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Enrique Rubio Royo

Systems Thinking | Center for Ecoliteracy - 1 views

www.ecoliteracy.org/...systems-thinking

complejidad systemic intro brecha cambio sistemas SCAs focus interdependencia

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 30 Oct 11 - Cached
  • A systems approach helps young people understand the complexity of the world around them and encourages them to think in terms of relationships, connectedness, and context.
  • SHIFTS IN PERCEPTION
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 31 Oct 11
       
      Pensar de manera sitémica (brecha actual de la complejidad) requiere cambiar la manera mediante la cuál percibimos las cosas, las diferentes situaciones, el mundo. A su vez, dicho cambio en la manera de percibir las cosas que nos rodean, nos conducirá a enseñar de forms diferente, a organizar de manera distinta las instituciones y hasta la propia soociedad. Una mentalidad distinta, o mejor dicho una percepción distinta del mundo que te rodea. Dicha nueva percepción, procedente de un pensamiento sistémico, requiere diferentes desplazamientos, que a la postre nos conducirán a diferentes formas de enseñar, y a diferentes formas de organizar las instituciones y la sociedad.
  • Thinking systemically requires several shifts in perception
  • ...60 more annotations...
  • which lead in turn to different ways to teach, and to different ways to organize institutions and society
  • From parts to the whole
  • From objects to relationships
  • From objective knowledge to contextual knowledge
  • From quantity to quality
  • From structure to process
  • From contents to patterns
  • With any system, the whole is different from the sum of the individual parts
  • By shifting focus from the parts to the whole, we can better grasp the connections between the different elements.
  • within the context
  • the culture
  • Similarly, the nature and quality of what students learn is strongly affected by
  • the whole school
  • from single-subject curricula to integrated curricula.
  • the relationships between individual parts may be more important than the parts.
  • In systems
  • ecosystem
  • collection of species
  • interacting with each other
  • and their nonliving environment
  • the "objects" of study are networks of relationships
  • In the systems view
  • this perspective emphasizes relationship-based processes
  • from analytical thinking to contextual thinking
  • Shifting focus from the parts to the whole implies shifting
  • project-based learning
  • teachers to be
  • facilitators and fellow learners
  • alongside students, rather than experts dispensing knowledge.
  • Western science has often focused on things that can be measured and quantified.
  • It has sometimes been implied that
  • phenomena that can be measured and quantified are more important
  • and perhaps even that
  • what cannot be measured and quantified doesn't exist at all.
  • Some aspects of systems
  • however
  • cannot be measured.
  • the relationships
  • more comprehensive forms of assessment than standardized tests.
  • Living systems
  • develop and evolve
  • Understanding these systems requires
  • a shift in focus
  • from structure to processes
  • such as evolution, renewal, and change
  • how students solve a problem
  • ways in which they make decisions
  • Within systems
  • certain configurations of relationship appear again and again in patterns
  • such as cycles and feedback loops
  • Understanding how a pattern works in one natural or social system helps us to understand other systems that manifest the same pattern
  • For instance, understanding how flows of energy affect a natural ecosystem may illuminate how flows of information affect a social system.
  • One lesson that nature teaches is that everything in the world is connected to other things.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 31 Oct 11
       
      La naturaleza nos enseña que todo en el mundo está conectado a otras cosas. Un SISTEMA es un conjunto de elementos interrelacionados que constituyen un todo unificado. Cosas individuales, comop plantas, personas, escuelas, rios, o economías, son en si mismos sistemas y al mismo tiempo NO pueden ser completamente comprendidos separados de otros sistemas mas grandes en los que existen.
  • Systems thinking
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 31 Oct 11
       
      Un planteamiento orientado a sistemas (Pensamiento sistémico) nos ayudará acomprender la complejidad del mundo que nos rodea y nos ayudará a pensar en términos de relaciones, conectividad y contexto (cultura de la interdependencia). Pensamiento sistémico como parte esencial de la sostenibilidad. La brecha de la complejidad- necesidad de una nueva forma de pensar acerca del mundo que nos rodea, desde la complejidad, desde una perspectiva de sistemas, pensar en términos de 'relaciones', 'conectividad', y 'contexto'.
  • Individual things
  • is a set of interrelated elements that make a unified whole
  • system
  • are themselves systems and at the same time cannot be fully understood apart from the larger systems in which they exist
  • essential part
  • for sustainability
Enrique Rubio Royo

week6 - 1 views

docs.google.com/View

complejidad Complexity caos SACs CAS georgesiemens aprendizaje evision sistema entorno

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 18 Mar 10 - Cached
  • The general principles of chaos, complexity, and emergence can be partly translated into social sciences.
  • importance of recognizing that no one individual is able to master a discipline
  • All knowledge is in the connections – how we’ve connected concepts and how we are connected to other people and sources of information. To know is to be connected.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • our best opportunity to function in complex and chaotic environments is found in structures that adapt and respond to feedback. Change requires structures that also change. To this end, we turn to networks and ecologies as a model for:LearningKnowledge/epistemology (as both process and product)Managing complexity
  • Explaining emergence in its multiple forms in education: learner understanding, group formation, advancement of a discipline, etc.Designing educational systems that embody the society that learners will be expected to engage as members (ontology - learners becoming)
  • the irreducibility of learning to its individual parts, the recognition of dynamic interactions, the criticality of feedback in influencing adaptation, and openness are sufficient for our application to learning.
  • definition of complexity
  • “a set of diverse actors who dynamically interact with one another awash in a sea of feedbacks”
  • “What differentiates physical systems from social ones is that agents in social systems often alter their behaviour in response to anticipated outcomes”
  • An example I often use to distinguish complicated from complex: a puzzle and the weather
  • The autonomy of agents
  • Emergence
  • The interactions of multiple agents at a local level can create or contribute to significant system-level change
  • On a personal level, we could argue that our learning is the emergent phenomena of our own interactions with others and how we have engaged with and connected different concepts.
  • How do these concepts impact learning?
  • Ecologies and networks are reflective of chaos and complexity theories main tenets and provide a suitable replacement for the current classroom and hierarchical model of education.
Enrique Rubio Royo

