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Nathan Goodyear

Seasonal variation of salivary testosterone in... [Physiol Behav. 2011] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    interesting study that showed that testosterone levels in men and women fluctuate seasonally.  The highest levels are found in the fall for both sexes, but lowest during the summer.  Interestingly, birth control eliminated these seasonal variations and resulted in a "flatter seasonal testosterone profile".   So, maybe mean cycle, but on a much different time scale?  Interesting thought.
Nathan Goodyear

Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia - 0 views

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    no surprise that genetic variations play a role in lipid metabolism: in this study they looked at the effects of genetic variations and lipoproteins.
Nathan Goodyear

Seasonal Variation of Testosterone and Waist to Hip Ratio in Men: The Tromsø ... - 0 views

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    Seasonal variations of Testosterone production vary significantly.  This was effected by the waist to hip ratio.  
Nathan Goodyear

Seasonality, waist-to-hip ratio, an... [Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    another article discusses the seasonal variation of testosterone.  Again, testosterone levels are shown to be highest in the fall months and lowest during the summer months.  This has been found to be the case in both sexes.
Nathan Goodyear

Common genetic variation in the IGF1 associates with maximal force output. - Abstract -... - 0 views

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    genetic variations effect the bodies ability to build muscle through protein metabolism. 
Nathan Goodyear

A Review of the Clinical Consequences of Variation in Thyroid Function Within the Refer... - 0 views

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    study finds variation of thyroid values within the reference range have physiologic impact.  The point is: just because the values are "normal" does not mean the thyroid function is normal.
Nathan Goodyear

Salivary steroid assays for assessing variation in... [J Steroid Biochem. 1983] - PubMe... - 0 views

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    Salivary steroid assays for assessing variation in endocrine activity.
Nathan Goodyear

Menstrual variation in salivary testosterone among... [Horm Res. 1992] - PubMed result - 0 views

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    Menstrual variation in salivary testosterone among regularly cycling women.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.andrologyjournal.org/cgi/rapidpdf/jandrol.112.016386v1.pdf - 0 views

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    This study looked at T:E2 levels in men for seasonal fluctuations.  What is interesting, is that the T:E2 ratio is at it's lowest during the fall months and highest during the summer months.  This does conflict somewhat with studies that have looked at seasons fluctuations of T alone.  But, it does correlate with changes in body habitus and activity levels.
Nathan Goodyear

Predictive accuracy and sources of variabil... [Ann Clin Biochem. 2009] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    Study finds variations in calculated free testosterone.  Most of the variability is from the total testosterone, lesser due to the formulas, and third to the SHBG assay.  The point here, is there are too many variables to place a lot of weight on calculated free T in serum. Jus test it in the saliva.
Nathan Goodyear

Endocrinology of the Aging Male - 0 views

  • All steps beyond the formation of pregnenolone take place in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP11A is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyses the rate limiting step of pregnenolone synthesis
  • Estrogen and related steroids, thyroid hormone and insulin increase SHBG levels.
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  • SHBG decreases in response to androgens, and in the presence of hypothyroidism, and insulin resistance.
  • Plasma SHBG levels tend to increase with increasing age
  • The apparent metabolic clearance rate of testosterone is decreased in elderly as compared to younger men
  • Testosterone circulates predominantly bound to the plasma proteins SHBG and albumin, with high and low affinity respectively
  • Testosterone is secreted in a pulsatile fashion
  • Current clinical guidelines suggest at least two measurements
  • In adult men, there is a well-documented diurnal variation (particularly in younger subjects) in testosterone levels, which are highest in the early morning and progressively decline throughout the day to a nadir in the evening
  • In older men, the diurnal variation is blunted
  • it is standard practice for samples to be obtained between 0800 and 1100 h.
  • Testosterone and DHEA decline, whereas LH, FSH, and SHBG rise
  • DHT remains constant despite the decline of its precursor testosterone
  • Longitudinal studies show an average annual decline of 1–2% total testosterone levels, with decline in free testosterone more rapid because of increases in SHBG with aging
  • Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) data show DHEA, DHEAS, and Ae declining at 2–3% per year
  • DHT showed no cross-sectional age trend
  • Androstanediol glucuronide (AAG) declined cross-sectionally with age in the MMAS sample, at 0.6% per year
  • The EMAS data show that, consistent with the longitudinal findings of MMAS (Figure 1), the core hormonal pattern with increasing age is suggestive of incipient primary testicular dysfunction with maintained total testosterone and progressively blunted free testosterone associated with higher LH
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      This author proves the point in the review of these two studies, that TT may remain constant in aging men, however, FT drops.
  • obesity impairs hypothalamic/pituitary function
  • Androgen deprivation in men with prostate cancer has been associated with increased insulin resistance, worse glycemic control, and a significant increase in risk of incident diabetes
  • Low serum testosterone is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome 116, 117 and type 2 diabetes. 118 SHBG has been inversely correlated with type 2 diabetes
  • Improvement in insulin sensitivity with testosterone treatment has been reported in healthy 121 and diabetic 122 adult men
  • In studies conducted in men with central adiposity, testosterone has been shown to inhibit lipoprotein lipase activity in abdominal adipose tissue leading to decreased triglyceride uptake in central fat depots. 123
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    great review of hormone changes associated with aging in men.
Nathan Goodyear

