectrum (y-axis). This has been an effective way to think through collaborative tools that allow students to co-create. Embrace a synchronous/asynchronous blend: I love using Voxer because students can speak back and forth in the moment. However, if they miss it, they can listen to it later. The same is true of using a Google Hangouts On Air. Make it more connective. We tend to treat online instruction as if it is a linear process and we don't do enough to link things back and forth and connect ideas, resources, discussions and content creation in a seamless, back-and-forth nature. Incorporate multimedia. It's a simple idea, but I create a short video at the beginning of each week and I encourage students to create video and audio as well. This has a way of making things more concrete. There's something deeply human about hearing an actual human voice. I know, crazy, right? Go mobile. I don't simply mean use a smart phone. I mean assign some things that allow students to get out in the world and create videos, snap pictures,
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    "It has me thinking about what it would mean to improve online classes. A few ideas come to mind: Use multiple platforms. I'm not against using an LMS as a central hub. However, I think it's valuable to experiment with the types of productivity tools you will actually use outside of a classroom. Use Google Docs to share ideas, create surveys, and ask questions. Use Google Hangouts to meet as a group. Go project-based. I haven't figured this out entirely with my first class but my hope is that we can go fully project-based in the same way that my face-to-face class is. In fact, the asynchronous nature of online classes actually means there is a better potential of creating a project-based culture that mirrors the way people actually work on projects. Make something together. I use a collaboration grid with co-creating and communicating on separate spectrums (x-axis) and multimedia and text on another spectrum (y-axis). This has been an effective way to think through collaborative tools that allow students to co-create. Embrace a synchronous/asynchronous blend: I love using Voxer because students can speak back and forth in the moment. However, if they miss it, they can listen to it later. The same is true of using a Google Hangouts On Air. Make it more connective. We tend to treat online instruction as if it is a linear process and we don't do enough to link things back and forth and connect ideas, resources, discussions and content creation in a seamless, back-and-forth nature. Incorporate multimedia. It's a simple idea, but I create a short video at the beginning of each week and I encourage students to create video and audio as well. This has a way of making things more concrete. There's something deeply human about hearing an actual human voice. I know, crazy, right? Go mobile. I don't simply mean use a smart phone. I mean assign some things that allow students to get out in the world and create videos, snap pictures,
Luciano Ferrer

Conflict-Free And Easy To Repair, The Fairphone Is The World's Most Ethical Phone | Co.... - 0 views

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    "The Fairphone is a modular handset designed with repairability and ethical sourcing of its materials as headline features. It sold 60,000 units. Amazingly, for what sounds like a nerd-phone, almost half of those buyers had never owned a smartphone before. Now the Fairphone 2 is launching, and with a totally-new, in-house design. The new phone is even easier to repair, and because it was wholly designed by the FairPhone team, its supply chain is even more responsible than ever. The Fairphone is thicker than the latest iPhone or Samsung flagship, but that's the point. Instead of packing everything into a tiny case and keeping it there with glue, the Fairphone is designed to be taken apart. The lightweight magnesium frame supports modules that can be easily replaced by the user. "We have designed it with an aim to last three to five years, looking at making it robust and modular-for repairability," says Fairphone's chief communications officer, Tessa Wernink. "Obviously how long it lasts depends quite heavily on the user, so what we as a company are doing is offering an ecosystem around the phone that supports long-lasting use, first-hand or second-hand." Inside the case (itself one of several options) you'll find the core unit, containing all the chips and radios; a replaceable battery pack; a display that can be snapped off and replaced without any tools (not even a screwdriver); a receiver unit, which contains the front camera, sensors; the headset connector and microphones; a speaker/vibrator unit; and a camera module. These modules are designed to balance manufacturing complexity with repairability. For instance, the display comes as a standalone unit, but less-vulnerable components are bundled into one module. The camera, which people are most likely to upgrade as better versions become available, is also housed in its own module. That way you don't need to toss out your whole phone just to get a better camera. "In fact, the motto from the maker mo
Luciano Ferrer

Tip Jars: The 5 Best WordPress Donation Plugins That Work | Elegant Themes Blog - 1 views

