As the cortisol and DHEA levels in saliva reflected those in serum, the measurement of steroid levels in saliva provide a useful and practical tool to evaluate adrenal functions, which are essential for clinical diagnosis.
2More
Salivary cortisol and DHEA levels in the Korean po... [Yonsei Med J. 2007] - PubMed result - 0 views
2More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 11
- No Cached
Salivary sex hormone measurement in a national, po... [J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19204073
saliva salivary estradiol progesterone DHEA testosterone hormone hormones
![](/images/link.gif)
-
These data demonstrate a high cooperation rate with in-home salivary specimen collection from older adults and good validity of sex hormone measurements
1More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 Mar 14
- No Cached
Testosterone therapy for reduced libido in women - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3474615
Testosterone treatment therapy women libido female hormone hormones
![](/images/link.gif)
1More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Jan 15
- No Cached
The benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy: a review - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2701485
Testosterone therapy treatment low T low Testosterone men male hormone hormones
![](/images/link.gif)
1More
Purchase infusion pumps | Willow Medical - 0 views
1More
Blastocystis: Consensus of treatment and controversies - 0 views
1More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jul 14
- No Cached
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3820047
NCGS non-celiac gluten sensitivity gluten sensitivity intolerance celiac disease gut inflammation food diet nutrition
![](/images/link.gif)
1More
The impact of vitamin D in breast cancer: genomics, pathways, metabolism - 0 views
-
Good review of data on vitamin D, Vitamin D receptors and cancer risk. Studies have shown that low Vitamin D levels are associated with increased cancer risk and that higher vitamin D levels are associated with reduced cancer risk. The ability to fully map out vitamin Ds role in the physiology is probably difficult due to the heterogeneity of cancer development and physiology.
2More
Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction - 0 views
8More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15
- No Cached
Intravenous Fluid Use in Athletes - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3435915
IV nutrition intravenous fluids exercise sports medicine sports athlete athletes
![](/images/link.gif)
-
There may be physiological benefits of decreased heart rate and norepinephrine in athletes rehydrated via IV route
- ...4 more annotations...
-
Postexercise blood 1 hour and 24 hours showed no differences in circulating myoglobin or creatine kinase
-
The rapid increase in plasma volume is transient, and no measureable difference between IV and oral prehydration exists after 15 minutes of exercise
1More
Cracking the Code for Thyroid Hormone Signaling - 0 views
1More
The Use of Therapeutic Peptides to Target and to Kill Cancer Cells - 0 views
1More
The Role of Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling Pathways in Cancer: Targets for Prevention and ... - 0 views
1More
Thyroid hormone receptors and resistance to thyroid hormone disorders - 0 views
91More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jul 17
- No Cached
Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer | Nutr... - 0 views
nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/...s12986-017-0178-2
ketogenic diet ketogenic press-pulse hyperbaric oxygen therapy HBOTnutrition diet cancer HBOT IVC IV vitamin C DCA dichloracetic acid cancer therapy cancer treatment alternative cancer treatment
![](/images/link.gif)
mamdouh_hfz liked it
-
A “press” disturbance was considered a chronic environmental stress on all organisms in an ecological community
-
“pulse” disturbances were considered acute events that disrupted biological communities to produce high mortality
- ...84 more annotations...
-
Data from the American Cancer Society show that the rate of increase in cancer deaths/year (3.4%) was two-fold greater than the rate of increase in new cases/year (1.7%) from 2013 to 2017
-
glucose is first split into two molecules of pyruvate through the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas glycolytic pathway in the cytosol
-
Aerobic fermentation, on the other hand, involves the production of lactic acid under normoxic conditions
-
persistent lactic acid production in the presence of adequate oxygen is indicative of abnormal respiration
-
The Crabtree effect is an artifact of the in vitro environment and involves the glucose-induced suppression of respiration with a corresponding elevation of lactic acid production even under hyperoxic (pO2 = 120–160 mmHg) conditions associated with cell culture
-
the Warburg theory of insufficient aerobic respiration remains as the most credible explanation for the origin of tumor cells [2, 37, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57].
