steroid hormones typically interact with their cognate receptor in the cytoplasm for AR, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and PR, but may also bind receptor in the nucleus as appears to often be the case for ERα and ERβ
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 23 Mar 16
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Tynor Elbow Support - 0 views
www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Elbow-Support
Wrist Brace Support Double Lock Gives Rigid Support rigid and comfortable to wear provides extra stretch bilayered cotton surface elbow and forearm joint partially immobilize the wrist pain inflammation and stiffness
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Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock is designed with a double lock that will make it simple to apply and remove. Its double lock feature gives rigid support to the wrist. It partially keeps the wrist immobilized. It can easily adjust the compression around the affected area as per the desire. It provides the warming feel to the injured area to allay the local pain and inflammation. It has a high modulus of elasticity which works for a long time, even if use this on a regularl basis. It has striped elastic webbing which is of high quality material. This double lock wrist brace is strong, rigid and comfortable to wear. Its material is porous in nature which keeps the affected area air ventilated. It can adjust the compression pressure according to the will. Its double hook loop locking system is easy to apply and remove as well as comes with universal sizing. This wrist brace provides strength and support to the wrist and keep the wrist protected against the further injury or damage. Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock Wrist brace with double lock is designed to support, protect and partially immobilize the wrist. It compresses the area and retain the body heat to allay local pain and inflammation. Extra grip. Extra porous Controlled compression. Easy application. Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock Features High quality, striped elastic webbing Strong and durable Porous and comfortable High modulus of elasticity- Retains shape and size for a long time. Excellent compressive strength, better support Hook loop Double locking Easy to apply and remove Ensures optimal compression Better fitting and universal sizing. Tynor Elbow Support Elbow support provides firm compression, warmth & support to the forearm and the elbow joint, to allay pain inflammation and stiffness, generally associated with old age, arthritis, sports injury etc. Light weight Four way stretch Freely breathable Soft and comfortable Tynor Elbow Support Features Anatom
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 25 Mar 16
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Best Tennis Elbow Support - 0 views
www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Tennis-Elbow-Support
Tennis Elbow Support Help Relief From Forearm porous and a comfortable material firm grip with silicon pad Custom compression and fit compressive strength and support free and natural movement
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Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb is created to reinforce, prevent and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm. This wrist brace allows natural and free activity of the fingers. It keeps the affected area compact and maintains the body heat to lessen the local pain inflammation. Its has high quality striped elastic webbing which provides high modulus of elasticity which gives the comfortable feel. It is made from the strong, durable, porous and a comfortable material which remains for a long time. This Wrist Brace provides excellent compressive strength and support to the wrist. Its Hook loop closures allow easy application and removal. It fits comfortably around the wrist and comes in universal sizing. It also has an anatomical thumb opening which fastens the healing process. It keeps the thumb in relaxed and comfortable position. Its extra porous material allows the proper ventilation to the affected skin. Wrist brace with thumb is designed to support, protect and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm while allowing free and natural movement of the fingers. It compresses the area and retains the body heat to allay local pain and inflammation. Extra grip. Extra porous Controlled compression. Anatomical thumb placement. Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb Features High quality , striped elastic webbing Strong and durable Porous and comfortable High modulus of elasticity- Retains shape and size for a long time. Excellent compressive strength, better support Hook loop closures Easy to apply and remove Ensures optimal compression Better fitting and universal sizing. Anatomical thumb opening Better pain relief and healing. Thumb in abduction remains relaxed, no fatigue Improves comfort Allows free and natural movement of the thumb and fingers. Tynor tennis elbow support is specially crafted to aid and render relief from generalized pain and tenderness in the forearm and elbow caused by repetitive strain injury due to the firm grip or ac
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 14
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Effects of Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism on Noradrenergic Activity and Glycerol Concentrati... - 0 views
press.endocrine.org/...jc.2003-030576
thyroid hormone adipose tissue adipose fat obesity metabolism noradrenaline norepinephrine