The Cynefin Framework and (the Complexity of) Classroom Instruction | andrew j. cerniglia - 0 views

andrewcerniglia.com/?p=301

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jan 12 - Cached
  • I’ve identified several variables that must be considered by a teacher as they teach
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jan 12
       
      0.- ¿Qué sabe el estudiante (k's previos)? 1.- ¿Qué se debe enseñar? 2.- ¿Qué ha aprendido el estudiante? 3.- ¿Qué se debe enseñar en el futuro? 4.- ¿Qué capacidades individuales tienen los estudiantes respecto al contenido? 5.- ¿Qué capacidades individuales / preferencias de los estudiantes en relación con las estrategias de enseñanza (diseño instruccional)? 6.- ¿Situación / relación entre el contenido y las estrategias posibles ( qué "encaja" mejor)?
  • What happens beyond the classroom walls
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jan 12
       
      Factores externos al Aula...¿de qué manera afectan a cada estudiante?. De todo ello puede concluirse que la docencia puede clasificarse como un proceso complejo, según el modelo cynefin (para lo que nos viene bien el esquema sintético del mismo que aquí se ofrece).
  • If we review the traits of “Complex” systems, it is clear that often times there is “no right answer” in terms of instructional choices, that classrooms are “systems in constant flux”, and that the “ability to understand” (from the teacher’s perspective) comes after class has been dismissed.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jan 12
       
      Si revisamos las características de los sistemas "complejos", está claro que muchas veces no existe una "respuesta correcta" en términos de estrategias instruccionales, que las aulas son "sistemas en constante cambio", y que la "capacidad de comprender" (desde la perspectiva del profesor) se produce (en el mejor de los casos) una vez ha finalizado el curso.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The ability to work within this complex system (the classroom) is typically part of the teacher observation process
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jan 12
       
      La capacidad de trabajar dentro de este sistema complejo (el aula y/o entorno online-Internet) es típicamente parte del proceso de observación del profesor. Ojo... notar que deberíamos incluir al profesor como parte del sistema complejo
  • emergence / identification of patterns
  • Is there a need, then, to construct a formalized framework / structure for “probing” and “sensing (for emergent patterns)” specific to the classroom?
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jan 12
       
      ¿Es necesario, entonces, la construcción de un marco / estructura formal para " 'probar' y 'sondear' (patrones emergentes) específica para el aula? ¿Es esto algo que los profesores necesitan saber cómo hacerlo?, ¿la familiaridad con los principios del modelo Cynefin conducirían a una enseñanza más eficaz mediante respuestas adecuadas a las diferentes categorías de complejidad manifiesta dentro de ese entorno?
  • Is this something teachers need to know how to do?
  • Would familiarity with the tenets of the Cynefin framework lead to more effective instruction through appropriate responses to the different categories of complexity manifest within that setting?
  • classrooms should be classified as “complex” with the Cynefin Framework
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jan 12
       
      Las aulas (proceso de docencia y aprendizaje en general) debería clasificarse como un proceso o problema complejo, desde la perspectiva del modelo cynefin
Enrique Rubio Royo

A "Complex" Theory of Consciousness: Scientific American - 0 views

www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 23 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Think of Φ as the synergy of the system
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 23 Feb 12
       
      sinergia. (Del gr. συνεργία, cooperación). 1. f. Acción de dos o más causas cuyo efecto es superior a la suma de los efectos individuales. 2. f. Biol. Concurso activo y concertado de varios órganos para realizar una función.
  • The more integrated the system is, the more synergy it has, the more conscious it is.
  • To be conscious, then, you need to be a single, integrated entity with a large repertoire of highly differentiated states
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 23 Feb 12
       
      Para ser conscientes, pues, necesitamos ser una entidad única, integrada, con un gran repertorio de estados altamente diferenciados. Mi ordenador con una gran memoria en disco (megas o terabytes), muestra INFO no integrada. P.e. mis fotografias familiares, no están enlazadas unas con otras. El ordenador no sabe que la persona presente en unas fotos es mi esposa en distintas èpocas de su vida. Par el ordenador, toda la INFO carece de significado, se trata simplemente de un amplio y aleatorio tapíz de ceros y unos.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • I derive meaning from these images because my memories are heavily cross-linked.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 23 Feb 12
       
      Por nuestra parte, extraemos significado de dichas imágenes debido a que nuestras memorias están hiperconetadas, de tal modo que cuanto mas interconectada, mas significativas se convierten.
  • Indeed, Tononi’s IIT postulates that
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 23 Feb 12
       
      La teoría TII postula que 'la cantidad de información integrada que una entidad posee se corresponde con su nivel de conciencia'. Estas ideas pueden ser expresadas en un lenguaje matemático usando nociones de la teoría de la información, tales como la Entropía. Dado un cerebro particular, con sus neuronas y axones, dendritas y sinapsis, podemos, en principio, calcular con seguridad la extensión a la cuál su cerebro esta integrado. A partir de dichos cálculos,la teoría deduce un número 'fi', que denota el tamaño del repertorio consciente asociado con cualquier toda red de partes causalmente interactuantes. Pensemos en 'fi' como la sinergia del sistema. Cuanto mas integrado sea el sistema, mayor sinergia posee, mas consciente es.
Enrique Rubio Royo

