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Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor transcription and transactivation: Estrogen receptor alpha and estrog... - 1 views

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    estrogen receptors are not created equally.  ER-alpha is the predominant pro-stimulatory signal receptor, whereas the ER-beta is the inhibitory receptor signaling pathway.  SERMS are not created equally as well dependent on how they bind the respective ER receptors.
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    Thank you for sharing
Nathan Goodyear

Oestrogen receptor α and β mRNA expression in human endometrium throughout th... - 0 views

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    Estrogen receptors alpha and beta show dominance in the proliferative phases, with alpha isoform predominating.  In the secretory phase, less expression of ER was present. ER alpha was predominantly expressed in the epithelial and stromal cells in the proliferative phase.  ER beta was predominantly expressed in glandular cells in the same proliferative phase.   in the luteal phase, ER alpha expression declined in the funtionalis layers.  ER alpha in the basalis remained unchanged.  ER beta in the functionalis layers also declined in the luteal phase.   No relative change was found in the weak expression of ER alpha/beta in the myometrium.
Nathan Goodyear

The Estrogen Receptor β Subtype: A Novel Mediator of Estrogen Action in Neuro... - 0 views

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    Estrogen receptors are one mechanism of the transmission of the estrogen signal.  The signal can be from estrogens themselves, estrogenic like compounds (xenoestrogens) and via non-estrogens like 3-beta androstane idol that interacts with ER beta to decrease prostate cancer cell proliferation.
Nathan Goodyear

Transcriptional targets shared by estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) and estrog... - 0 views

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    estrogen related receptors play a role in estrogen signaling, though they don't bind estradiol. They bind estrogen related elements. Exact role is unknown. They are called "orphan" members of the nuclear family of receptors.
Nathan Goodyear

The androgen metabolite 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (3betaAdiol) induces breast... - 0 views

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    Great article!!  Nice discussion of the complexity of hormones.  Women on aromatase inhibitors can make estrogen from Testosterone.  This is important with estrogen sensitive cancer as in breast cancer.  This will occur via alternative pathways: Testosterone to DHT via 5 alpha reductase and then DHT to 3 beta androstanediol via 3 beta HSD.  3 beta androstanediol is a male hormone metabolite that binds to estrogen receptors.  The affinity is less than Estradiol, but appears to have a higher affinity for ER beta over ER alpha. 
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor related beta is expressed in human endometrium throughout the normal ... - 0 views

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    ER-beta found throughout both the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle.  ER-beta expression was higher in the proliferative versus the secretory phases, though not statistically significant.  This makes since as estrogen stimulation dominates the proliferative phase.  Additionally, ER-beta expression was found throughout all levels of the endometrium and the myometrium.
Nathan Goodyear

4-Hydroxytamoxifen binds to and deactivates the estrogen-related receptor γ - 0 views

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    estrogen-related receptors.  There are 3 types: alpha, beta, and gamma.  These don't respond to estrogens, but to estrogen related elements
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor acts as a dominant regulator of estrogen signaling - 0 views

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    ER-beta expression appears to regulate estrogenic activity through ER-alpha expression.  Co-expression of ER-alpha and ER-beta is associated with reduced estrogenic signaling, indicating a significant counter regulatory role for ER-beta.
Nathan Goodyear

Comparative Studies of the Estrogen Receptors β and α and the Androgen Recept... - 0 views

  • ER-β is predominately immunolocalized in basal cells and to a lesser extent in stromal cells of the morphologically normal human prostate
  • ER-α is detected in stromal cells and rarely in basal cells of the normal gland
  • AR was predominately localized in the nuclei of differentiated secretory cells and variably in basal cells of the normal acinar/duct unit as well as in stromal cells
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  • Hall and colleagues44 have reported that ER-β functions as a transdominant inhibitor of ER-α transcription and that it acts to decrease overall cellular sensitivity to estradiol
  • The expression of ER-β was diminished in high-grade dysplasias when compared to normal glands and lower grade lesions.
  • The transition from normal to low/moderate dysplastic glands in the peripheral zone was marked by the appearance of ER-β homogeneously immunostained nuclei in secretory as well as basal cells with no changes in the localization of the other receptors.
  • proliferative signals mediated by AR in basal cells or by ER-α and AR in stromal cells may be opposed by the purported growth-inhibitory action of ER-β25, 26, 27, 28 localized in basal cells.
  • The diminution of ER-β expression in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 cancers may be therefore related to the alteration of DNA methylation pattern in CpG islands of the promoter, resulting in down-regulation of the receptor at the transcriptional level
  • based on the proposed anti-proliferative function of the receptor,25, 26, 27, 28 the presence of ER-β in secretory cells of low/moderate-grade lesions may represent a transient abortive attempt to counter growth of these cells
  • the attrition of receptor-positive basal cells in the high-grade dysplasias may signify a continuing loss of growth inhibitory function mediated by ER-β in these precursor lesions
  • Our findings in prostate therefore differ from those reported for human colon cancer in which Folley and colleagues48 demonstrated that a selective loss of ER-β protein but not receptor message expression occurs in these neoplasms
  • Our findings therefore differed from those of Bonkhoff and colleagues33 who found immunostaining for the receptor in high-grade dysplasias and grade 4/5 carcinomas. Using in situ hybridization these authors also reported that a high percentage of dysplasias and carcinomas in their study contained cells that expressed ER-α message
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    Very nice study.  The authors looked at normal prostate, early disease and late stage prostate cancer.  The authors found that ER beta expression, as a general rule, was lost as progression occurred to the high-grade dysplasias and grad 4/5 carcinomas of the prostate.  Early low/moderate dysplasia was associated with an increase in ER beta--the authors propose that this was due to an attempt of the basal epithelium to counter the paracrine effect of ER alpha.   In contrast, androgen receptors appeared to be equally expressed across all.
Nathan Goodyear

