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Nathan Goodyear

Therapeutic Testosterone Administration Preserves Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in t... - 0 views

www.jneurosci.org/...12312.long

Testosterone polyneuropathy MS multiple Sclerosis Estriol hormones autoimmune disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • direct androgen receptor activation is not a mutually exclusive requirement of testosterone-mediated neuroprotection.
  • Testosterone treatment after EAE induction restores synaptic transmission and corresponding synaptic protein levels within the hippocampus during EAE
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that testosterone enhances hippocampal synaptogenesis
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • This study demonstrates that testosterone treatment either before or after EAE disease induction partially restores deficits in synaptic transmission, preserves presynaptic and postsynaptic integrity, and prevents hippocampal pathology.
  • treatment with a pregnancy estrogen, estriol, can prevent deficits in excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during EAE
  • testosterone is important to the maintenance of normal synaptic spine density in the hippocampus
  • estriol treatment was also capable of preserving levels of synaptic proteins that are known to orchestrate functional synaptic transmission within the hippocampus.
  • Estriol is a therapeutic candidate in MS because it has widespread effects on the immune system and the CNS
  • MS patients have significantly decreased relapse rates during the third trimester of pregnancy, when estriol levels are most elevated, and relapse rates rebound during the postpartum period coinciding with an abrupt decline in serum estriol levels
  • In nonpregnant MS patients, estriol treatment has been shown to significantly reduce gadolinium-enhancing lesion number and volumes measured by MRI
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Mar 15
     
    Testosterone restores/preserves nerve synapsis within the hippocampus in autoimmune demyelinating disease.  Testosterone appears to have neuroprotection.  The authors conclude that the majority of the protective effect was through aromatase activity.
Nathan Goodyear

Antitumor activity of dichloroacetate on C6 glioma cell: in vitro and in vivo evaluation - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3601023

cancer DCA

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • the oral bioavailability of DCA is nearly 100%
  • the oral bioavailability of DCA is almost 100%.
  • DCA can penetrate into the traditional chemotherapy sanctuary sites. Interestingly, it was reported that DCA could penetrate across the BBB,30 exhibiting the potential activity for brain therapy.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • Clinical studies of DCA have shown reduced lactate levels
  • It has been reported that DCA activates the PDH by inhibition of PDK in a dose-dependent manner, and results in increased delivery of pyruvate into the mitochondria
  • The antitumor activity of DCA on nonsmall cell lung cancer, breast cancer, glioblastomas, and endometrial and prostate cancer cells has been demonstrated
  • It is well known that many chemotherapeutic agents have a low therapeutic index in brain tumors.
  • The most common metabolic hallmark of cancer cells is their propensity to metabolize glucose to lactic acid at a high rate even in the presence of oxygen
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is a gate-keeping enzyme that regulates the flux of carbohydrates (pyruvate) into the mitochondria
  • In the presence of activated PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a critical enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA instead of lactate in glycolysis, is inhibited, limiting the entry of pyruvate into the mitochondria.
  • the level of Hsp70 was significantly decreased
  • DCA can penetrate the BBB
  • It has been reported that DCA treatment resulted in an increase in the proportion of tumor cells in the S phase, showing a decrease in proliferation as well as the induction of apoptosis
  • Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are involved in protein folding, aggregation, transport, and/or stabilization by acting as a molecular chaperone, leading to the inhibition of apoptosis by both caspase-dependent and/or independent pathways
  • HSPs are overexpressed in a wide range of human cancers and are implicated in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis
  • Considering the fact that high expression of HSPs is essential for cancer survival, the inhibition of HSPs is an important strategy of anticancer therapy.
  • In addition, after 5 years of continued treatment with oral DCA at a dose of 25 mg/kg, the serum DCA levels are only slightly increased compared with the levels after the first several doses, also showing its safety for oral administration at this dose.
  • DCA can enter the circulation rapidly after oral administration and then generate the stimulation of PDH activity generally within minutes.
  • Our in vivo results in tumor tissues indicated that DCA significantly induced ROS production and decreased MMP in tumor tissues
  • The numbers of microvessels in the DCA treatment groups were significantly decreased, suggesting the potential antiangiogenic effect of DCA
  • Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) is activated and induces angiogenesis
  • In addition, HIF-1α can also induce the expression of PDK,48 which can inhibit the activity of PDH
  • The inhibition effect of DCA on HIF-1α would decrease vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibit angiogenesis
  • the antiangiogenic effect in the 25 mg/kg treatment group was lower than that in 75 mg/kg or 125 mg/kg treatment groups
  • In conclusion, DCA induces the apoptosis of C6 cells through the activation of the mitochondrial pathway, arresting the cell cycle of C6 cells in S phase and down-regulating Hsp70 expression.
  • DCA significantly induced the ROS production and decreased the MMP in tumor tissues. Our in vivo antitumor activity results also indicated that DCA has an antiangiogenic effect
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 14
     