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 29 Mar 16
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Easily Adjust Wrist & Forearm Splint with Thumb - 0 views
www.articlesbase.com/...splint-with-thumb-7416547.html
Easily Adjust Wrist & Forearm Splint with Thumb comfortable support to hand various orthopedic conditions better grip and a snug fit natural movement of the fingers porous and a comfortable material
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Wrist and Forearm Splint is designed to immobilize and provide firm and comfortable support to hand and wrist in various orthopedic conditions. It maintains the wrist in the functional position. Tynor's Wrist & Forearm Splint Right/Left Extra Large is made out of very sturdy PUF fused fabric & malleable, anatomically shaped splints. Designed for perfect support & immobilization of wrist & forearm. Tynor Wrist & Forearm Splint Right/Left is designed to provide comfortable and firm support to the wrist as well as to the forearm. It effectively works during various orthopedic conditions. It will keep the wrist in the functional position and speed up the recovery process. It will feel comfortable and relieved after applying this wrist and forearm support. The PUF fused fabric provide comfortable and smooth feel which does not cause any rashes on the skin. It allows proper ventilation system to the skin area and also the skin to breathe properly. It has aluminum splints which are easy to remove and apply as well as offers a better grip and a snug fit. It also has long length that will permit the easy movement. This brace enables free finger movement. It has a hook loop closure system which provides optimal compression and it can easily adjust it as per the requirement. Its brace has an in-built thumb opening which keeps the thumb relaxed and free from pressure. Wrist and Forearm Splint is designed to immobilize and provide firm and comfortable support to hand and wrist in various orthopedic conditions. It maintains the wrist in the functional position. Aesthetically appealing. Customizable splint. Perfect immobilization. Controlled compression. Anatomical thumb opening. Tynor Wrist & Forearm Splint (Right/Left) Features Made out of PUF fused Matty fabric Breathable Excellent aesthetics Improved comfort Enhanced life. Removable, Aluminum Splints Customized fitting Required degree of dorsi-flexion can be achieved Very good grip and immobilizat
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 25 Mar 16
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Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb - 0 views
www.wheelchairindia.com/...Tynor-Wrist-Brace-with-Thumb
Tennis Elbow Support Help Relief From Forearm porous and a comfortable material firm grip with silicon pad Custom compression and fit compressive strength and support free and natural movement
![](/images/link.gif)
-
Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb is created to reinforce, prevent and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm. This wrist brace allows natural and free activity of the fingers. It keeps the affected area compact and maintains the body heat to lessen the local pain inflammation. Its has high quality striped elastic webbing which provides high modulus of elasticity which gives the comfortable feel. It is made from the strong, durable, porous and a comfortable material which remains for a long time. This Wrist Brace provides excellent compressive strength and support to the wrist. Its Hook loop closures allow easy application and removal. It fits comfortably around the wrist and comes in universal sizing. It also has an anatomical thumb opening which fastens the healing process. It keeps the thumb in relaxed and comfortable position. Its extra porous material allows the proper ventilation to the affected skin. Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb Wrist brace with thumb is designed to support, protect and partially immobilize the wrist and the palm while allowing free and natural movement of the fingers. It compresses the area and retains the body heat to allay local pain and inflammation. Extra grip. Extra porous Controlled compression. Anatomical thumb placement. Tynor Wrist Brace with Thumb Features High quality , striped elastic webbing Strong and durable Porous and comfortable High modulus of elasticity- Retains shape and size for a long time. Excellent compressive strength, better support Hook loop closures Easy to apply and remove Ensures optimal compression Better fitting and universal sizing. Anatomical thumb opening Better pain relief and healing. Thumb in abduction remains relaxed, no fatigue Improves comfort Allows free and natural movement of the thumb and fingers. Tynor Tennis Elbow Support Tennis Elbow Support is designed to help provide relief from generalized pain and tenderness in the forearm and elbow caused by repetitiv
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Preoperative hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with... - 0 views
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Communication between genomic and non-genomic signaling events coordinate steroid hormo... - 0 views
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This ligand binding results in a conformational change in the cytoplasmic NRs that leads to the dissociation of HSPs, translocation of the ligand-bound receptor to the nucleus
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In the nucleus, the ligand-bound receptor dimerizes and then binds to DNA at specific HREs to regulate gene transcription
- ...25 more annotations...