The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published... - 0 views

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    Re-analysis of Carlsen's work on sperm count finds consistent decline in sperm count.  Swan and authors found a 1.5% decline in US men from 1934-1996 and 3% annual decline in European/Australian men over same time frame.  This was a meta-analysis of 101 studies from 1934-1996.  Yes, there is geographical variation, but the overall trend is one of decline.
Nathan Goodyear

Salivary Testosterone and a Trinucleotide (CAG) Length Polymorphism in the Androgen Rec... - 0 views

  • Testosterone correlated inversely with participant age (r = −0.39, p = 0.012) and positively with number of CAG repeats
  • transactivation potential of the AR appears to decline in graded relation to an increasing number of CAG repeats, which are distributed over a normative range of 11–37 and, in Caucasian populations, commonly average 21–22 repeats
  • When activated by androgens, ARs translocate to the cell nucleus, where they exert transcriptional control of androgen-dependent genes by binding to androgen response elements within gene regulatory sequences
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  • some evidence suggests a high number of CAG repeats may be associated with cognitive aging
  • androgens (like other steroid hormones) promote or repress the expression of genes specifying an array of cellular proteins
  • diurnal variation in testosterone levels
  • salivary testosterone correlated negatively with participant age and positively with CAG length variation in the AR gene
  • CAG repeat number varied inversely with reactivity of the ventral amygdala to facial expressions of negative affect
  • higher salivary testosterone was likewise associated with a greater number of AR CAG repeats
  • relative androgen insensitivity in ARs with a larger number of CAG repeats
  • Because circulating testosterone is regulated via negative feedback through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, diminished androgen sensitivity at higher CAG repeat lengths may reduce feedback suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH). LH would then be maintained at higher levels, in turn promoting higher testosterone production
  • Testosterone up-regulates AVP expression in the amygdala
  • Oxytocin exerts an inhibitory influence on AVP expression in the central amygdala, and the synthesis of oxytocin is mediated by estrogen and estrogen receptors
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    Study used saliva to measure Testosterone levels in men.  Testosterone levels were inversely associated with age, but positively associated with CAG repeat sequences in the AR.
Nathan Goodyear

microRNA Expression in Ethnic Specific Early Stage Breast Cancer: an Integration and Co... - 0 views

  • dysregulated miRNA could be involved in tumor cell proliferation and growth as well as cell cycle progression
  • under-expression of miR-497, 376c and 1271 in Lebanese breast cancer tissues
  • The upregulated miR-183 in our samples was predicted to be responsible for the decrease in expression of the BTG1 mRNA whose protein is involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells18.
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  • nother molecule related to cell proliferation that was over-expressed in our data and suggested as a target of downregulated miR-376c is AURKA
  • the over-expression of miR-183 and miR-21 in Lebanese breast cancer tissues is consistent with downregulation of two important tumor suppressor predicted targets: AKAP12 whose protein regulates cellular adhesion dynamics by controlling cytoskeletal architecture, cell migration, and mitogenic signaling20; and LATS2 whose protein causes cell cycle arrest
  • dysregulation in cancer particularly in breast cancer highlights their importance in tumor development
  • mRNA-miRNA integration analysis of early breast cancer revealed a potential role of miRNA in increasing cellular proliferation and progression, and decreasing invasion and migration
  • most of the miRNA dysregulated in Lebanese breast cancer patients are similar to those dysregulated in American patients, differences in miRNA expression exist and could be attributed either to the patients’ age at diagnosis or to ethnic variation in miRNA epigenetic regulation and sequence variation of pre-miRNA
  • the number one cancer killer of women worldwide
  • microRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding 18–25 nucleotide RNA molecules currently being studied as potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for cancer and other diseases
  • Extensive research on these post-transcriptional modulators has proven that they are deregulated in breast cancerous tissues and even in biological fluids from breast cancer patients
  • five candidate miRNAs (miR-10b, miR-148b, miR-221, miR-21, and miR-155)
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    Epigenetics plays a role, via disregulated miRNA, in increased cell growth, progression, and invasion in Lebanese women with breast cancer.  It is not just genetics that play a role, but epigenetics.
Eric Sean