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    "Give https://wordpress.org/plugins/give/ Seamless Donations https://wordpress.org/plugins/seamless-donations/ Smart Donations https://wordpress.org/plugins/smart-donations/ Total Donations http://codecanyon.net/item/total-donations-for-wordpress/9985487 PayPal Donations https://wordpress.org/plugins/paypal-donations/ Not every WordPress site has products to sell. Although many can turn their blogs into a revenue stream by offering goods and services somewhere in the mix, there are various reasons you might not be in a position to do so. For example, you may not be running a commercial business. You could be managing a non-profit organization or have no current goods or services to monetize. Many designers, writers, and voluntary groups find themselves in this situation and need to explore alternative sources of income. Donations are one of the most common ways to do just that, and they can sometimes even be more effective than ads or sponsored posts. If your readers are ready to put their hands in their pockets, you just need to provide the means. In this article, we've gathered together five of the best WordPress donation plugins to help you make that process simple. Why Use a Tip Jar? At first you might have some reservations about placing a donation button on your website. Some might feel it's in poor taste - as if you're begging your readers for help. Others doubt that it'll work, thinking readers will automatically ignore it. But the truth is that a tip jar is a great way to garner support for your WordPress site. It can provide supplemental income if you're a freelance designer or developer, and the amount brought in over the course of a month or year can offset hosting costs for your website. Furthermore, with the growing use of ad blockers, donations can be more effective than traditional online revenue streams. For startups and non-profit groups, donations are a vital means of funding campaigns. Other sites may choose to use tip jar
Javier Carrillo

JRC Publications Repository - GreenComp The European sustainability competence framework - 1 views

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    "The development of a European sustainability competence framework is one of the policy actions set out in the European Green Deal as a catalyst to promote learning on environmental sustainability in the European Union. GreenComp identifies a set of sustainability competences to feed into education programmes to help learners develop knowledge, skills and attitudes that promote ways to think, plan and act with empathy, responsibility, and care for our planet and for public health. This work began with a literature review and drew on several consultations with experts and stakeholders working in the field of sustainability education and lifelong learning. The results presented in this report form a framework for learning for environmental sustainability that can be applied in any learning context. The report shares working definitions of sustainability and learning for environmental sustainability that forms the basis for the framework to build consensus and bridge the gap between experts and other stakeholders. GreenComp comprises four interrelated competence areas: 'embodying sustainability values', 'embracing complexity in sustainability', 'envisioning sustainable futures' and 'acting for sustainability'. Each area comprises three competences that are interlinked and equally important. GreenComp is designed to be a non-prescriptive reference for learning schemes fostering sustainability as a competence."
J. Carlos Lopez Ardao

10 Apps That Work Great With Evernote - 4 views

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    Les echaré un vistazo, pues para mí #Evernote es un imprescindible: 10 #Apps That Work Great With Evernote http://bit.ly/WSihjd
Luciano Ferrer

The 8 Step Guide to the Flipped Classroom - 1 views

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    "For many, flipping the classroom simply involves turning the traditional classroom on its head - moving the class work home, and the homework to class. Others argue there is a lot more to flipping than meets the eye. Rather, as flipped learning pioneer, Jon Bergmann states, it's moving from "sage on the stage" to "guide on the side." For students, the obvious benefit lies in the ability to pause and rewind the teacher at will. For teachers, it means less time creating lectures, and more engaged students as the boring introductions are pushed out, and the fun practical work is pulled in. Fishtree makes flipping your classroom as simple and effective as possible, providing everything you need in one platform. Follow our 8 simple steps to flipping your classroom, and transforming your teaching! "
Luciano Ferrer

Your Phone Has an FM Chip. So Why Can't You Listen to the Radio? | WIRED - 0 views

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    "Every smartphone in the world has an FM tuner built in. But here in the US, just one-third of them actually works, even though the Federal Emergency Management Agency says radio can save lives in an emergency. "We know that if Internet networks or cell phone networks go down, FM still works so long as you have a battery to turn the device on," says agency spokesman Rafael Lemaitre."
Luciano Ferrer

Teaching climate science & action - the 4-7 year old version - 0 views

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    "Teaching climate science & action can seem daunting: for university-level lecturers, teaching to younger children can be quite intimidating. For primary-level teachers, the science and scope can seem too vast and fast changing to cover. For everyone, the content can be overwhelming. As adults, how do we present this topic to children: give them the information they need without crushing them? I decided to face the challenge, and over the course of one rather sleepless night, put together some materials for my 6 year-old son's class. This post summarizes and communicates that experience, in the hope that others can take ideas and inspiration, and will be encouraged to volunteer to teach about climate in primary schools. Teaching and engagement in schools is now part of all of our work, as researchers, academics, parents, activists, advocates, so I hope this idea spreads. The 4-part lesson plan worked quite well: the topics & materials held the children's attention, gave them varied aspects to think about and interact with, and they seemed to come away with deeper understanding. The whole thing took roughly 1 hour. This is doable!"
Luciano Ferrer