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the genomic effects of steroid hormones take longer, with changes in gene expression occurring on the timescale of hours
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Classical steroid hormone signaling occurs when hormone binds nuclear receptors (NR) in the cytoplasm, setting off a chain of genomic events that results in, among other changes, dimerization and translocation to the nucleus where the ligand-bound receptor forms a complex with coregulators to modulate gene transcription through direct interactions with a hormone response element (HRE)
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NRs have been found at the plasma membrane of cells, where they can propagate signal transduction often through kinase pathways
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Membrane-localized ER, PR and AR have been reported to modulate the activity of MAPK/ERK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), nitric oxide (NO), PKC, calcium flux and increase inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels to promote cell processes including autophagy, proliferation, apoptosis, survival, differentiation, and vasodilation
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ERα36, a 36kDa truncated form of ERα that lacks the transcriptional activation domains of the full-length protein. Membrane-localized ERα36 can activate pathways including protein kinase C (PKC) and/or mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) to promote the progression of various cancers
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G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), also referred to as G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), is a membrane-localized receptor that has been observed to respond to estrogen to activate rapid signaling
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androgen-mediated non-genomic signaling through this GPCR can modulate male fertility, hormone secretion and prostate cancer progression
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non-NR proteins located at the cell surface can bind to steroid hormones and respond by eliciting rapid signaling events
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Estrogens have been shown to induce rapid (i.e. seconds) calcium flux via membrane-localized ER (mER)
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ER-calcium dynamics lead to activation of kinase pathways such as MAPK/ERK which can result in cellular effects like migration and proliferation
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A similar crosstalk occurs between the receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-related growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-IR) and ERα. Not only does IGF-IR activate ERα, but inhibition of IGF-IR downregulates estrogen-mediated ERα activity, suggesting that IGF-IR is essential for maximal ERα signaling
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androgen-bound AR associates with the kinase Src at the plasma membrane, activating Src which then leads to a signaling cascade through MAPK/ERK
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However, Src can also increase the expression of AR target genes by the ligand-independent transactivation of AR
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estrogen modulated the expression of several genes including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) via rapid signaling pathways
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shared by pharmacybiz on 20 Jan 22
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PDA expresses concerns as Boots decides to cut opening hours at some pharmacies - Lates... - 0 views
www.pharmacy.biz/ening-hours-at-some-pharmacies
PDA boots-uk pharmacy-business pharmacy-uk-online latest-trends-in-pharmacy pharmaceutical-trends-2022 pharmaceutical-industry-analysis
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The Pharmacists' Defence Association (PDA) has expressed concerns over Boots UK's decision to reduce supplemental opening hours at some pharmacies. The association stated: "Some pharmacists and other staff at Boots are being notified this week of changes to opening hours at their place of work, with local briefings taking place. The PDA are supporting their members to deal with any potential impact on their employment." It said that reducing pharmacy opening hours would affect patients' access to a trusted healthcare professional, especially if it is being done by the largest community pharmacy multiple. It even called upon the NHS to adequately fund community pharmacies to ensure they remain open when patients and local communities need their services. Meanwhile, Boots management has informed PDA that most of its employees are not pharmacists, and "less pharmacists are expected to be directly impacted by these changes than other colleagues," PDA said.
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Mar 12
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Adrenocortical dysregulation as a major player in insulin resistance and onset of obesity - 0 views
ajpendo.physiology.org/...E1465.long
cortisol insulin resistance metabolic syndrome obesity overweight
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acute GC secretion during stress mobilizes peripheral amino acids from muscle as well as fatty acids and glycerol from peripheral fat stores to provide substrates for glucose synthesis by the liver
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chronically elevated GC levels alter body fat distribution and increase visceral adiposity as well as metabolic abnormalities in a fashion reminiscent of metabolic syndrome
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In adipocytes, cortisol inhibits lipid mobilization in the presence of insulin, thus leading to triglyceride accumulation and retention.
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Since the density of GC receptors is higher in intra-abdominal (visceral) fat than in other fat depots, the activity of cortisol leading to accumulation of fat is accentuated in visceral adipose tissue (24, 158), providing a mechanism by which excessive endogenous or exogenous GC lead to abdominal obesity and IR
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This may be explained by an increased intratissular/cellular concentration of cortisol in adipose tissues
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Intracellular GC may be produced from recycling of GC metabolites such as cortisone in adipose tissues
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Local GC recycling metabolism is mediated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2
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even if obese patients generally have normal or subnormal plasma cortisol concentrations (131, 158), triglyceride accumulation in visceral adipose tissue may be due, at least in part, to the local production of GC in insulin- and GC-responsive organs such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle
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Intraarticular progesterone: effects of a local ... [J Rheumatol. 1988] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Jan 12
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Inflammatory Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease: Inhibition of β-Amyloid-Stimu... - 0 views
www.jneurosci.org/...558.full
microglia microglial cells inflammation Alzheimer's disease neurodegenerative
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PPARγ plays a critical role in regulating the inflammatory responses of microglia and monocytes to β-amyloid
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
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Comparative Studies of the Estrogen Receptors β and α and the Androgen Recept... - 0 views
ajp.amjpathol.org/...fulltext
ER beta ER-beta AR androgen receptors ER alpha ER-alpha prostate disease cancer estrogen receptor hormone hormones men male
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ER-β is predominately immunolocalized in basal cells and to a lesser extent in stromal cells of the morphologically normal human prostate
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AR was predominately localized in the nuclei of differentiated secretory cells and variably in basal cells of the normal acinar/duct unit as well as in stromal cells
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Hall and colleagues44 have reported that ER-β functions as a transdominant inhibitor of ER-α transcription and that it acts to decrease overall cellular sensitivity to estradiol
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The expression of ER-β was diminished in high-grade dysplasias when compared to normal glands and lower grade lesions.
