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Nathan Goodyear

Effects of supplemental vitamin D and calcium on biomarkers of inflammation in colorect... - 0 views

www.spectracell.com/...calciumoncolorectaladenoma.pdf

inflammation cancer colorectal vitamin D3 CRP TNF IL-6 IL-1B IL-8

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Feb 12
     
    Vitamin D3 shown to reduce CRP, TNF, IL-6, IL-1B, IL-8 in colorectal adenoma patients. This study supports the anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer benefits of vitamin D3.
Nathan Goodyear

Late-night and low-dose dexamethasone-suppressed cortisol in saliva and serum for the d... - 1 views

www.eje.org/...747.short

saliva salivary cortisol testing test evaluation BHRT adrenal HPA axis adenoma serum diagnosis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Nov 11
     
    diagnostic accuracy again proven for salivary cortisol. So why does BCBS consider this experimental?  Maybe they just don't read research.
Sundhar krishna

Pituitary Tumor Removal India at Affordable Cost - 0 views

www.biggestclassifieds.com/index.php

endoscope skull base surgery endocrinologist craniotomy neuro ophthalmologist pituitary gland tumours glomus tumors adenoma removal nasal cerebello pontine angle tumour sphenoid sinus treatment endoscopic csf leak repair fungal sinusitis fibrous dysplasia

shared by Sundhar krishna on 19 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Sundhar krishna on 19 Jul 12
     
    Krishna Eye and Ent is one of the best hospital for skull base surgery India. We offer treatment for tumors like pituitary gland tumours, glomus tumors, cerebello pontine angle tumour and treatment for fungal sinusitis, endoscopic csf leak repair.
Nathan Goodyear

Immunohistochemical Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Human Colorect... - 0 views

www.omjournal.org/fultext_PDF.aspx

estrogen progesterone receptors colon cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 13
     
    ER and PR are suggested to play role in colon cancer.  The question is do they play a role in carcinogenesis or does the expression of the receptors indicate something else i.e. attempt at differentiation through progesterone.  Also, what receptors are involver here: ER alpha or beta.  Likewise for the progesterone receptors
Nathan Goodyear

Immunohistochemical Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Human Colorect... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3215447

estrogen progesterone ER estrogen receptor estrogen receptors ER alpha ER beta ER-alpha ER-beta PR progesterone receptor progesterone receptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jun 14
     
    Study finds ER and PR increase along the timeline of tumor initiation.  The authors point to likely association that ER and PR expression is associated with and key to initiating colorectal transformation.  A lot to be determined from this study.  IF this were entirely true, then what to explain the 35% lower colorectal cancer risk in women vs men?  Likely ER and PR pertubance plays a significant role is likely, but the mere expression--yet to be determined.
Nathan Goodyear

Anemia, testosterone, and pituitary adenoma in men; Journal of Neurosurgery - 98(5):Pag... - 0 views

thejns.org/...jns.2003.98.5.0974

anemia low testosterone T hematopoiesis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Sep 11
     
    low Testosterone equals anemia in men.  Low T will result in reduced hematopoiesis and thus resultant anemia
Nathan Goodyear

The current state and future perspectives of cannabinoids in cancer biology - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5852356

Cancer CBD THC cannabinoids

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 18 - No Cached
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  • The activation of each of them leads to an inhibition of adenylyl cyclase via G proteins (Gi/o), which in turn activates many metabolic pathways such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3‐kinase pathway (PI3K), cyclooxygenase‐2 pathway (COX‐2), accumulation of ceramide, modulation of protein kinase B (Akt), and ion channels
  • phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids
  • Action of THC in human organism relies on mimicking endogenous agonists of CB receptors—endocannabinoids
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The upregulated expression of CB receptors and the elevated levels of endocannabinoids have been observed in a variety of cancer cells (skin, prostate, and colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, endometrial sarcoma, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma and pituitary adenoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, chemically induced hepatocarcinoma, mantel cell lymphoma)
  • concentration of endocannabinoids, expression level of their receptors, and the enzymes involved in their metabolism frequently are associated with an aggressiveness of cancer
  • CB2 receptor contributes to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) pro‐oncogenic signaling and an overexpression of CB2 increases susceptibility for leukemia development after leukemia viral infection
  • endocannabinoid‐degrading enzymes are upregulated in cancer cell lines and in human tumors
  • Many cannabinoids, ranging from phytocannabinoids (THC, CBD), endocannabinoids (2‐arachidonoylglycerol, anandamide), to synthetic cannabinoids (JWH‐133, WIN‐55,212‐2), have shown ability to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in a variety of models of cancer
  • Despite some inconsistent data, the main effect of cannabinoids in a tumor is the inhibition of cancer cells’ proliferation and induction of cancer cell death by apoptosis
  • CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists stimulate apoptotic cell death in glioma cells by induction of de novo synthesis of ceramide, sphingolipid with proapoptotic activity
  • process of autophagy is upstream of apoptosis in mechanism of cell death induced by cannabinoids
Nathan Goodyear

