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ERβ expression resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and G1 phase cell-cycle arrest

ERβ expression strongly inhibited cMyc and tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model

induced ERβ in CRC cells has an antiproliferative, tumor-suppressive function that is independent of ERα

ERs also have the ability to bind many other compounds with an estrogen-like structure, including phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens (or endocrine disruptors)

Phytoestrogens are a diverse class of natural compounds with structural similarity to estradiol

Barone et al. recently found that two ERβ-selective phytoestrogens effectively counteracted CRC tumorigenesis and surprisingly increased ERβ expression in mice with mutations of the tumor-suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli

We can conclude that estrogens are important in protecting against CRC initiation and progression, and that the protective effect most likely is mediated by ERβ