Proper way : Barbell Bent Over Row - YouTube - 0 views

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    Barbell bent over row. There are two different variations that i'm going to show you. The first one is going to be coming directly up the legs and the other one is going to be bent over. Both of them, you want to make sure that you keep your back flat. You want to grab the bar, a little bit wider than shoulder-width apart. I use wraps because my grip isn't real good and after a while it starts to tire. So the wraps will help you to make sure that you get a good grip on it. So the first thing we're going to do, is we are going to go up directly up the legs. So we're going to grab the bar, straighten up, move back to our desired positioning. We're going to bend our waist, push your hips back, we're coming directly up the legs. Shoulders back, chest out.
Nathan Goodyear

Salivary testosterone diurnal variation and psychopathology in adolescent males and fem... - 0 views

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    low testosterone in boys associated with anxiety/depression and attention problems.  Disruptive behavior found in girls with low testosterone.  All determined by salivary testing.
Nathan Goodyear

Chemistry and Structural Biology of Androgen Receptor - 0 views

  • Healthy adult men typically produce approximately 3–10 mg of testosterone per day
  • circulating levels ranging from 300 to 700 ng/dL in eugonadal men
  • endogenous testosterone secretion is pulsatile and diurnal
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  • highest concentration occurring at about 8:00 a.m. and the lowest at about 8:00 p.m.
  • Average serum concentrations and diurnal variation in testosterone diminish as men age
  • 40% is sequestered with high affinity to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
  • almost 60% is bound with low affinity to albumin
  • 2% as free, unbound hormone
  • 5α-DHT has even greater binding affinity to sex hormone-binding globulin than does testosterone
  • 5α-DHT is only about 5% as abundant in the blood as testosterone and is largely derived from peripheral metabolism of testosterone
  • Both 5α-reduction and aromatization are irreversible processes
  • Approximately 90% of an oral dose of testosterone is metabolized before it reaches the systemic circulation
  • there are three modes of action of testosterone. It may directly act through AR in target tissues where 5α-reductase is not expressed, be converted to 5α-DHT (5–10%) by 5α-reductase before binding to AR, or be aromatized to estrogen (0.2%) and act through the estrogen receptor
  • 5α-DHT is a more potent AR ligand than testosterone
  • has 2–10-fold higher potency than testosterone in androgen-responsive tissues
  • estrogen plays a major role in regulating metabolic process,74,75 mood and cognition,76 cardiovascular disease,77,78 sexual function including libido,79 and bone turnover in men
  • Free testosterone is considered the most “biologically active” form
  • testosterone is the major androgen that acts in the “DHT-independent” tissues, such as skeletal muscle, where 5α-reductase is not expressed or is expressed at a very low level
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    good review of androgens and AR.
Nathan Goodyear

Variations in urine excretion of steroid hormones after an acute session and after a 4-... - 0 views

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    4 week resistance training program found to increase androgens in urine; this suggests increased androgen production as a result of the resistance program
Nathan Goodyear

Circadian variation in salivary testosterone across age classes in Ache Amerindian male... - 0 views

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    this article looked at normal testosterone rhythm  via saliva.  Normal testosterone peaks in am and is lowest in pm. The normal testosterone rhythm decreases as a man ages.  This is similar results as seen in serum.
Nathan Goodyear

Diurnal variation of adrenocortical activ... [Neuropsychobiology. 1998] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    adrenocortical dysfunction found to play a role in CFS
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