Coal Knew, Too - 0 views

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    "A newly unearthed journal from 1966 shows the coal industry, like the oil industry, was long aware of the threat of climate change. "Exxon knew." Thanks to the work of activists and journalists, those two words have rocked the politics of climate change in recent years, as investigations revealed the extent to which giants like Exxon Mobil and Shell were aware of the danger of rising greenhouse gas emissions even as they undermined the work of scientists. But the coal industry knew, too - as early as 1966, a newly unearthed journal shows."
Luciano Ferrer

Raw, de los datos a las visualizaciones en simples pasos - 0 views

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    Muy interesante herramienta para pasar tablas de datos a visualizaciones gráficas, en vectores y personalizables... "RAW works with tabular data (i.e. information which is possible to record or track in a spreadsheet). There are many ways you can upload your data in RAW: Dropping a plain text file containing delimiter-separated values such as .csv or .tsv. File extension does not matter, as long as you use one of these delimters: comma, semicolon, tab or colon. Copying and pasting your data from a spreadsheet (e.g. Microsoft Excel, Google Docs, Apple Numbers...) or a text file. This is particularly helpful when you do not want to (or can not) export your data any time you change it or when you want to use only specific columns. Typing your data directly into the text area. While it is unlikely to use this option, it can be useful for editing your data."
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    Muy interesante herramienta para pasar tablas de datos a visualizaciones gráficas, en vectores y personalizables... "RAW works with tabular data (i.e. information which is possible to record or track in a spreadsheet). There are many ways you can upload your data in RAW: Dropping a plain text file containing delimiter-separated values such as .csv or .tsv. File extension does not matter, as long as you use one of these delimters: comma, semicolon, tab or colon. Copying and pasting your data from a spreadsheet (e.g. Microsoft Excel, Google Docs, Apple Numbers...) or a text file. This is particularly helpful when you do not want to (or can not) export your data any time you change it or when you want to use only specific columns. Typing your data directly into the text area. While it is unlikely to use this option, it can be useful for editing your data."
Luciano Ferrer

Ramsey Musallam: 3 rules to spark learning - 0 views

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    Las 3 reglas de @ramusallam: 1 la curiosidad va primero 2 aceptar el desastre 3 practicar la reflexión "It took a life-threatening condition to jolt chemistry teacher Ramsey Musallam out of ten years of "pseudo-teaching" to understand the true role of the educator: to cultivate curiosity. In a fun and personal talk, Musallam gives 3 rules to spark imagination and learning, and get students excited about how the world works. "
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    Las 3 reglas de @ramusallam: 1 la curiosidad va primero 2 aceptar el desastre 3 practicar la reflexión "It took a life-threatening condition to jolt chemistry teacher Ramsey Musallam out of ten years of "pseudo-teaching" to understand the true role of the educator: to cultivate curiosity. In a fun and personal talk, Musallam gives 3 rules to spark imagination and learning, and get students excited about how the world works. "
Luciano Ferrer

The Medium is the Message, McLuhan en 2' - 0 views

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    "Is the form that you receive a message as significant as the message itself? Marshall McLuhan argued that throughout history what has been communicated has been less important than the particular medium through which people communicate. The technology that transfers the message changes us and changes society, the individual, the family, work, leisure and more. Narrated by Gillian Anderson. Scripted by Nigel Warburton. From the BBC Radio 4 series about life's big questions - A History of Ideas. This project is from the BBC in partnership with The Open University, the animations were created by Cognitive."
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    "Is the form that you receive a message as significant as the message itself? Marshall McLuhan argued that throughout history what has been communicated has been less important than the particular medium through which people communicate. The technology that transfers the message changes us and changes society, the individual, the family, work, leisure and more. Narrated by Gillian Anderson. Scripted by Nigel Warburton. From the BBC Radio 4 series about life's big questions - A History of Ideas. This project is from the BBC in partnership with The Open University, the animations were created by Cognitive."
Luciano Ferrer

Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function | Science - 0 views