Innovating the 21st-Century University: It's Time! (EDUCAUSE Review) | EDUCAUSE - 0 views

www.educause.edu/...195370

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 27 Jun 10 - Cached
  • The transformation of the university is not just a good idea. It is an imperative
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 27 Jun 10
       
      Completamente de acuerdo. Universidad actual vs nuevo espacio social y global en RED, base de la mayor creación/compartición e intercambio de K y de difusión de información.
  • Now is also a time of great opportunity
  • and there is a steady stream of proposals for change
  • ...84 more annotations...
  • change is required in two vast and interwoven domains
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 27 Jun 10
       
      La Univ. requiere cambios en 2 dominios: 1.- modelo de pedagogía (cómo se lleva a cabo el aprendizaje) y sustituirlo por el nuevo modelo de 'Aprendizaje colaborativo', y 2.- el modelo de producción de contenidos (producción colaborativa de K). Solo así la Univ. tiene la posibilidad de sobrevivir e incluso de desarrollarse vigorosamente en una economía global en RED.
  • First we need to toss out the old industrial model of pedagogy (how learning is accomplished) and replace it with a new model called collaborative learning. Second we need an entirely new modus operandi for how
  • (the content of higher education) are created.
  • Collaborative Learning: Reinventing Pedagogy
  • In the industrial model of student mass production, the teacher is the broadcaster
  • "In collaborative classrooms, the lecturing/listening/note-taking process may not disappear entirely, but it lives alongside other processes that are based in students' discussion and active work with the course material."
  • Collaborative learning has as its main feature a structure that allows for student talk
  • With technology, it is now possible to embrace new collaboration models that change the paradigm
  • This is not about distance learning
  • Rather, this represents a change in the relationship between students and teachers in the learning process.
  • Collaborative Learning Is Social Learning.
  • we need to focus not on what we are learning but on how we are learning
  • instead of starting from the Cartesian premise of 'I think, therefore I am,' . . . the social view of learning says, 'We participate, therefore we are.'"
  • the web provides powerful new tools and environments for collaborative learning
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 27 Jun 10
       
      Cómo posibilita la web el aprendizaje colaqborativo: 1.- Nuevas tools y entornos, como WIKIS y mundos virtuales como 'Second Life' 2.- Cursos online interactivos pueden liberar a los profesores de 'lecciones', consiguiendo tiempo para colaborar con los estudiantes. 3.- la web posibilita interaccionar con otros estudiantes independientemente del momento y del lugar 4.- la web representa un nuevo modo de producción del K, que cambia todo lo que tenga que ver con 'cómo' se crean los contenidos de los cursos de la Univ.
  • from wikis to virtual worlds like Second Life
  • However, the web enables social learning in other ways as well.
  • Collaborative Learning Embraces Discovery.
  • "The scandal of education is that every time you teach something, you deprive a [student] of the pleasure and benefit of discovery."14
  • Students need to integrate new information with the information they already have — to "construct" new knowledge structures and meaning.
  • Today, every college and university student has at his or her fingertips the most powerful tool for discovery, for constructing knowledge, and for learning.
  • the web
  • the web
  • seeing the web as a threat to the old order, universities should embrace its potential and take discovery learning to the next step
  • Rather
  • Collaborative Learning Is Student-Focused and Self-Paced.
  • the education model has to change to suit this generation of students. Smart but impatient, today's students like to collaborate, and they reject one-way lectures
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 27 Jun 10
       
      el nuevo modelo de educación debe adecuarse a la generación actual de estudiantes: inteligentes, impacientes, colaborativos y que rechazan las lecciones en una sola dirección. Quieren aprender, pero solo aquello que tengan que aprender, y desean aprender en un estilo que es el mejor para ellos'
  • "They want to learn, but they want to learn only what they have to learn, and they want to learn it in a style that is best for them."15
  • Collaborative Knowledge Production: Opening Up the University
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 27 Jun 10
       