    DCA as proposed therapy in cancer.
fnfdoc

Appendicitis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Health Blog - 0 views

fnfdoc.com/...itis-causes-symptoms-treatment

Appendicitis Causes Symptoms Treatment Types Appendix Pain

shared by fnfdoc on 02 Jul 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 02 Jul 18
     
    What Is Appendicitis? How to diagnose Appendicitis? Where is Appendix pain located In this article, we hope you can find all of your answers related to Appendicitis. We covered everything about Appendicitis. We discussed types, causes, symptoms, tests, and treatment of Appendicitis.
  • fnfdoc on 02 Jul 18
     
    Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, which is a small tube of intestinal tissue that projects from the large intestine. While the appendix does not seem to have a particular function, one theory suggests that it acts as a storehouse of good bacteria and boosts immunity after diarrheal illness. However, some experts believe the appendix is just a purposeless remnant from our evolutionary past. One thing we're sure of is that we can live without it, without any apparent consequences.
fnfdoc

Acne Problems Diagnose And Treatment | Your Health Our Priority - 0 views

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Acne Symptoms Treatment Causes Of

shared by fnfdoc on 30 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 30 Apr 18
     
    Acne commonly named vulgaris, a disorder of hair follicles of the face, back and chest or neck.acne also characterized by blackheads or whiteheads on oily skin (Pimples). Dermatologists find different treatments for improvement of this disorder by regulating oil-producing glands.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin C preferentially kills cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma via SVCT-2... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...s41698-017-0044-8

cancer cancer stem cells liver cancer vitamin C IV vitamin C oncology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • Chen et al. have revealed that ascorbate at pharmacologic concentrations (0.3–20 mM) achieved only by intravenously (i.v.) administration selectively kills a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro, but has little cytotoxic effect on normal cells.
  • Ascorbic acid (the reduced form of vitamin C) is specifically transported into cells by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs)
  • SVCT-1 is predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues
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  • whereas the expression of SVCT-2 is ubiquitous
  • differential sensitivity to VC may result from variations in VC flow into cells, which is dependent on SVCT-2 expression.
  • high-dose VC significantly impaired both the tumorspheres initiation (Fig. 4d, e) and the growth of established tumorspheres derived from HCC cells (Fig. 4f, g) in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
  • The antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), preventing VC-induced ROS production (a ROS scavenger), completely restored the viability and colony formation among VC-treated cells
  • DNA double-strand damage was found following VC treatment
  • DNA damage was prevented by NAC
  • Interestingly, the combination of VC and cisplatin was even more effective in reducing tumor growth and weight
  • Consistent with the in vitro results, stemness-related genes expressions in tumor xenograft were remarkably reduced after VC or VC+cisplatin treatment, whereas conventional cisplatin therapy alone led to the increase of CSCs
  • VC is one of the numerous common hepatoprotectants.
  • Interestingly, at extracellular concentrations greater than 1 mM, VC induces strong cytotoxicity to cancer cells including liver cancer cells
  • we hypothesized that intravenous VC might reduce the risk of recurrence in HCC patients after curative liver resection.
  • Intriguingly, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) for patients who received intravenous VC was 24%, as opposed to 15% for no intravenous VC-treated patients
  • Median DFS time for VC users was 25.2 vs. 18 months for VC non-users
  • intravenous VC use is linked to improved DFS in HCC patients.
  • In this study, based on the elevated expression of SVCT-2, which is responsible for VC uptake, in liver CSCs, we revealed that clinically achievable concentrations of VC preferentially eradicated liver CSCs in vitro and in vivo
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Jan 18
       
      the authors here made similar mistakes to the Mayo authors i.e. under doses here in this study.  They dosed at only 2 grams IVC.  A woefully low dose of IVC.
  • Additionally, we found that intravenous VC reduced the risk of post-surgical HCC progression in a retrospective cohort study.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Jan 18
       
      positive results despite a low dose used.
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Jan 18
       