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The transition from normal to low/moderate dysplastic glands in the peripheral zone was marked by the appearance of ER-β homogeneously immunostained nuclei in secretory as well as basal cells with no changes in the localization of the other receptors.
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proliferative signals mediated by AR in basal cells or by ER-α and AR in stromal cells may be opposed by the purported growth-inhibitory action of ER-β25, 26, 27, 28 localized in basal cells.
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The diminution of ER-β expression in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 cancers may be therefore related to the alteration of DNA methylation pattern in CpG islands of the promoter, resulting in down-regulation of the receptor at the transcriptional level
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based on the proposed anti-proliferative function of the receptor,25, 26, 27, 28 the presence of ER-β in secretory cells of low/moderate-grade lesions may represent a transient abortive attempt to counter growth of these cells
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the attrition of receptor-positive basal cells in the high-grade dysplasias may signify a continuing loss of growth inhibitory function mediated by ER-β in these precursor lesions
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Our findings in prostate therefore differ from those reported for human colon cancer in which Folley and colleagues48 demonstrated that a selective loss of ER-β protein but not receptor message expression occurs in these neoplasms
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Our findings therefore differed from those of Bonkhoff and colleagues33 who found immunostaining for the receptor in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 carcinomas. Using in situ hybridization these authors also reported that a high percentage of dysplasias and carcinomas in their study contained cells that expressed ER-α message
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Very nice study. The authors looked at normal prostate, early disease and late stage prostate cancer. The authors found that ER beta expression, as a general rule, was lost as progression occurred to the high-grade dysplasias and grad 4/5 carcinomas of the prostate. Early low/moderate dysplasia was associated with an increase in ER beta--the authors propose that this was due to an attempt of the basal epithelium to counter the paracrine effect of ER alpha. In contrast, androgen receptors appeared to be equally expressed across all.
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Mar 14
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Effectiveness of Primary Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Clinically Localized Prostate... - 0 views
jco.ascopubs.org/...JCO.2013.52.5782
PADT primary androgen deprivation therapy prostate cancer male men hormone hormones
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 13
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Local aromatase expression in human pro - PubMed Mobile - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15126575
aromatase prostate cancer disease Testosterone estrogen estradiol male hormone hormones
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Nov 14
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Mitochondrial Fission Induces Glycolytic Reprogramming in Cancer-Associated Myofibrobla... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3478457
warburg effect Cancer cancer associated fibroblasts CAFs reverse warburg effect lactate aerobic glycolysis mitochondria oxidative stress ROS H2O2
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L-lactate functions as an onco-metabolite, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS in adjacent cancer cells, directly providing energy for tumor growth
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Oxidative stress in stromal fibroblasts then induces their metabolic conversion into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Such oxidative stress drives the onset of autophagy, mitophagy, and aerobic glycolysis in fibroblasts, resulting in the local production of high-energy mitochondrial fuels (such as L-lactate, ketone bodies, and glutamine). These recycled nutrients are then transferred to cancer cells, where they are efficiently burned via oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS)
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stromal L-lactate serves as a high-energy mitochondrial “fuel” for cancer cells. We have termed this new model of cancer metabolism “Two-Compartment Tumor Metabolism”, where two opposing metabolic compartments co-exist, side-by-side, with stromal glycolysis fueling OXPHOS in cancer cells
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Reverse Warburg Effect”, is that catabolic fibroblasts should promote tumor growth, without any increases in angiogenesis
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when cancer cells use L-lactate as a mitochondrial fuel source, this metabolic phenotype is a predictor of lethal cancer metabolism
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mitochondrial dysregulation is likely the “root cause” of several human disease(s), and especially epithelial cancers
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Both in vitro and in vivo studies have now provided convincing evidence that “activated” stromal fibroblasts, a.k.a., myofibroblasts, may play a critical role in initiating tumor recurrence, via paracrine interactions with adjacent tumor epithelial cells
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A new hypothesis is that cancer is not a cell autonomous disease, but rather a disease of the tumor microenvironment
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cancer cells behave as metabolic parasites, by inducing oxidative stress in adjacent normal fibroblasts
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recent experimental evidence indicates that cancer-associated fibroblasts have a catabolic phenotype, and undergo autophagy and mitophagy, resulting in the onset of glycolytic metabolism, driving L-lactate production, and its release into the tumor microenvironment
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oncogenic mutations in cancer cells lead to ROS production and the “secretion” of hydrogen peroxide species
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A good discussion of what is proposed the Reverse Warburg effect. A process by which the local environment dictates tumor progression. The cancer cells release ROS primarily in the form of H2O2 and this leads to Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in the stroma. The altered stromal environment increases ROS further and promotes ocogenic metabolites through the classic Warburg effect. This high lactate production from the CAFs then is used by the cancer cells via classic oxidative phosphorylation. Complex, beautiful and still an the understanding is a work in progress. This study/article points to the importance of oxidative stress in some cancer development through CAFs.