      Hacia una emergente Red Global de Aprendizaje superior (Meta-universidad), a lo largo de 5 etapas: 1.- Intercambio de contenidos de cursos 2.- Colaboración en contenidos de cursos 3.- Co-innovación de contenidos de cursos 4.- Co-creación de K 5.- Conexión Aprendizaje colaborativo
  • The university needs to open up, embrace collaborative knowledge production, and break down the walls that exist among institutions of higher education and between those institutions and the rest of the world
  • To do so, universities require deep structural changes
  • in the open-access movement, we are seeing the early emergence of a meta-university
  • The Internet and the Web will provide the communication infrastructure, and the open-access movement and its derivatives will provide much of the knowledge and information infrastructure."
  • The emerging meta-university, built on the power and ubiquity of the Web and launched by the open courseware movement, will give teachers and learners everywhere the ability to access and share teaching materials, scholarly publications, scientific works in progress, teleoperation of experiments, and worldwide collaborations, thereby achieving economic efficiencies and raising the quality of education through a noble and global endeavor."17
  • For universities to succeed, we believe they need to cooperate to launch what we call the Global Network for Higher Learning
  • This network would have five stages or levels:
  • Level 1: Course Content Exchange
  • colleges and universities post their educational materials online, putting into the commons what would have traditionally been viewed as cherished and closely held intellectual property. MIT pioneered the concept with its OpenCourseWare initiative (http://ocw.mit.edu), and today more than 200 institutions of higher learning have followed suit.
  • Consider what a change this offers to a typical professor's life
  • Level 2: Course Content Collaboration
  • What higher education desperately needs is a social network — a Facebook for faculty.
  • Sharing materials is an important first step. But the course materials available freely online could also be constructed as a platform for users to collaborate and share experiences with the materials. As the Global Network for Higher Learning gains momentum, the volume of material being posted will become overwhelming, comprising not only text but also lecture notes, assignments, exams, videos, podcasts, and so on.
  • But it shouldn't be a standalone application; it should be integral to the Global Network for Higher Learning.
  • A little effort can yield large returns. For example
  • Level 3: Course Content Co-Innovation
  • the Wikimedia Foundation organized Wikiversity
  • The next level in the Global Network for Higher Learning goes beyond sharing and collaborating on course content to actually co-creating content. Professors can co-innovate new teaching material based on work already available and can then make this newly synthesized content available to the world.
  • For the ultimate course, teachers need more than course materials, of course. They need course software enabling students to interact with the content, supporting small group discussions, facilitating testing, and so on. Such software can be developed using the tried-and-true techniques and tools of the open-source software movement.
  • Sakai
  • Sakai.
  • Level 4: Knowledge Co-Creation
  • In the next level of the Global Network for Higher Learning, scholars move beyond course materials and collaborate to co-create all subject-matter-appropriate knowledge.
  • Knowledge from university-based research should be a public good.
  • Universities and academics need to embrace the Global Network for Higher Learning as the platform for collaboration in research, creation, communication, and exploitation of new knowledge. With the Global Network for Higher Learning, the current problems of academic journals would go away.
  • The traditional peer-reviewed academic journals would adopt a much more dynamic online process.
  • Level 5: Collaborative Learning Connection
  • How can we network the world's higher education institutions to go beyond the production of knowledge to the consumption of that knowledge by learners?
  • The 21st-century university will be a network and an ecosystem — not a tower — and educators need to get going on the partnerships to make this work for students.
  • Reinvention or Atrophy
  • he combination of the Internet, the new generation of learners, the demands of the global knowledge economy, and the shock of the current economic crisis is creating a perfect storm for universities, and the storm warnings are everywhere.
  • As the model of pedagogy is challenged, inevitably the revenue model of universities will be too.
  • Many will argue: "But what about credentials?
  • Others will argue: "What about the campus experience?
  • If institutions want to survive the arrival of free, university-level education online, they need to change the way professors and students interact on campus.
  • How, then, can universities reinvent themselves, rather than atrophy? What are the steps to be taken?
  • Adopt Collaborative Learning As the Core Model of Pedagogy.
  • Professors who want to remain relevant will have to abandon the traditional lecture and start listening to and conversing with students — shifting from a broadcast style to an interactive one
  • Professors should encourage students to discover for themselves and to engage in critical thinking instead of simply memorizing the professor's store of information. Finally, professors need to tailor the style of education to their students' individual learning styles.
  • The Internet and the new digital platforms for learning are critical to all of this, especially given the high student-faculty ratio in many universities.
  • Collaboratively Produce Higher Education Content and Knowledge by Launching the Global Network for Higher Learning.
  • Right now, universities around the world are embracing level one — course content exchange — of the Global Network for Higher Learning. But they need to move further in the next four levels.
  • Content should be multimedia — not just text. Content should be networked and hyperlinked bits — not atoms. Moreover, interactive courseware — not separate "books" — should be used to present this content to students, constituting a platform for every subject, across disciplines, among institutions, and around the world.
  • Build New Revenue and Collaboration Models between Higher Education Institutions to Break Down the Silos between Them.
  • we will need to build a collaborative revenue model and a new structure of transfer pricing.
  • Change Incentive Systems to Reward Teaching, Not Just Research.
  • If universities are to become institutions whose primary goal is the learning by students, not faculty, then the incentive systems will need to change. Tenure should be granted for teaching excellence and not just for a publishing record.
  • How can this be done?
  • Build the Infrastructure for 21st-Century Higher Education.
  • a new kind of infrastructure is required to realize the University 2.0.
  • The world needs a "Digital Marshall Plan."
  • Where is the University 2.0?
  • A powerful force to change the university is the students.
  • The Industrial Age model of education is hard to change. New paradigms cause dislocation, disruption, confusion, uncertainty. They are nearly always received with coolness or hostility. Vested interests fight change. And leaders of old paradigms are often the last to embrace the new.
  • Changing the model of pedagogy and the model of knowledge production is crucial for the survival of the university
  • Global Network for Higher Learning
Enrique Rubio Royo

A Transition Path to the Future - Social Media In Learning - 0 views

janeknight.typepad.com/...a-transition-path.html

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 06 May 10 - Cached
  • moving towards a more collaborative approach to learning and working in an organisation- and one which supports the big picture of "learning", rather than the tiny, 20% of learning, that takes place in classrooms or online courses.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 06 May 10
       
