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Dennis OConnor

Education Week: E-Learning for Special Populations - 0 views

  • This special report, another installment in Education Week's series on virtual education, examines the growing e-learning opportunities for students with disabilities, English-language learners, gifted and talented students, and those at risk of failing in school. It shows the barriers that exist for greater participation among special populations, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of this approach. It also looks at the funding tactics schools are using to build virtual education programs for special populations and the evolving professional-development needs for these efforts.
  • Download the interactive PDF version of the report, E-Learning for Special Populations.
Dean Whaley

ollie1sweetman: Iowa Online Teaching Standards - 0 views

  • • Has experienced online learning from the perspective of a student (SREB F.1, Varvel II.E)
    • Deb Henkes
       
      I think it is really important to have a variety of experiences with various online courses as a student before becoming an online teacher. That way you get a chance to see what works and also what doesn't. (I've taken some online courses that I've learned what NOT to do!) That way as online teachers we can really make the course an efficient learning experience for the student.
    • Denise Krefting
       
      In all of the teachers who I have worked with becoming online teachers- this is on that I absolutely require! I still take classes from a variety of teachers to see what works and glean other ideas as Deb mentioned.
    • Kelly Josephson
       
      Don't you think that gains such experiences will also allow online teachers to offer their students a variety of options and incorporate differentiation?
    • Andrea Accola-Sabin
       
      I have learned so much so far in this online class, that I will have a feeling of what my students are going through. With this being my first online class, I can experience the stress that students will experience with more schools going 1:1
    • Joe Doerges
       
      I have made it a requirement that a staff member needs to take a course like this before I will set them up as teacher on our Moodle server. That has not been well received, but I'm sticking to it! BTW, that is why I'm taking this class.
    • Rebecca Clausen
       
      This is only my second online class and it is very different from one I just finished. I am just now appreciating all the work and technologies that went into that class. We used the Angel system, Camtasia Studio, tests, reading assignments to download, and a live video meeting each week. However, there were no real community building forums or ways to contact other students. I am really appreciating the help I am getting through the Moodle forums as well has reading about how Moodle technology is already being used in school classrooms.
  • • Communicates with students effectively and consistently
    • Deb Henkes
       
      Communication with the students on a consistent basis is critical in an online course. It allows the class momentum to flow smoothly and often keeps problems or issues to a minimum by addressing them quickly before students become too frustrated.
    • gfrolekclark
       
      Agreed! If students become frustrated or can't have questions answered, you can lose them pretty quickly.
    • Andrea Accola-Sabin
       
      With the blended class that I had last year, I learned that most students did not get on to the computer to do homework until 10 pm or later. Being that I have a 45 minute drive in the morning to get to school I wanted to be in bed by 11 pm. Knowing that my students might need my assistance was troublesome to me, since most did not login until midnight. I told my students that I would probably not respond to work that was completed after 10:30 pm until the next day. Once the students knew this, the class ran smooth. We need to let the students know what are times are going to be to respond to questions!
    • Linda Root
       
      Communication between teacher and student is absolutely necessary for success in any classroom whether it be traditional classroom or an online course. But because feedback is not instantaneous in an online course, communication is even more crucial for longevity and success. The online instructor needs to be very specific about communication times, when they will be dealing with daily student questions, feedback and grading. As a new student to online learning, the one issue I struggle with is my preference to verbal dialogue rather than written communication. I need the immediate feedback that face to face or Skype provides.
  • Understands and uses course content that complies with intellectual property rights and fair use, and assists students in complying as well
    • Denise Krefting
       
      This is something that we do not model enough with our adult learners and students
    • Erin Siefken
       
      This has always been an area of concern for me, it goes back to when I worked in university extension education. I am often concerned about copyrights and how much of someone else's work we can legally use.
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • Understands and uses data from assessments to guide instruction
    • Denise Krefting
       
      It is important that we use data to make decisions, but because of time, I find that we do not do this as much as we should. How can we make this easier?
    • Melinda Connon
       