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    "Burden of Poverty Lacking money or time can lead one to make poorer decisions, possibly because poverty imposes a cognitive load that saps attention and reduces effort. Mani et al. (p. 976; see the Perspective by Vohs) gathered evidence from shoppers in a New Jersey mall and from farmers in Tamil Nadu, India. They found that considering a projected financial decision, such as how to pay for a car repair, affects people's performance on unrelated spatial and reasoning tasks. Lower-income individuals performed poorly if the repairs were expensive but did fine if the cost was low, whereas higher-income individuals performed well in both conditions, as if the projected financial burden imposed no cognitive pressure. Similarly, the sugarcane farmers from Tamil Nadu performed these tasks better after harvest than before. Abstract The poor often behave in less capable ways, which can further perpetuate poverty. We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis. First, we experimentally induced thoughts about finances and found that this reduces cognitive performance among poor but not in well-off participants. Second, we examined the cognitive function of farmers over the planting cycle. We found that the same farmer shows diminished cognitive performance before harvest, when poor, as compared with after harvest, when rich. This cannot be explained by differences in time available, nutrition, or work effort. Nor can it be explained with stress: Although farmers do show more stress before harvest, that does not account for diminished cognitive performance. Instead, it appears that poverty itself reduces cognitive capacity. We suggest that this is because poverty-related concerns consume mental resources, leaving less for other tasks. These data provide a previously unexamined perspective and help explain a spectrum of behaviors among the poor. We discuss some implications for poverty policy."
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    "Burden of Poverty Lacking money or time can lead one to make poorer decisions, possibly because poverty imposes a cognitive load that saps attention and reduces effort. Mani et al. (p. 976; see the Perspective by Vohs) gathered evidence from shoppers in a New Jersey mall and from farmers in Tamil Nadu, India. They found that considering a projected financial decision, such as how to pay for a car repair, affects people's performance on unrelated spatial and reasoning tasks. Lower-income individuals performed poorly if the repairs were expensive but did fine if the cost was low, whereas higher-income individuals performed well in both conditions, as if the projected financial burden imposed no cognitive pressure. Similarly, the sugarcane farmers from Tamil Nadu performed these tasks better after harvest than before. Abstract The poor often behave in less capable ways, which can further perpetuate poverty. We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis. First, we experimentally induced thoughts about finances and found that this reduces cognitive performance among poor but not in well-off participants. Second, we examined the cognitive function of farmers over the planting cycle. We found that the same farmer shows diminished cognitive performance before harvest, when poor, as compared with after harvest, when rich. This cannot be explained by differences in time available, nutrition, or work effort. Nor can it be explained with stress: Although farmers do show more stress before harvest, that does not account for diminished cognitive performance. Instead, it appears that poverty itself reduces cognitive capacity. We suggest that this is because poverty-related concerns consume mental resources, leaving less for other tasks. These data provide a previously unexamined perspective and help explain a spectrum of behaviors among the poor. We discuss some implications for poverty policy."
Luciano Ferrer

¿Qué consideramos un adecuado "marco del aprendizaje"? | por @santiagoraul - 1 views