      Exactamente lo que estamos proponiendo para el eAprendiz (gestión de su PLM, como soporte de su ecosistema de desarrollo personal: PKM + REA + RCI + eportfolio + blog + RSs + BPC + ...), de trabajo y aprendizaje en RED.
  • Although many L&D professionals understand the reality of today's workplace and the need to take a more 21st century approach to "learning" than simply creating courses and workshops and using a command and control system to manage learners, what is stopping them is knowing HOW to move forward.
  • the transition path to a post-LMS future,
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • I'm not suggesting that in every case, you should junk your LMS completely
  • but you certainly need to take an honest look at whether it is delivering what you need in the workplace today.
  • A subsequent step in the Transition Path involves identifying a new 21st century collaboration platform that will underpin learning and working in your organisation. 
  • My Internet Time Alliance colleague, Harold Jarche, has written a follow up posting
  • further steps in the Transition Path
  • supporting and managing the transition process in terms of implementaton of the new system, and the new skills and mindset required.
Enrique Rubio Royo

How neurons make sense of our senses | KurzweilAI - 0 views

www.kurzweilai.net/urons-make-sense-of-our-senses

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 09 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • a simple computation performed by single nerve cells: a weighted average
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 09 Dec 11
       
      ¿Cómo se las arregla el cerebro pra procesar las señales sensoriales (complejas, rápidamente cambiantes, y frecuentemente en conflicto) para generar significado de nuestro mundo?. Respuesta: mediante sencillos cálculos llevados a cabo por células nerviosas individuales: un promedio ponderado. Las neuronas tienen que aplicar los pesos correctos a cadaseñal sensorial, y los autores delestudio revelan cómo es llevado a cabo.
  • Neurons have to apply the correct weights to each sensory cue, and the authors reveal how this is done
  • This deeper understanding of how brain circuits combine different sensory cues could also help scientists and engineers to design more sophisticated artificial nervous systems such as those used in robots
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The discovery may eventually lead to new therapies for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders
  • the brain does not have to first “decide” which sensory cue is more reliable
  • The study shows that
  • The study demonstrates that the low-level computations performed by single neurons in the brain, when repeated by millions of neurons performing similar computations, accounts for the brain’s complex ability to know which sensory signals to weight as more important.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 09 Dec 11
       
      El estudio demuestra que el cerebro NO tiene que decidir en primer lugar qué señal sensorial es mas fiable. El estudio demuestra que los cálculos de bajo nivel (procesos sencillos) realizados por las neuronas individuales en el cerebro, cuando se repiten por millones de neuronas llevando a cabo cálculos similares, representa la capacidad compleja del cerebro para saber qué señales sensoriales poseen un peso más importante. Por lo tanto, el cerebro puede descomponer esencialmente una tarea aparentemente de comportamiento de alto nivel, en un conjunto de operaciones mucho más simples llevadas a cabo por muchas neuronas simultáneamente.
  • “Thus, the brain essentially can break down a seemingly high-level behavioral task into a set of much simpler operations performed simultaneously by many neurons,”
Enrique Rubio Royo

AJET 26(3) Drexler (2010) - The networked student model for construction of personal le... - 0 views

www.ascilite.org.au/...drexler.html

model networked_student profesores docencia PLE eaprende eaprendiz eaprendizaje

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 28 Jun 10 - Cached
  • Networked Student Model
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 28 Jun 10
       
      Modelo de 'alumno en red' vs nuestro eAprendiz
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 28 Jun 10
       
      Interesante pensar como adecuamos nuestro modelo de PLWE, no solo al profesor (ya lo tenemos), sino al elearner (quizás el PLWE reducido?)
  • The Networked Student Model and a test case are described in detail along with implications and considerations for additional research
  • to facilitate further discussion about K-12 student construction of personal learning environments and offer the practitioner a foundation on which to facilitate a networked learning experience.
  • ...76 more annotations...
  • It seeks to determine how a teacher can scaffold a networked learning approach while providing a foundation on which students take more control of the learning process.
  • Emerging web applications offer unique opportunities to customise the learning environment for individual learners
  • In the past, learning environments were immediately associated with a physical location
  • however, the concept is increasingly expanded to include online learning, virtual schools, and blended opportunities that combine traditional with digital options
  • Traditional, lecture-based classrooms are designed as passive learning environments in which the teacher conveys knowledge and the student responds (Chen, 2009). Imagine the potential frustration that self-regulated learning holds for students who are quite comfortably accustomed to specific teacher directions with finite expectations.
  • learner motivation
  • Personal learning suggests learner autonomy and increased self regulation
  • self-directed.
  • they are also required to take an active role in the learning process by making decisions
  • Teachers, on the other hand, are challenged to provide an appropriate balance between structure and learner autonomy in order to facilitate self-directed, personalised learning
  • Such a scenario further presents challenges to traditional forms of assessment
  • The role of a teacher within a student-centered approach to instruction is that of a facilitator or coach
  • He or she supports the students in their search and supply of relevant material, coordinates the students' presentations of individual milestones of their projects, moderates discussions, consults in all kinds of problem-solving and seeking for solutions, lectures on topics that are selected in plenary discussions with the students and conforms to the curriculum"
  • The purpose of this test case is to introduce a model for the student construction of personal learning environments that balances teacher control with increased student autonomy
  • a level of structure is required to scaffold the learning process
  • Networked learning refers specifically to "learning in which information communication technology is used to promote connections: between one learner and other learners, between learners and tutors, between a learning community and its learning resources"
  • Networked learning is manifested in personal learning environments (PLEs), or "systems that help learners take control of and manage their own learning"
  • a model of the networked teacher that represents an educator's professional personal learning environment (PLE)
  • Figure 1: The Networked Teacher (Couros, 2008) It is a model through which teachers begin to build professional connections to support teaching practice
  • The Networked Student Model adapts Couros' vision for teacher professional development in a format that is applicable to the K-12 student. It includes four primary categories, each with many components evident in the networked teacher version (Figure 2).
  • he networked student follows a constructivist approach to learning. He or she constructs knowledge based on experiences and social interactions
  • Constructivism encourages "greater participation by students in their appropriation of scholarly knowledge"
  • Technology supports this appropriation as a collection of tools that promote knowledge construction,
  • Networked Student Model.
  • Students use RSS and social bookmarking to organise information and build upon prior knowledge with the goal of completing a task or meeting a learning objective. Social media, or web-based applications designed for the purpose of interacting with others online, promote conversations. Blogs are an example of a vehicle through which students can reflect on the learning process. The sub-parts coexist to support a constructive learning experience. The student's personal learning environment pulls them all together.
  • Siemens (2008) associates the concept of connectivism with networked learning
  • in the networked learning environment, blogging is a key component of the personal learning environment through which students respond to and collect the opinions of others. Students identify blogs that target a specific unit of study, and they have the option to respond with opinions of their own.
  • In a traditional classroom setting, the teacher has primary control over the content.
  • Networked learning gives students the ability and the control to connect with subject matter experts in virtually any field.
  • The skill to identify valid content and expertise,
  • The connection to humans is an essential part of the learning process. That connection expands to include access to resources and creative artifacts.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 28 Jun 10
       