-
The main points of Warburg’s theory are; 1) insufficient respiration is the predisposing initiator of tumorigenesis and ultimately cancer, 2) energy through glycolysis gradually compensates for insufficient energy through respiration, 3) cancer cells continue to produce lactic acid in the presence of oxygen, and 4) respiratory insufficiency eventually becomes irreversible
-
Efraim Racker coined the term “Warburg effect”, which refers to the aerobic glycolysis that occurs in cancer cells
-
Warburg clearly demonstrated that aerobic fermentation (aerobic glycolysis) is an effect, and not the cause, of insufficient respiration
-
all tumor cells that have been examined to date contain abnormalities in the content or composition of cardiolipin
-
The evidence supporting Warburg’s original theory comes from a broad range of cancers and is now overwhelming
-
respiratory insufficiency, arising from any number mitochondrial defects, can contribute to the fermentation metabolism seen in tumor cells.
-
data from the nuclear and mitochondrial transfer experiments suggest that oncogene changes are effects, rather than causes, of tumorigenesis
-
Normal mitochondria can suppress tumorigenesis, whereas abnormal mitochondria can enhance tumorigenesis
-
Glutamine is anapleurotic and can be rapidly metabolized to glutamate and then to α-ketoglutarate for entry into the TCA cycle
-
Amino acid fermentation can generate energy through TCA cycle substrate level phosphorylation under hypoxic conditions
-
Although Warburg’s hypothesis on the origin of cancer has created confusion and controversy [37, 38, 39, 40], his hypothesis has never been disproved
-
Warburg referred to the phenomenon of enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells as “aerobic fermentation” to highlight the abnormal production of lactic acid in the presence of oxygen
-
Emerging evidence indicates that macrophages, or their fusion hybridization with neoplastic stem cells, are the origin of metastatic cancer cells
-
Radiation therapy can enhance fusion hybridization that could increase risk for invasive and metastatic tumor cells
-
Kamphorst et al. in showing that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells could obtain glutamine under nutrient poor conditions through lysosomal digestion of extracellular proteins
-
It will therefore become necessary to also target lysosomal digestion, under reduced glucose and glutamine conditions, to effectively manage those invasive and metastatic cancers that express cannibalism and phagocytosis.
-
Previous studies in yeast and mammalian cells show that disruption of aerobic respiration can cause mutations (loss of heterozygosity, chromosome instability, and epigenetic modifications etc.) in the nuclear genome
-
The somatic mutations and genomic instability seen in tumor cells thus arise from a protracted reliance on fermentation energy metabolism and a disruption of redox balance through excess oxidative stress.
-
According to the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer, the large genomic heterogeneity seen in tumor cells arises as a consequence, rather than as a cause, of mitochondrial dysfunction
-
A therapeutic strategy targeting the metabolic abnormality common to most tumor cells should therefore be more effective in managing cancer than would a strategy targeting genetic mutations that vary widely between tumors of the same histological grade and even within the same tumor
-
Tumor cells are more fit than normal cells to survive in the hypoxic niche of the tumor microenvironment
-
Hypoxic adaptation of tumor cells allows for them to avoid apoptosis due to their metabolic reprograming following a gradual loss of respiratory function
-
The high rates of tumor cell glycolysis and glutaminolysis will also make them resistant to apoptosis, ROS, and chemotherapy drugs
-
Despite having high levels of ROS, glutamate-derived from glutamine contributes to glutathione production that can protect tumor cells from ROS
-
It is clear that adaptability to environmental stress is greater in normal cells than in tumor cells, as normal cells can transition from the metabolism of glucose to the metabolism of ketone bodies when glucose becomes limiting
-
Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects will prevent tumor cells from using ketone bodies for energy
-
glycolysis-dependent tumor cells are less adaptable to metabolic stress than are the normal cells. This vulnerability can be exploited for targeting tumor cell energy metabolism
-
In contrast to dietary energy reduction, radiation and toxic drugs can damage the microenvironment and transform normal cells into tumor cells while also creating tumor cells that become highly resistant to drugs and radiation
-
Drug-resistant tumor cells arise in large part from the damage to respiration in bystander pre-cancerous cells
-
Because energy generated through substrate level phosphorylation is greater in tumor cells than in normal cells, tumor cells are more dependent than normal cells on the availability of fermentable fuels (glucose and glutamine)
-
Although some tumor cells might appear to oxidize ketone bodies by the presence of ketolytic enzymes [181], it is not clear if ketone bodies and fats can provide sufficient energy for cell viability in the absence of glucose and glutamine
-
A calorie restricted ketogenic diet or dietary energy reduction creates chronic metabolic stress in the body
-
The KD can more effectively reduce glucose and elevate blood ketone bodies than can CR alone making the KD potentially more therapeutic against tumors than CR
-
Campbell showed that tumor growth in rats is greater under high protein (>20%) than under low protein content (<10%) in the diet
-
Calorie restriction, fasting, and restricted KDs are anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic and thus can target and eliminate tumor cells through multiple mechanisms
-
Ketogenic diets can also spare muscle protein, enhance immunity, and delay cancer cachexia, which is a major problem in managing metastatic cancer
-
The GKI can therefore serve as a biomarker to assess the therapeutic efficacy of various diets in a broad range of cancers.