Opposing Action of Estrogen Receptors α and β on Cyclin D1 Gene Expression - 0 views

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    ER-beta inhibits ER-alpha activation of cell proliferation via cyclin D1 gene expression.  This points to ER-beta as a counter regulatory receptor to ER-alpha.  This explains how a loss of ER-beta expression is found to be associated with increased cancers.  
Nathan Goodyear

Presence of Estrogen Receptor β in the Human Endometrium through the Cycle: E... - 0 views

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    estrogen receptor Beta and alpha discussed in the endometrium through menstrual cycle.  This study focus' on human endometrium
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor β and the progression of prostate cancer: role of 5α-andros... - 0 views

  • In the prostate, ERβ is highly expressed in the epithelial compartment, where it is the prevailing isoform
  • In the gland, DHT may be either reversibly 3α- or irreversibly 3β-hydroxylated by the different 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases respectively (Steckelbroeck et al. 2004); these transformations generate two metabolites respectively 3α-diol and 3β-Adiol, which are both unable to bind the AR. Instead, 3β-Adiol displays a high affinity for ERβ (Kuiper et al. 1998, Nilsson et al. 2001), and it has been proposed that this metabolite may play a key role in prostate development
  • ERβ signaling, in contrast to ERα, seems to act as a suppressor of prostate growth, and may be positively involved in breast cancer
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  • 3β-Adiol counteracts PC cell proliferation in vitro
  • 3β-Adiol counteracts the biological actions of its androgenic precursors testosterone and DHT
  • functional antagonism of 3β-Adiol appears to be molecularly independent from the activation of the androgenic pathway
  • the action of 3β-Adiol is mediated, at the molecular levels, by the estrogenic pathway.
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    another awesome article dealing with hormone metabolites. Physicians that don't understand metabolites and receptors may be doing more harm than good.   One of the mainstays of the treatment of metastatic prostate disease is androgen deprivation therapy.  This article requires a reassessment of this due to the DHT metabolite 3-beta androstanediol.  This metabolite is produced from DHT production via the enzyme 3beta HSD.  This metabolite binds to ER beta, an estrogen receptor, and inhibits proliferation, migration, promotes adhesion (limits spreading), and stimulates apoptosis.  This is contrast to 3-alpha androstanediol.  Androgen deprivation therapy will decrease 3-beta androstanediol.  This is the likely reason for the increased aggressive prostate cancer found in those men using 5 alpha reductase inhibitors.
Nathan Goodyear

JCI - Estrogen receptors and human disease - 0 views

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    Estrogen receptors and disease
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor related beta is expressed in human endometrium throughout the normal ... - 0 views

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    ER beta appears to be expressed through the menstruation cycle with predominance follicular and early secretory phases. Contrast with ER alpha predominance in late follicular and early secretory phases.
Nathan Goodyear

Diagnostic Pathology | Full text | Estrogen receptor beta expression in prostate adenoc... - 0 views

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    ER beta and prostate cancer.  More aggressive prostate cancer is found to be associated with lower ER beta expression in the prostate.  this makes sense, as other studies have shown that ER beta in the prostate can induce apoptosis (cell death), which is a powerful mechanism to regulate uncontrolled growth as found in cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Estradiol and Bisphenol A Stimulate Androgen Receptor and Estrogen Receptor Gene Expres... - 0 views

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    environmental toxin, bisphenol A, shown to increase estrogen receptor and androgen receptor expression in the prostate.  Also, a shift from ER beta to ER alpha occurs, increase the inflammatory and proliferative signal.
Nathan Goodyear

Mechanisms of Estrogen Action - 0 views

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    good discussion of estrogen receptors and their role of estrogen signaling transmission.This article goes deep into coregulators, corepressors, cofactors, agonists, antagonists...
Nathan Goodyear

Exposure of Newborn Male and Female Rats to Environmental Estrogens: Delayed and Sustai... - 0 views

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    xenoestrogen exposure has been shown to increase ER alpha and ER beta in the pituitary.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of 3-beta-diol, an androgen metabolite with intrinsic estrogen-like effects, in... - 0 views

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    5-beta androstanediol doesn't have affinity for androgen receptors, but for estrogen receptors. Affinity for ER beta exceeds that for ER alpha.
Nathan Goodyear

ERβ Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells - 0 views

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    Estrogen Receptor Beta shown to inhibit growth and spread of breast cancer cells.  So, ER-beta should be evaluated to not only prevent/slow the growth of breast cancer, but to prevent the spread of breast cancer.  This study proposes that the loss of ER-beta is a seminal event in the development of breast cancer.
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