      El elearner y el eprofesor, aprovechan la existencia del nuevo Espacio WEB en RED: Ecosistema de conocimiento personal (Espacio Social -Personas- + Espacio Digital -Recursos-INFO) + Tecnología + Procesos
  • design of the teacher-facilitated, student-created personal learning environment
  • The teacher was a facilitator in the process helping the student scaffold network learning and manage the content as it became more complex.
  • Construction of a personal learning environment does not necessarily facilitate comprehension or deep understanding
  • The networked student model is one of inquiry, or the process of "exploring problems, asking questions, making discoveries, achieving new understanding and fulfilling personal curiosity"
  • In guided inquiry, the teacher provides the problem and directs the students to the materials for investigation
  • The teacher is necessary to help the students navigate the breadth of content, apply the tools properly, and offer support in the form of digital literacy skills and subject matter expertise. Yet the teacher may not be the only expert in the learning process.
  • The test case for this model took place at a K-12 independent school in the southeastern United States. Fifteen students participated during a nine-week term as part of a contemporary issues research project. The contemporary issues course was unique to the school in its delivery. It was the first time a blended format had been offered. Students attended class three days face to face and two days online. Course assignments and discussions were organised using Moodle,
  • For the networked student project, each student selected a contemporary issue or topic for which he or she had a strong interest
  • Passion for a topic was one means of motivation
  • assessment of each student's ability to synthesise the research
  • The networked student test
  • It addresses the problem of determining the level of structure needed to facilitate networked learning while providing a foundation for greater student control over a personal learning environment
  • to collect student perceptions of the learning experience relative to their autonomy and comfort with the networked learning format
  • two key considerations when introducing the Networked Student Model. The first was student familiarity with web applications used to build the personal learning environment.
  • Second, considerably more structure was required since this was the first time each student embarked on the Networked Student Model.
  • The teacher gauged the level of structure depending upon the student's motivation, comfort with technology, and interest in the topic.
  • Patterns for networked learning
  • The learning environment slowly shifted from the classroom to online.
  • Google is used repeatedly because signing up for one account gave students access to a number of useful learning tools.
  • The level of structure is adjusted based on the prior experience of individual students.
  • Student activitylevel of structure
  • Personal learning environment toolset
  • a new tool was introduced each day over two weeks.
  • personal web page aggregators
  • iGoogle, PageFlakes, NetVibes, and Symbaloo
  • Personal web page compiles learning tools
  • There were four components of the assessment process for this test case of the Networked Student Model: (1) Ongoing performance assessment in the form of weekly assignments to facilitate the construction and maintenance of the personal learning environment, (2) rubric-based assessment of the personal learning environment at the end of the project, (3) written essay, and (4) multimedia synthesis of topic content.
  • Identify ten reliable resources and post to social bookmarking account. At least three new resources should be added each week. Subscribe and respond to at least 3 new blogs each week. Follow these blogs and news alerts using the reader. Subscribe to and listen to at least two podcasts (if available). Respectfully contact and request a video conference from a subject matter expert recognised in the field. Maintain daily notes and highlight resources as needed in digital notebook. Post at least a one-paragraph reflection in personal blog each day.
  • At the end of the project, the personal learning environment was assessed with a rubric that encompassed each of the items listed above.
  • The student's ability to synthesise the research was further evaluated with a reflective essay.
  • The personal blog provided an opportunity for regular reflection during the course of the project.
  • Students were instructed to articulate what was learned about the selected topic and why others should care or be concerned.
  • As part of a final exam, the students were required to access the final projects of their classmates and reflect on what they learned from this exposure
  • to give the students an additional opportunity to share and learn from each other.
  • Creativity is considered a key 21st century skil
  • A number of emerging web applications support the academic creative process
  • Students in this project used web tools to combine text, video, audio, and photographs to teach the research topics to others. The final multimedia project was posted or embedded on the student's personal wiki page.
  • The student-selected topics of study included
  • Video conferences were conducted with
  • All students participated in the video conferences and identified subject matter expertise as a key element of a personal learning environment.
  • Four key areas were targeted to assess the success of the project and determine whether an effective balance between teacher control and student autonomy was achieved:
  • Creation of the personal learning environment as a replacement for a traditional textbook
  • Student use of technology to complete projects was identified as important because the students had little prior exposure to technology as a learning tool.
  • Time management and workload were tangible measures of comparison from the student's perspective and indicated his or her ability to self regulate the learning process.
  • Student perception of whether he or she felt equipped to study other topics in this format with less teacher intervention provided some indication as to whether greater student autonomy was achieved
Enrique Rubio Royo

performance.learning.productivity: ID - Instructional Design or Interactivity Design in... - 0 views

charles-jennings.blogspot.com/...d-instructional-design-or.html

diseño instruccional instructional_design inetravtividad eaprende teaching learning design