      Their comfort zone was 1mM.  They should have targeted 20-40 mM.
  • Three hundred thirty-nine participants (55.3%) received 2 g intravenous VC for 4 or more days after initial hepatectomy
  • As the key protein responsible for VC uptake in the liver, SVCT-2 played crucial roles in regulating the sensitivity to ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity
  • we also observed that SVCT-2 was highly expressed in human HCC samples and preferentially elevated in liver CSCs
  • SVCT-2 might serve as a potential CSC marker and therapeutic target in HCC
  • CSCs play critical roles in regulating tumor initiation, relapse, and chemoresistance
  • we revealed that VC treatment dramatically reduced the self-renewal ability, expression levels of CSC-associated genes, and percentages of CSCs in HCC, indicating that CSCs were more susceptible to VC-induced cell death
  • as a drug for eradicating CSCs, VC may represent a promising strategy for treatment of HCC, alone or particularly in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs
  • In HCC, we found that VC-generated ROS caused genotoxic stress (DNA damage) and metabolic stress (ATP depletion), which further activated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, leading to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCC cells
  • we demonstrated a synergistic effect of VC and chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin on killing HCC both in vitro and in vivo
  • Intravenous VC has also been reported to reduce chemotherapy-associated toxicity of carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients,38 but the specific mechanism needs further investigation
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Jan 18
       
      so, exclude the benefit to patients until the exact mechanism of action, which will never be fully elicited?!?!?
  • Our retrospective cohort study also showed that intravenous VC use (2 g) was related to the improved DFS in HCC patients after initial hepatectomy
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 31 Jan 18
       
      Terribly inadequate dose.  Target is 20-40 mM which other studies have found occur with 50-75 grams of IVC.
  • several clinical trials of high-dose intravenous VC have been conducted in patients with advanced cancer and have revealed improved quality of life and prolonged OS
  • high-dose VC was not toxic to immune cells and major immune cell subpopulations in vivo
  • high recurrence rate and heterogeneity
  • tumor progression, metastasis, and chemotherapy-resistance
  • SVCT-2 was highly expressed in HCC samples in comparison to peri-tumor tissues
  • high expression (grade 2+/3+) of SVCT-2 was in agreement with poorer overall survival (OS) of HCC patients (Fig. 1c) and more aggressive tumor behavior
  • SVCT-2 is enriched in liver CSCs
  • these data suggest that SVCT-2 is preferentially expressed in liver CSCs and is required for the maintenance of liver CSCs.
  • pharmacologic concentrations of plasma VC higher than 0.3 mM are achievable only from i.v. administration
  • The viabilities of HCC cells were dramatically decreased after exposure to VC in dose-dependent manner
  • VC and cisplatin combination further caused cell apoptosis in tumor xenograft
  • These results verify that VC inhibits tumor growth in HCC PDX models and SVCT-2 expression level is associated with VC response
  • qPCR and IHC analysis demonstrated that expression levels of CSC-associated genes and percentages of CSCs in PDXs dramatically declined after VC treatment, confirming the inhibitory role of VC in liver CSCs
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Jan 18
     
    IV vitamin C in vitro and in vivo found to "preferentially" eradicate cancer stem cells.  In addition, IV vitamin C was found to be adjunctive to chemotherapy, found to be hepatoprotectant.  This study also looked at SVCT-2, which is the transport protein important in liver C uptake.
Nathan Goodyear

INSULIN RESISTANCE AS AN ADVERSE EFFECT OF LEUPROLIDE AND BICALUTAMIDE TREATMENT | The ... - 0 views

academic.oup.com/...553139

diabetes insulin resistance Lupron prostate cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Aug 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Aug 21
     
    Lupron clearly worsened IR in the treatment of prostate cancer. What good is a treatment if it helps in one area, yet contributes to morbidity and mortality in another.
indiacardiacsurg