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase accelerates postoperative tumor growth by inhibiting apoptosi... - 0 views
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Tumor regionalization after surgery: Roles of the tumor microenvironment and neutrophil... - 0 views
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tumor surgery must be carefully considered because the risk of metastasis could be increased by the surgical procedure.
- ...61 more annotations...
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surgery results in a serious wound that disrupts the structural barrier preventing the outspreading of cancer cells, change the properties of the cancer cells and stromal cells remaining in the tumor microenvironment, or impairs the host defense systems against cancers
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After the primary tumor is surgically removed, the metastases can start to grow vigorously via neoangiogenesis because the circulating inhibitors disappear
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infection and inflammation during the postoperative period have been reported to increase the risk of cancer recurrence in patients
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Surgeons have long suspected that surgery, even if it is a necessary step in cancer treatment, facilitates cancer metastasis
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Even externally palpitating tumors for diagnosis could increase the numbers of CTCs in skin cancer and breast cancer
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In addition to glucocorticoids, during stimulation of the HPA axis, the catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla
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NK cell suppression may be attributed to increased levels of catecholamines as well as glucocorticoids
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In mice bearing a primary tumor, it was observed that the removal of the primary tumor facilitated the growth of highly vascularized metastases
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second phase of tumor recurrence and metastasis, which are newly acquired events, rather than just outcomes of incomplete treatment.
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formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are large extracellular complexes composed of chromatin and cytoplasmic/granular proteins1
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Once activated, neutrophils produce intracellular precursors by using DNA, histones, and granular and cytoplasmic proteins and then spread the mature form of NETs out around themselves
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neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, lactoferrin, gelatinase, lysozyme C, calprotectin, neutrophil defensins, and cathelicidins
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NETs are present in a variety of cancers, such as lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and leukemia
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the proliferative cytokines TGFβ and IL-10 and the angiogenic factor VEGF are representative of neutrophil-derived tissue repair proteins.
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when neutrophils are excessively stimulated, they produce excess NETs, thereby leading to pathological consequences
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local invasion, intravasation into the blood or lymphatic vessels, escape from the immune system, anchoring to capillaries in target organs, extravasation into the organs, transformation from dormant cells to proliferating cells, colonization to micrometastases, and growth to macrometastases
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NETs and platelets wrap CTCs, which protects them from attack by immune cells and shearing force by blood flow
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After metastasizing to distant tissues, tumor cells are often found to remain dormant for a period of time and unexpectedly regrow late
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NET-associated proteases NE and MMP-9 were found to be responsible for the reactivation of dormant cancer cells
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shared by wheelchairindia9 on 23 Mar 16
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Wrist Brace with Double Lock - 0 views
www.wheelchairindia.com/...r-Wrist-Brace-with-Double-Lock
Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock wrist brace with double lock double lock brace wrist Wrist Brace with Double Lock online wrist brace with double lock online india wrist brace with double lock price buy wrist brace with double lock wrist brace with doub
![](/images/link.gif)
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Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock Wrist brace with double lock is designed to support, protect and partially immobilize the wrist. It compresses the area and retain the body heat to allay local pain and inflammation. Extra grip. Extra porous Controlled compression. Easy application. Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock Features High quality, striped elastic webbing Strong and durable Porous and comfortable High modulus of elasticity- Retains shape and size for a long time. Excellent compressive strength, better support Hook loop Double locking Easy to apply and remove Ensures optimal compression Better fitting and universal sizing. Tynor Wrist Brace with Double Lock Measurements Measure circumference evenly around the wrist joint