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jun 10 - Cached
  • Undoubtedly instructional design is crucial if the mindset is learning events
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 10 Jun 10
       
      Nuevo rol y paradigmas del aprendizaje
  • then ID takes on a whole new dimension.
  • The vast majority of structured learning is content-rich and interaction-poor.
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • These days we’re a little better informed about what constitutes learning.
  • It’s become clear that learning is about action and behaviours, not about how much information you hold in your head.
  • Knowing something doesn’t necessarily mean that you’ve learned it.
  • Dr Ebbinghaus’ experiment revealed we suffer an exponential ‘forgetting curve’ and that about 50% of context-free information is lost in the first hour after acquisition if there is no opportunity to reinforce it with practice.
  • I’ve only learned
  • when I can use the CRM system without constantly asking for help or referring to some documentation.
  • Experience and practice are two of the main ways we change our behaviours and learn.
  • If experience and practice, rather than knowledge acquisition and content, are the drivers of the learning process, what do Instructional Designers need to do to be effective?
  • The need to become Interactivity Designers. That’s what they need to do.
  • learning experience design
  • I find both Clark’s learning experience designer and also the term interactivity designer helpful because they move us beyond instruction to where the real meat of learning is, to actions and interactions, experiences and conversations.
  • We need designers who understand that learning comes from experience, practice, conversations and reflection
  • Designers need to get off the content bus and start thinking about, using, designing and exploiting learning environments full of experiences and interactivity.
  • As they do this they’ll realise that most of the experiences and interactivity they can draw on will occur outside formal learning environments.
  • How can the ID can also be a pedagogical consultant, although the client is still in 20st century teaching paradigm?
  • Instruction doesn't mean transferring content, it means teaching. And that includes learning experiences and interactivity as well as content transfer.
  • Interactivity is not the only requirement to reaching the end state of learning actions and knowledge in order to perform accurately
  • Building confidence and sustaining the motivation to change doesn't necessarily require interaction but does need persuasive language and appropriate use of media as well as connection and access to others
  • Designers also need to prepare people to learn and to practice and apply new knowledge and behaviours.
  • how to bring the experiences to your instructional design
Enrique Rubio Royo

ASCD Inservice: The New Faces of Ed Reform - 0 views

ascd.typepad.com/...new-faces-of-ed-reform.html

formacion de formadores ascd eprofesor reforma educativa

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 21 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • we pulled 10 articles from our EL archives that discuss reforming education with teachers as leaders and partners in meaningful, lasting change:
  • How a school turned itself around, thanks to its on-site experts working together.
  • To upgrade teacher quality
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • They need to give teachers more control.
  • Talent Development, First Things First, and career academies
  • a richer understanding of teaching and learning.
  • distributed leadership.
  • system to ensure that teachers can perform at their best.
  • What school qualities contribute most to teacher growth
  • build the skills and knowledge of those responsible for student learning and seriously engage teachers and the community in setting goals and putting them into practice.
  • Our task was to help a room full of administrators understand the role teachers could play in driving change in schools."
  • Six conditions helped these urban districts launch—and sustain—strong learning communities.
Enrique Rubio Royo

Harold Jarche » Agility and Autonomy - 0 views

www.jarche.com/...agility-and-autonomy

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 06 May 10 - Cached
  • a significant portion of the workforce has not been able to develop the skills to learn for themselves.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 06 May 10
       
      Característica fundamental que sustenta nuestra propuesta de 'eAprendiz'.
  • The message from many workplaces continues to be that good employees wait for their supervisor to tell them what to do.
  • However, when we move away from a “design it first, then build it” mindset, we need to engage everyone in critical and systems thinking. Workers in agile workplaces must be passionate, adaptive, innovative, and collaborative. The way to begin is to become autonomous.
    • Enrique Rubio Royo
      Enrique Rubio Royo on 06 May 10
       
      De nuevo características del 'eAprendiz'.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Developing practical methods, like PKM, is a start on the path to autonomy.
  • A major premise of PKM is that it is Personal and there are many ways to practice it. 
  • Social Learning
  • Social learning is how things get done in networks.
  • Agility is a necessity because we are dealing with increasing complexity.
  • Learner autonomy is a foundation for effective social learning within and without the enterprise and social learning is the lubricant for an agile organization.
  • principles of communicating, focusing on simplicity, releasing often and testing often
  • n order to develop the necessary emergent practices to deal with complexity you need to first cultivate diversity [autonomy of each learner] .
Enrique Rubio Royo