With Bentall Surgery Success Rate in India It is Fast Becoming Preferred Choice - 0 views

www.freeprnow.com/...fast-becoming-preferred-choice

Bentall treatment top cardiac surgeons for Bentall surgery Bentall surgery in India Cost of Bentall Procedure India Best Hospitals for Bentall Procedure India Low Cost Bentall Procedure India

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 02 Oct 21 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 02 Oct 21
     
    India is a specialist destination for Bentall treatment. A number of the exceptional international famed top cardiac surgeons for Bentall surgery in India provide treatment packages for USA patients. India Cardiac Surgery Hospital International Helpline Number : +91-9370586696 Email id: enquiry@indiacardiacsurgerysite.com
Nathan Goodyear

The Role of Vitamin C in Human Immunity and Its Treatment Potential Against COVID-19: A... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC9925039

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 COVID WBC ascorbic acid vitamin C

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23 - No Cached
  • vitamins A, B, C, E, B6, B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium
  • White blood cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, accumulate concentrations of vitamin C up to 100 times greater than that of plasma
  • Vitamin C is a crucial component of both the innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) portions of the immune system
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  • play a role during the initial chemotactic response of neutrophils shortly after infection
  • following vitamin C supplementation, a 20% increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity was observed
  • also contributes to the phagocytosis and killing of microbes by neutrophils
  • low levels of vitamin C occurring in high-stress situations
  • maturation, proliferation, and viability of T cells have all been shown to be upregulated by the presence of normal physiologic concentrations of vitamin C
  • Vitamin C has been shown to directly affect the number of Igs released from B cells
  • vitamin C among healthy young adult males showed a significant increase in serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM
  • effects of high-dose vitamin C on cytokine levels in cancer patients, finding decreased amounts of the cytokines Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after high-dose vitamin C infusion
  • when vitamin C was supplemented with vitamin E in healthy adults, it increased the production of cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha
  • vitamin C acts to modulate the levels of cytokines to prevent them from fluctuating in either direction
  • vitamin C also acts as an important antioxidant to the cells of the immune system.
  • human leukocytes, neutrophils, in particular, possess the ability to transport the oxidized form of vitamin C across its membrane to use as a defense mechanism against ROS produced during an immune response
  • Vitamin C also can recover other endogenous antioxidants in the body such as vitamin E and glutathione, returning them to their active state
  • vitamin C can decrease the activation of NF-kB
  • can reduce harmful nitrogen-based compounds such as N-nitrosamines and nitrosamides, both of which are carcinogenic 
  • subjects taking oral vitamin C supplementation saw a 60% to 90% reduction in oxidative stress compared to a placebo control
  • subjects infused with vitamin C alone had a 516% increase in glutathione levels compared to subjects not provided the 500 mg daily supplementation
  • hydroxylating proline and lysine
  • mature and stabilize the tissue of a healing wound
  • healing
  • oral surgery
  • improved soft tissue regeneration
  • vitamin C increases the mRNA levels of type I and type III collagen in the human dermis
  • Studies have demonstrated that those with low levels of vitamin C are at a significantly higher risk of respiratory infection compared to those with normal levels
  • viral cold duration was reduced by about 8% in adults and 13.5% in children using prophylactic daily doses of 200 mg of oral vitamin C
  • prophylactically supplementing vitamin C decreases the risk of infection with respiratory viruses such as the common cold
  • combined with probiotics, oral vitamin C supplementation showed a 33% decrease in the incidence of respiratory tract infections in preschool-age children [
  • high-dose oral supplementation of vitamin C managed to prevent or reduce symptoms if taken before or just after the onset of cold- or flu-like symptoms
  • improvements in oxygen saturation and decreased IL-6 levels (a marker of inflammation) in the treatment group compared to the control group
  • 8 g doses of oral vitamin C
  • there is a negative correlation between age and serum levels of vitamin C
  • Patients with COVID-19 will likely also experience depletion in serum levels of vitamin C as a direct result of the upregulation of the immune system to combat the infection
  • Colunga et al. suggested that oral vitamin C can be combined with oral Quercetin, an antiviral flavonoid, to improve Quercetin’s ability to block viral membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2
  • high doses of 1-2 g/day of oral vitamin C could prevent other upper respiratory infections
  • It appears vitamin C supplementation by itself does not provide a striking benefit in preventing COVID-19 infection for those without a deficiency
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Flawed statement. What is normal? Vitamin D. Many variables effect levels and dose, including the two compartment kinetics and absorption.
  • Hiedra et al. were able to show decreases in inflammatory biomarkers, such as D-dimer and ferritin
  • some evidence to support that prophylactic use of vitamin C helps reduce the severity of respiratory infection symptoms once a subject has already been infected
  • oral vitamin C in combination with zinc provided the largest amount of antibody titers 42 days
  • linear relationship between days of vitamin C therapy and survival duration
  • other studies were unable to find any definitive improvement concerning therapy with vitamin C
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Either these studies are designed to fail or the authors are lacking some basic understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with vitamin C.
  • Fowler et al. aimed to see if a high-dose vitamin C infusion would benefit patients affected by ARDS, but they were unable to conclude that vitamin C infusion, compared to a placebo, could decrease vascular inflammation and damage in ARDS
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      At what dose, duration, frequency???
  • in a sample of 67 COVID-19-positive ICU patients, 82% of them displayed plasma vitamin C levels below 0.4 mg/dL
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      They are kind of make the point from my earlier note.
  • continuous vitamin C infusion at a rate of 60 mg/kg/day for four days decreased the need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use but had no significant effect on overall mortality
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      Again, designed to fail or ignorance designed the study which failed
  • Carr et al. suggested that high-dose IV vitamin C is most effective when treating sepsis as septic patients receiving the normal daily recommendations through diet still showed decreased vitamin C levels
  • High-dose IV vitamin C treatment has also been shown by Kakodkar et al. to decrease syndecan-1, an endothelial glycocalyx that contributes to mortality in septic patients
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
  • reduced overall mortality
  • reduced overall mortality
  • propose the use for high-dose vitamin C to aid in the treatment of septic shock-induced hypotension
  • treatment of severe sepsis using a high dose (up to 200 mg/kg/day) of IV vitamin C was explored in phase I, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Fowler et al. [75]. Their findings included a reduction in SOFA scores and decreased vascular injury compared to a placebo control group, all while showing minimal adverse side effects
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      High dose here is laughable. Again, duration and frequency also.
  • Maintaining a daily intake of 75 and 100 mg for men and women, respectively, as recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 23
       