-
It is important to remember that insulin drives glycolysis through stimulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
-
The water-soluble ketone bodies (D-β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) are produced largely in the liver from adipocyte-derived fatty acids and ketogenic dietary fat. Ketone bodies bypass glycolysis and directly enter the mitochondria for metabolism to acetyl-CoA
-
Due to mitochondrial defects, tumor cells cannot exploit the therapeutic benefits of burning ketone bodies as normal cells would
-
Therapeutic ketosis with racemic ketone esters can also make it feasible to safely sustain hypoglycemia for inducing metabolic stress on cancer cells
-
ketone bodies can inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC) [229]. HDAC inhibitors play a role in targeting the cancer epigenome
-
Therapeutic ketosis reduces circulating inflammatory markers, and ketones directly inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, an important pro-inflammatory pathway linked to carcinogenesis and an important target for cancer treatment response
-
Chronic psychological stress is known to promote tumorigenesis through elevations of blood glucose, glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
-
In addition to calorie-restricted ketogenic diets, psychological stress management involving exercise, yoga, music etc. also act as press disturbances that can help reduce fatigue, depression, and anxiety in cancer patients and in animal models
-
This physiological state also enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while reducing the side effects
-
lower dosages of chemotherapeutic drugs can be used when administered together with calorie restriction or restricted ketogenic diets (KD-R)
-
Besides 2-DG, a range of other glycolysis inhibitors might also produce similar therapeutic effects when combined with the KD-R including 3-bromopyruvate, oxaloacetate, and lonidamine
-
It is important to recognize, however, that the radiotherapy used in glioma patients can damage the respiration of normal cells and increase availability of glutamine in the microenvironment, which can increase risk of tumor recurrence especially when used together with the steroid drug dexamethasone
-
Poff and colleagues demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) enhanced the ability of the KD to reduce tumor growth and metastasis
-
The effects of the KD and HBOT can be enhanced with administration of exogenous ketones, which further suppressed tumor growth and metastasis
-
Besides HBOT, intravenous vitamin C and dichloroacetate (DCA) can also be used with the KD to selectively increase oxidative stress in tumor cells
-
Recent evidence also shows that ketone supplementation may enhance or preserve overall physical and mental health
-
Some tumors use glucose as a prime fuel for growth, whereas other tumors use glutamine as a prime fuel [102, 186, 262, 263, 264]. Glutamine-dependent tumors are generally less detectable than glucose-dependent under FDG-PET imaging, but could be detected under glutamine-based PET imaging
-
Many of the current treatments used for cancer management are based on the view that cancer is a genetic disease
-
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer is a mitochondrial metabolic disease that depends on availability of fermentable fuels for tumor cell growth and survival
-
Glucose and glutamine are the most abundant fermentable fuels present in the circulation and in the tumor microenvironment
-
Low-carbohydrate, high fat-ketogenic diets coupled with glycolysis inhibitors will reduce metabolic flux through the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways needed for synthesis of ATP, lipids, glutathione, and nucleotides
1More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Nov 18
- No Cached
PO-238 Dichloroacetate (DCA) treatment affects mitochondrial activity and ste... - 0 views
esmoopen.bmj.com/...A113.1
cancer" DCA CSC pancreatic cancer stem cells cancer dichloracetic acid dichloroacetate
![](/images/link.gif)
‹ Previous
21 - 37 of 37