Why does information flow in networks? « Connectivism - 1 views

www.connectivism.ca/?p=311

gsiemens redes_sociales howto SNA ARS

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 09 May 11 - No Cached
  • analysis of the impact of networks on society. Well before Baraba
  • analysis of the impact of networks on society
  • to understand how people connect
  • ...56 more annotations...
  • how information flows through a network
  • our position in a network, and the overlap with other networks, influences the type of information and people that we can acces
  • While networks have always been the backbone structure of society and knowledge,
  • the experience of being part of a network was not fully conscious or even explicit
  • What mattered was who you knew and your role in society
  • overlooks an important question
  • Even the act of connection forming requires explicit activity from a person : “Follow X” or “Accept friend request from X”
  • The online formation of networks is more directive than the offline experienc
  • the connection seems more real, more intentional
  • The daily reality of being connected naturally raises questions about influence of an individual within a network and how information flows within that system
  • Klout analyzes influence
  • The prevalence of social network tools and the attention now devoted to analyzing the shape and attributes of those networks – and the evaluation of how information flows
  • Today, in contrast, our networks are explicit in tools like Facebook, Twitter, email, and LinkedIn.
  • Why? Why does information flow as it does? Why does a person decide to share information with her network?
  • Networks can be analyzed quantitatively to determine
  • I’m interested in the qualitative aspects of information flow
  • Why did you decide to post on your friend’s Facebook wall? Why did you decide to retweet a resource? Why did members of your network decide to retweet your comment?
  • What are the qualitative aspects of information objects that determine its likelihood of being shared or amplified within a network?
  • three elements
  • involved in addressing the question of
  • “why does information flow” in a network
  • 1. The individual.
  • how did the person get to have many followers?
  • He has 12000 followers.
  • Let’s look at someone like Alec Couros on Twitter.
  • He has posted over 55000 tweets (wow!).
  • qualitatively, how does Alec differ from others in his activities on Twitter?
  • because he posts more often?
  • Because he is talented at engaging with individuals?
  • because he replies to more of his followers
  • Does he participate in more network sub-clusters
  • Maybe he’s just a nicer person
  • Clearly, the activities of an individual plays a role in why information flows…
  • Context also influences why information spreads
  • 2. The Context.
  • 3. The Message.
  • This is really the heart of what I’m trying to understand.
  • What are the qualitative attributes of a message that influence why it is shared
  • Two attributes
  • -Relevance
  • a tweet about something happening today is more valuable than
  • -Resonance
  • this is a complex/fuzzy concept
  • When someone posts a link or comment on Twitter, and it resonates with me
  • fears, interests, beliefs
  • the prospect of retweeting is increased.
  • simple coding scheme of what types of messages people post on Twitter:
  • a) to express agreement b) to express outrage c) humour d) social grooming
  • e) self-promote f) raise awareness
  • what would you add?
  • If we have a coding scheme, we can randomly analyze the posting habits of people on Twitter
  • No doubt, the coding process would be better if it was automated
  • sentiment analysis is a big area of focus for social media firms
  • Not only are media firms interested in who is talking about GM or BP, but what are the emotions behind posts on Twitter/FB?
  • Educators are paying attention to social media.
  • Getting at the qualitative aspects of why information flows through networks is a more lucrative direction to consider in transitioning social media use for self and network awareness.
Enrique Rubio Royo

elearnspace › The race to platform education - 0 views

www.elearnspace.org/...the-race-to-platform-education

lms plataforma educacion pearson google openclass tecnologia centralizacion opensource

shared by Enrique Rubio Royo on 17 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Across the full spectrum of education
  • we are witnessing a race to develop platforms
  • tremendous centralization of control is occurring in numerous spaces
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • As liberating as the web is
  • Google
  • /Android, Amazon
  • Facebook
  • with Pearson being the lead runner to date
  • To be effective in the long term, large LMS companies will need to pull more and more of the education experience under their umbrella. Why? Well, technology is getting complex. Very complex. Which means that decisions makers are motivated
  • Google+
  • to platform the educational sector
  • Pearson and Google
  • Open Class:
  • Today Pearson, the publishing and learning technology group, has joined the software giant Google to launch OpenClass, a free LMS that combines standard course-management tools with advanced social networking and community-building, and an open architecture that allows instructors to import whatever material they want, from e-books to YouTube videos.
  • Blackboard acquired Elluminate and Wimba:
  • appear to be making in-roads in this space with
  • to adopt approaches that integrate fairly seamlessly across the education spectrum.
  • Why buy an LMS when you can buy the educational process?
  • Whoever has the platform sets the rules and controls the game.
  • Diversity will be pushed to the margins and Ellul’s fears will be realized in education as they have been realized in much of society.
  • Enrique Rubio Royo on 17 Oct 11
     
    Con motivo del anuncio por parte de Pearson y Google, de la puesta en marcha de la nueva plataforma 'Open Class', excelente reflexión de G. Siemens acerca de la carrera abierta en el sector de la educación, por parte de las grandes empresas de LMS, tal como ya sucedió con Blackboard y su reciente compra de Elluminate y Wimba. ¿A qué se debe ésto?. A la complejidad de la tecnología actual, y a la necesidad en general de adoptar plataformas de convergencia (Social Media, Cloud computing, intranets, etc) y ,en particular la necesidad por parte de los responsables de las instituciones educativas, de propuestas que integren en una sola plataforma el propio 'proceso educacional', con el consiguiente peligro, tal como ha sucedido en otros ámbitos, pues 'quien posee la plataforma define las reglas y controla el juego' (tendencia hacia una centralización en red, tal como ya sucede con Google/Android, Amazon, Facebook, etc). En síntesis, tendencia hacia la centralización en red frente a topologías distribuidas, desplazando la diversidad fuera del 'sistema' y evidenciando los miedos a la tecnología en el sector de la educación (en todo su espectro o niveles) tal como ya ha sucedido en muchas partes de la sociedad. Gratis vs open source.
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