      This recommendation is FRANK IGNORANCE
harshitatyagi

Is it moral/ethical to use assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in-vitro fe... - 0 views

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Infertility Treatment Fertility Treatment IVF Treatment Assisted Reproductive Technology

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  • harshitatyagi on 09 Nov 22
     
    Yes, it is completely fine to opt In-vitro fertilization when suffering from infertility, It is the most popular method accepted all around the globe, and only due to this treatment method many couples have been able to become parents.
laxmi2022

Best Rheumatologist Doctor in Pune | Dr. Laxmi Waprani - 0 views

www.arthritisandbackpainclinic.com/arthritis-treatment-pune

#rheumatologistinPune #rheumatologist #rheumatologistdoctorinpune #rheumatologistdoctor #rheumatoidarthritistreatmentinpune #rheumatoidarthritistreatment #rheumatoidarthritisdoctorsinpune #rheumatoidarthritisdoctor #arthritis #arthritispatients

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  • laxmi2022 on 29 Jan 22
     
    Dr. Laxmi Waprani is a Rheumatologist in Pune. She specializes in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis. Provide best treatment for arthritis patients in pune.
spineneuro

Quality VBT Surgery at a Fraction of the Cost in India - 0 views

spineandneuro.livepositively.com/-fraction-of-the-cost-in-india

cost of VBT surgery in India VBT surgery in India VBT surgery in India hospital Scoliosis Treatment in India

shared by spineneuro on 20 Apr 24 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 20 Apr 24
     
    The affordability of cost of VBT surgery in India, coupled with high success rates, further enhances its appeal to patients seeking effective spinal treatment options. At the same time, the cost of VBT surgery in India is significantly lower compared to other countries, making it a wise decision for patients to travel to India for surgical treatment.
spineneuro

