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"Despite a growing effort to implement computational thinking (CT) skills in primary schools, little research is reported about what CT skills to teach at what age. Therefore, the research questions that guide this study read: (1) How is age related to students' success in computational thinking tasks? (2) How are computational thinking tasks perceived by students? (3) How do students' experience learning with respect to computational thinking? 200 primary school students between the age of 6 and 12 participated in this study. These students got introduced to two CT subjects: abstraction and decomposition. We found that age seems to be related with these concepts, with an interaction effect for gender in the abstraction task. No differences found between young and older students in the constructs perceived difficulty, cognitive load, and flow indicate that young primary school students can engage in learning these CT skills."

In 2018 the Netherlands started the development of a new curriculum framework for primary, lower and upper secondary education. New themes in curriculum are Digital Literacy, citizenship and a strong focus on 21st century skills. Digital Literacy is defined as a combination of ICT skills, media literacy, information literacy and Computational Thinking. Starting with a vision on a theme such as Digital Literacy and using this vision as a starting point for describing big ideas. For Digital Literacy eight big ideas were described: data and information, safety and privacy, using and controlling, communication and cooperation, digital citizenship, digital economy, applying and designing, and sustainability. Computational Thinking is integrated in each of these big ideas. The underlying framework for Computational Thinking is based on ISTE and CSTA and each big idea is specified as a learning trajectory describing learning objectives leading to a new legal curriculum framework in 2022.

By Jeannette M. Wing, corporate vice president, Microsoft Research "Not in my lifetime." That's what I said when I was asked whether we would ever see computer science taught in K-12. It was 2009, and I was addressing a gathering of attendees to a workshop on computational thinking convened by the National Academies. I'm happy...

Computational Thinking (CT) is a problem solving process that includes a number of characteristics and dispositions. CT is essential to the development of computer applications, but it can also be used to support problem solving across all disciplines, including the humanities, math, and science. Students who learn CT across the curriculum can begin to see a relationship between academic subjects, as well as between life inside and outside of the classroom."

Computational Thinking (CT) is emerging as a key competence across all disciplines, professions and throughout society. It can be defined as combining problem solving and design to create useful solutions, informed by the possibilities that Computing offers

"Responding to this request, the NCCA carried out research including an audit of curriculum policy related to coding in 22 jurisdictions; a more in-depth investigation in six jurisdictions; and a review of literature on computational thinking. Concluding in a final report with key discussion points and future directions in relation to integrating coding and computational thinking in a redeveloped primary school curriculum."

In 2015 a curriculum framework for Computational Thinking was developed for lower secondary education in the Netherlands. The framework is based on ISTE and CSTA, translated for the curriculum in the Netherlands and validated by experts, teachers, teacher educators and publishers. Based on this validated curriculum a new learning trajectory was designed for primary education, in collaboration with teachers and principals from three schools.

In recent years, many European countries have revised their statutory compulsory education curriculum, introducing basic Computer Science concepts. This has paved the way for the development of students' Computational Thinking (CT) skills. Further impetus in this direction is coming from the European Commission´s Digital Education Action Plan 2021-2027, where quality Computing Education is a key element under the priority "Enhancing digital skills and competences for the digital transformation."

All primary school children in England are required to write computer programs and learn about computational thinking. There are moves in other countries to this effect such as the U.S. K-12 Computer Science Framework (CSF) for development.

The badges featured on this page are issued by Badgeschool and focus specifically on helping early childhood, elementary, and secondary teachers learn how to integrate computational thinking and coding into their classrooms. To learn more about Badgeschool, badges for other technologies, and how you can earn these badges, please visit our FAQ page.

"Learn the basics of programming: Kniwwelino® contains a circuit board based on the Arduino® and Wi-Fi™ technologies and a visual programming interface. A fun environment: The online visual programming interface, in which blocks are assembled like a puzzle, has been designed especially for children. Extensions can be connected to the board to enable them to learn about electronics. Learning by doing: An extensive catalogue of tested and approved fun activities makes progressive and independent learning easier. Kniwwelino® lets children think up and create their own projects. Creative kits: Ready-to-use kits are available to introduce them to and let them create their first projects."

"2019 MakeX Robotics Competition, themed City Lights, challenges young people to solve real-world problems we may face every day including environmental pollution, food safety, recycling, viral infection and more by applying STEAM concepts. 2019 MakeX Robotics Competition is divided into 4 programs based on different difficulty levels and targeting at various age groups. Teams design, build and program robots to complete different themed missions along their journey and develop innovative-thinking, team-building and problem-solving skills in the learning process."

"Automatisierung, Digitalisierung, Computational Thinking, Robotik: Sind unsere Schülerinnen und Schüler bereit für die Zukunft? Wie können wir unseren Kindern helfen, die für das 21. Jahrhundert nötigen Kompetenzen zu entwickeln?"

"The Edison robot is a powerful, engaging tool for teaching kids STEM, computational thinking and computer programming in a hands-on way. "

At the heart of the discipline of artificial intelligence is the idea that one day we'll be able to build a machine that's as smart as a human. Such a system is often referred to as an artificial general intelligence, or AGI, which is a name that distinguishes the concept from the broader field of study. It also makes it clear that true AI possesses intelligence that is both broad and adaptable. To date, we've built countless systems that are superhuman at specific tasks, but none that can match a rat when it comes to general brain power.

"Dit project ondersteunt de bibliotheek bij de doelstelling om de digitale geletterdheid (mediawijsheid, ICT basisvaardigheden, informatievaardigheden en computational thinking) van de doelgroep vier tot twaalf jaar te vergroten. Zo gaan we aan de slag met beleid, programmering, lesbrieven en een community waarin successen en kennis worden gedeeld. Met elkaar worden we wijzer!"

Het concept schoolexamenprogramma Technologie en Toepassing (T&T) is ontwikkeld voor de theoretische en gemengde leerweg van het vmbo. Het concept examenprogramma wordt geëvalueerd in pilots met een aantal scholen. Alleen de pilotscholen mogen T&T als schoolexamenvak aanbieden; zij hebben hiervoor ontheffing gekregen van het ministerie van OCW. Andere vmbo-scholen kunnen het concept schoolexamenvak in de pilotfase alleen als extra-curriculair vak aanbieden. Afhankelijk van het wetgevingstraject zal het examenprogramma op termijn formeel toegankelijk worden voor alle scholen met een gemengde en/of theoretische leerweg.

A Helsinki University researcher says Finland's current digital and 'phenomenon-based' learning methods used in schools may not be suitable for all students

DeepMind is the world leader in artificial intelligence research and its application for positive impact. We're on a scientific mission to push the boundaries of AI, developing programs that can learn to solve any complex problem without needing to be taught how.

Improving our Global Infrastructure: An International Geodesign Collaboration brings together teams from over 90 universities worldwide to design and plan responses to the severe local and global challenges that affect communities in the 21st Century.