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    "Quizá podemos especificar qué es un adecuado "marco del aprendizaje" en la combinación de estos tres elementos, seguro que tú nos propones alguno más: Un buen educador: Con una excelente competencia en comunicación y habilidades interpersonales Con entusiasmo y la pasión por su materia Que tenga Auto motivación y la capacidad de motivar a los estudiantes Con excelente capacidad por el contenido de la materia y la manera de enseñarlo Con buenas habilidades para la gestión del aula Que disponga de habilidades de organización educativa Con una clara voluntad de ser innovador y creativo Con buenas habilidades para colaborar con los demás y trabajar de forma cooperativa como parte de un equipo. Una escuela eficiente: schools Un Aprendiz eficaz: Un aprendiz eficaz es aquel que encarna los valores de la escuela de respeto, responsabilidad, exigencia, ética y cooperación. Un aprendiz eficaz también busca activamente un cambio positivo y el crecimiento personal de sus capacidades. Según Marzano, Pickering y Pollock (Classroom instruction that works : research-based strategies for increasing student achievement / Robert J. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering, Jane E. Pollock.), aquellos estudiantes que aprenden a utilizar la enseñanza eficaz emplearían estas nueve estrategias que mejoran los porcentajes señalados : Identificar similitudes y diferencias (45%) Resumir y tomar notas mejora la retención (34%) Utilizar el refuerzo y reconocimiento (29%) Llevar a cabo tareas prácticas aumenta el logro (28%) El empleo de representaciones no lingüísticas (27%) El uso de aprendizaje cooperativo (27%) Establecer objetivos y proporcionar información periódica (23%) Generar y probar hipótesis aumenta el aprendizaje (23%) Preguntas, pistas y organizadores avanzados (22%)"
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    "Quizá podemos especificar qué es un adecuado "marco del aprendizaje" en la combinación de estos tres elementos, seguro que tú nos propones alguno más: Un buen educador: Con una excelente competencia en comunicación y habilidades interpersonales Con entusiasmo y la pasión por su materia Que tenga Auto motivación y la capacidad de motivar a los estudiantes Con excelente capacidad por el contenido de la materia y la manera de enseñarlo Con buenas habilidades para la gestión del aula Que disponga de habilidades de organización educativa Con una clara voluntad de ser innovador y creativo Con buenas habilidades para colaborar con los demás y trabajar de forma cooperativa como parte de un equipo. Una escuela eficiente: schools Un Aprendiz eficaz: Un aprendiz eficaz es aquel que encarna los valores de la escuela de respeto, responsabilidad, exigencia, ética y cooperación. Un aprendiz eficaz también busca activamente un cambio positivo y el crecimiento personal de sus capacidades. Según Marzano, Pickering y Pollock (Classroom instruction that works : research-based strategies for increasing student achievement / Robert J. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering, Jane E. Pollock.), aquellos estudiantes que aprenden a utilizar la enseñanza eficaz emplearían estas nueve estrategias que mejoran los porcentajes señalados : Identificar similitudes y diferencias (45%) Resumir y tomar notas mejora la retención (34%) Utilizar el refuerzo y reconocimiento (29%) Llevar a cabo tareas prácticas aumenta el logro (28%) El empleo de representaciones no lingüísticas (27%) El uso de aprendizaje cooperativo (27%) Establecer objetivos y proporcionar información periódica (23%) Generar y probar hipótesis aumenta el aprendizaje (23%) Preguntas, pistas y organizadores avanzados (22%)"
juan domingo farnos

Stoos Stampede Phoenix - 2 views

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    Chandler, Arizona
    Fourteen of us spent Friday evening and all day Saturday exploring how to create better organizations.


     

    Group Synthesis

    A collective movement focused on humanity at work (and elsewhere).

    Systemic problems require radical change.

    Experiments with gift/gra
juan domingo farnos

Just gotta be me - 1 views

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    I just installed a WordPress Plugin from Sharaholic named SexyBookmarks. It looks very cool, displaying little animated buttons for Twitter, F'book, Google+, and so on.

    This is a test post to see how well it works.



    How we learn... in five minutes.

    "Around the age of 12, the brain go
Luciano Ferrer

Una introducción histórica a la sociedad de consumo (2/3): Fordismo y consumo... - 0 views

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    "A lo largo de los tres siglos que necesitó el capitalismo para consolidarse como sistema hegemónico -en el sentido gramsciano-, se fue imponiendo la ley de la oferta y la demanda, en detrimento de los gremios medievales, que durante siglos impidieron la competencia. Y cambió el significado social del dinero, que ganó un protagonismo central al tiempo que, progresivamente, se justificó el cobro de interés, que había sido condenado durante siglos. Los sistemas políticos europeos se tomaron más en serio la libertad que la igualdad y la fraternidad, de la tríada de valores de 1789 (liberté, égalité, fraternité), y la propiedad privada se erigió en el valor supremo de las constituciones, mientras se expandían por Europa las ideas de Adam Smith y John Locke. El Estado, en su concepción moderna, apareció como garante último de la reproducción del capital como eje ordenador de la sociedad; aunque, eso sí, no exento de tensiones y contradicciones, pues los estados europeos debían -y deben- sostener simultáneamente dos instituciones contradictorias: la acumulación creciente de la riqueza económica y el mantenimiento, al menos formal, de la democracia política. El engranaje capitalista estaba en marcha, pero su despegue sólo fue posible con la Revolución Industrial, que comenzó en la Inglaterra del siglo XVIII y se profundizó y expandió el siglo siguiente, sobre todo, desde el momento en que comenzaron a utilizarse los combustibles fósiles (Fernández Durán y González Reyes, 2014). La ingente cantidad de energía que éstos proveían, junto al desarrollo tecnológico, permitió el abaratamiento de los procesos productivos y la expansión de la industria y, con ello, del consumo. Entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, Europa y Estados Unidos asistieron a un espectacular aumento de la producción: para el historiador Neil McKendrick, fue la primera revolución consumista de la historia. La consecuencia inmediata fue una profundización y aceleración
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