Epilepsy Treatment in India: Accessible Care and Advanced Solutions - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...le-care-and-advanced-solutions

Epilepsy Treatment in India Epilepsy epilepsy surgeons in India 2 BEST Epilepsy Surgeons in India

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  • spineneuro on 15 Apr 24
     
    Epilepsy surgeons in India may have specialized training and a track record of successful surgeries and positive patient outcomes. Epilepsy surgeons in India often engage in ongoing research and stay updated on the latest advancements in the field. This commitment to innovation allows patients to benefit from cutting-edge surgical techniques and treatment modalities.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R25.full

male hormone hormones testosterone hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13 - No Cached
  • E2 and the inflammatory adipocytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6) inhibit hypothalamic production of GNRH and subsequent release of LH and FSH from the pituitary
  • Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone with a well-known role in regulation of body weight and food intake, also induces LH release under normal conditions via stimulation of hypothalamic GNRH neurons
  • In human obesity, whereby adipocytes are producing elevated amounts of leptin, the hypothalamic–pituitary axis becomes leptin resistant
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  • there is evidence from animal studies that leptin resistance, inflammation and oestrogens inhibit neuronal release of kisspeptin
  • Beyond hypothalamic action, leptin also directly inhibits the stimulatory action of gonadotrophins on the Leydig cells of the testis to decrease testosterone production; therefore, elevated leptin levels in obesity may further diminish androgen status
  • Prostate cancer patients with pre-existing T2DM show a further deterioration of insulin resistance and worsening of diabetic control following ADT
  • ADT for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma in some large epidemiological studies has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing MetS and T2DM
  • Non-diabetic men undergoing androgen ablation show increased occurrence of new-onset diabetes and demonstrate elevated insulin levels and worsening glycaemic control
  • increasing insulin resistance assessed by glucose tolerence test and hypoglycemic clamp was shown to be associated with a decrease in Leydig cell testosterone secretion in men
  • The response to testosterone replacement of insulin sensitivity is in part dependent on the androgen receptor (AR)
  • Low levels of testosterone have been associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile, characterised by high LDL and triglyceride levels
  • a positive correlation between serum testosterone and HDL has been reported in both healthy and diabetic men
  • up to 70% of the body's insulin sensitivity is accounted for by muscle
  • Testosterone deficiency is associated with a decrease in lean body mass
  • relative muscle mass is inversely associated with insulin resistance and pre-diabetes
  • GLUT4 and IRS1 were up-regulated in cultured adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells following testosterone treatment at low dose and short-time incubations
  • local conversion of testosterone to DHT and activation of AR may be important for glucose uptake
  • inverse correlation between testosterone levels and adverse mitochondrial function
  • orchidectomy of male Wistar rats and associated testosterone deficiency induced increased absorption of glucose from the intestine
  • (Kelley & Mandarino 2000). Frederiksen et al. (2012a) recently demonstrated that testosterone may influence components of metabolic flexibility as 6 months of transdermal testosterone treatment in aging men with low–normal bioavailable testosterone levels increased lipid oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation during the fasting state.
  • Decreased lipid oxidation coupled with diet-induced chronic FA elevation is linked to increased accumulation of myocellular lipid, in particular diacylglycerol and/or ceramide in myocytes
  • In the Chang human adult liver cell line, insulin receptor mRNA expression was significantly increased following exposure to testosterone
  • Testosterone deprivation via castration of male rats led to decreased expression of Glut4 in liver tissue, as well as adipose and muscle
  • oestrogen was found to increase the expression of insulin receptors in insulin-resistant HepG2 human liver cell line
  • FFA decrease hepatic insulin binding and extraction, increase hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase hepatic insulin resistance.
  • Only one, albeit large-scale, population-based cross-sectional study reports an association between low serum testosterone concentrations and hepatic steatosis in men (Völzke et al. 2010)
  • This suggests that testosterone may confer some of its beneficial effects on hepatic lipid metabolism via conversion to E2 and subsequent activation of ERα.
  • hypogonadal men exhibiting a reduced lean body mass and an increased fat mass, abdominal or central obesity
  • visceral adipose tissue was inversely correlated with bioavailable testosterone
  • there was no change in visceral fat mass in aged men with low testosterone levels following 6 months of transdermal TRT, yet subcutaneous fat mass was significantly reduced in both the thigh and the abdominal areas when analysed by MRI (Frederiksen et al. 2012b)
  • ADT of prostate cancer patients increased both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in a 12-month prospective observational study (Hamilton et al. 2011)
  • Catecholamines are the major lipolysis regulating hormones in man and regulate adipocyte lipolysis through activation of adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP
  • deficiency of androgen action decreases lipolysis and is primarily responsible for the induction of obesity (Yanase et al. 2008)
  • may be some regional differences in the action of testosterone on subcutaneous and visceral adipose function
  • proinflammatory adipocytokines IL1, IL6 and TNFα are increased in obesity with a downstream effect that stimulates liver production of CRP
  • observational evidence suggests that IL1β, IL6, TNFα and CRP are inversely associated with serum testosterone levels in patients
  • TRT has been reported to significantly reduce these proinflammatory mediators
  • This suggests a role for AR in the metabolic actions of testosterone on fat accumulation and adipose tissue inflammatory response
  • testosterone treatment may have beneficial effects on preventing the pathogenesis of obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis, decreasing triglyceride uptake and storage, increasing lipolysis, influencing lipoprotein content and function and may directly reduce fat mass and increase muscle mass
  • Early interventional studies suggest that TRT in hypogonadal men with T2DM and/or MetS has beneficial effects on lipids, adiposity and parameters of insulin sensitivity and glucose control
  • Evidence that whole-body insulin sensitivity is reduced in testosterone deficiency and increases with testosterone replacement supports a key role of this hormone in glucose and lipid metabolism
  • Impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues is characterised by defects in insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity, in particular into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glycogen synthesis in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13
     