How We Read Oncologic FDG PET/CT | Cancer Imaging | Full Text - 0 views

cancerimagingjournal.biomedcentral.com/...s40644-016-0091-3

PET_CT PET scan CT cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 18 - No Cached
  • In early PET literature focusing on analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules, some researchers defined malignancy based on a SUVmax threshold of greater than 2.5
  • We contend that SUV analysis has virtually no role in this setting.
  • tumours grow as spheres, whereas inflammatory processes are typically linear
  • ...35 more annotations...
  • Far more important than the SUVmax is the pattern rather than intensity of metabolic abnormality and the correlative CT findings
  • Descriptively, we define SUV < 5 as “low intensity”, 5–10 as “moderate”, 10–15 as “intense” and >15 as “very intense”
  • Evolving literature suggests that intensity of uptake is an independent prognostic factor and in some tumour subtypes superior to histopathologic characterisation.
  • aerobic glycolysis
  • Our practice of thresholding the grey and colour scale to liver as detailed above results in similar image intensity to a fixed upper SUV threshold of 8 to 10
  • The advantage of using the liver as a reference tissue is also aided by this organ having rather low variability in metabolic activity
  • When the liver is abnormal and cannot be used as a reference organ, we use the default SUV setting of an upper SUV threshold of 8
  • One of the most challenging aspects of oncologic FDG PET/CT review, however, is to recognise all the patterns of metabolic activity that are not malignant and which consequently confound interpretation
  • Many benign and inflammatory processes are also associated with high glycolytic activity
  • Future articles in the “How I Read” series will address the specific details of reading PET/CT in various cancers
  • The intensity of uptake in metastases usually parallels that in the primary site of disease
  • For example, discordant low-grade activity in an enlarged lymph node in the setting of intense uptake in the primary tumour suggests it is unlikely malignant and more likely inflammatory or reactive
  • By CT criteria the enlarged node is ‘pathologic’ but the discordantly low metabolic signature further characterises this is as non-malignant since such a node is not subject to partial volume effects and therefore the intensity of uptake should be similar to the primary site
  • The exception is when the lymph node is centrally necrotic as a small rim of viable tumour is subject to partial volume effects with expectant lower intensity of uptake; integrating the CT morphology is therefore critical to reaching an accurate interpretation
  • Small nodes that are visualised on PET are conversely much more likely to be metastatic as such nodes are subject to partial volume effects.
  • The exception to this rule is tumours with a propensity for tumour heterogeneity at different sites
  • The combination of FDG and a more specific tracer, which visualises the well-differentiated disease can be very useful to characterise this phenomenon
  • “metabolic signature”
  • For the majority of malignant processes, the intensity of metabolic abnormality correlates with degree of aggressiveness or proliferative rate.
  • a negative PET/CT study in a patient with biopsy proven malignancy would be considered false-negative
  • Warburg effect
  • There, however, are a significant minority of tumours that utilise substrates other glucose such as glutamine or fatty acids as a source of the carbon atoms required for growth and proliferation
  • This includes a subset of diffuse gastric adenocarcinomas, signet cell colonic adenocarcinomas and some sarcomas, particularly liposarcoma
  • There may be a role for other radiotracers such as fluorothymidine (FLT) or amino acid substrates in this setting.
  • Some tumours harbour mutations that result in defective aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism, effectively simulating the Warburg effect
  • patients with hereditary paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma highlight this phenomenon
  • These have intense uptake on FDG PET/CT despite often having low proliferative rate.
  • Uterine fibroids, hepatic adenomas, fibroadenomas of the breast and desmoid tumours are benign or relatively benign lesions that can have quite high FDG-avidity.
  • Metabolic activity switches off rapidly following initiation of therapy
  • Common examples where patients have commenced active therapy but the referrer is requesting “staging” includes hormonal therapy (eg. tamoxifen) in breast cancer, oral capecitabine in colorectal cancer or high dose steroids in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • It is therefore critical to perform PET staging before commencement of anti-tumour therapy
  • The potential advantage of routine diagnostic CT is improved anatomic localisation and definition
  • Without intravenous contrast, additional identification of typical oncologic complications such as pulmonary embolism or venous thrombosis cannot be identified
  • If the study is performed as an “interim” restaging study after commencement of therapy but before completion, in order to reach a valid or clinically useful conclusion findings must be interpreted in the context of known changes that occur at a specific timing and type of therapy
  • The most well studied use of interim PET is in Hodgkin’s lymphoma where repeat PET after two cycles of ABVD-chemotherapy provides powerful prognostic information and may improve outcomes by enabling early change of management
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 18
     
    good read on the PET/CT scan reading.  They mention that tumors are spheres and inflammation is linear, yet inflammation coexists with cancer; hard to simply delineate these on simple terms. I do agree aon the metabolic signature of the PET/CT scan
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