    Great review of the Hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor α and β in the normal immune system and in lymphoid maligna... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0303720713002207

ER estrogen receptors ER beta cancer lymphoma hormone hormones receptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jun 13
     
    ER beta receptors have future in the treatment of cancer.  ER beta is a known growth inhibitor and this study proposes that ER beta is a means to aid lymphoma treatment.
hadiyasafdar

All You Need to Know About Fat Transfer in Dubai - 0 views

dubaicosmeticsurgeryclinics.blogspot.com/...o-know-about-fat-transfer.html

#FatInjectionDubai #ButtockLiftDubai #FatInjectionTreatmentDubai #ButtockLiftsurgeryDubai

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  • hadiyasafdar on 13 Jan 17
     
    * What is fat injection Dubai? * What buttock lift in Dubai can do for you? * The results of the respective treatments * Benefits of the respective treatments
Nathan Goodyear

http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/179/1/35.full.pdf - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...35.full.pdf

homocysteine Testosterone low T low Testosterone testosterone replacement therapy B12 folic acid

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jul 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 Jul 16
     
    study finds no correlation between gonadotropin levels, increasing Testosterone levels and homocysteine levels.  The treatment group had significant decline in folic acid and B12 after 6 months of treatment and this correlated with the decline in homocysteine.
Shelia Morales

Best Skincare & Benefits of Botox in Swansea, St.Louis - 0 views

www.fyple.com/...nti-aging-and-wellness-q1ssqsa

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shared by Shelia Morales on 08 Aug 16 - No Cached
  • Shelia Morales on 08 Aug 16
     
    Ooh La La Spa, Anti-Aging and Wellness is committed to providing only the highest quality services and products. Our services are custom tailored to meet our patients' individual needs. Whether this is your first treatment or you are a returning patient, our experienced and friendly staff is dedicated to making your treatment a remarkable experience!
Nathan Goodyear

JAMA Network | JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association | Probiotics for t... - 0 views

jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx

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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 12
     
    probiotics shown to not only prevent antibiotic induced diarrhea; but to be effective as a treatment. 
teremoso

Non Surgical Face Lift Hamilton Facial Rejuvenation - 4 views

This is actually an innovative beauty support that is actually distinctive throughout the market and has the prospective to improve your general wellness and help you look fresh. Microcurrent i...

Non Surgical Face Lift Hamilton

started by teremoso on 21 May 12 no follow-up yet
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