      This is a very big challenge. Starting with lack of time, but also lack of statistical skills...starting with NCLB and the impossibility that we can have 100% of our students above the 40%-tile rank. There are requirements for using & interpreting statistics, like simple random sampling and comparing similar populations. In a small school, each grade is not the same population -- and I even saw that when I subbed in larger district as a new teacher.
  • • Knows the content of the subject to be taught and understands how to teach the content to students (SREB A.3, Varvel II.A, ITS 2.a)
    • Melinda Connon
       
      I was helping a colleague with an online statistics course this semester. The instructor did not know how to explain or help students other than telling them to reread the text or what she had already written. I did not see if they were using moodle or blackboard,
    • Ginny Kraus
       
      I agree that both (content and technology) knowledges need to be pretty sharp. Students are at all different parts of the spectrum on their own knowledge of the subject and need to have the resources from the instructor to help them succeed.
    • Jenny Rohrbeck
       
      I strongly agree that the instructor needs to know the content of the subject and also needs to know how to teach it as well as have adequate resources to do so. I believe the success of the students depends on the confidence and knowledge of the instructor. I took several online courses in college and without the resources from the instructor or without the instructor knowing how to navigate through the course I would have felt lost! I know several other students in the class that struggled but with a knowledgable instructor they were able to get back on track. I think this is something that can be hard even in face-to-face instruction!...I've had several teachers that weren't sure HOW to teach, while I've had others that were creative and found many ways! This is a vital part of the standards!
    • Andrea Accola-Sabin
       
      With students in our school going 1:1 next fall will help some of them. They will have more access to resources from the internet and the ability to access those resources. I also feel that the teacher needs to be available for the students to ask questions, when they still do not understand for the internet resources.
    • Aryn Kruse
       
      I taught a course using ISU's WebCT system and found that I was so busy troubleshooting the program with learners some days that the content was lost---I think this standard re-emphasizes that the point of using technology is to enhance content learning...so it's important to not let the technology usability get in the way of the content....
  • using appropriate visual web design techniques
    • Melinda Connon
       
      I noticed in Moodle yesterday that it does not lock proportions when you insert pictures. Coming from a family printing business and math teaching career, it's something I notice in amateur publications - people get skinnier without dieting or shorter without osteoporosis. It's a 21st century application of proportions -- cross curricular with graphics/math -- I had to apply it with my Earlham cardinal head.
    • Deb Henkes
       
      I hear you Melinda! Just because you can create a publication doesn't mean you 'should' create a publication!
    • Jenny Rohrbeck
       
      Melinda - I noticed this as well! I was quite surprised that it didn't lock the proportions! I am not great with technology, but this is something that I did notice!
  • Utilizes a course evaluation and student feedback data to improve the course
  • knowledgeable and has the ability to use computer programs required in online education to improve learning and teaching, including course management software (CMS) and synchronous/asynchronous communication tools (chat, email, web 2.0, videoconferencing, webinar, whiteboard
    • Kelly Josephson
       
      This is a big concern to me. I feel that I am somewhat competent where technology is concerned, but I still have a lot to learn. If an online course flops, will it be because of a lack of technology skill/knowledge? Almost every teacher feels confident in the content they teach face to face, but they don't always have the confidence in the technological aspect. This is what makes them resistant to change. I think we have to be comfortable with the technological features of management software and explore the endless options that technology has to offer. This give new meaning to life-long learning!
    • Andrea Accola-Sabin
       
      I hope that this moodle course will help me imporve on this standard and benchmark
    • Deb Henkes
       
      Really good comment Kellie about a course flopping due to tech skills or knowledge. I really like the convience that online courses provide but as an online teacher if a runs into a road block you can see their faces to know that they need problems. Continual communication is the key to overcoming some of the those issues. I think that being an online teacher is more demanding than a face-to-face class!
    • gfrolekclark
       
      I think it is important to learn new tools--but experiencing them as a "student" in a course such as this, adds a different experience that I think is important to teachers. Since I am NOT experienced in many of these areas--I am finding myself not only trying to manage content, but also the technology. For some students that won't be a problem--for others, it could be an issue.
    • Kim Cline
       
      I think it is so important that teachers know HOW to use the sites effectively, and which ones are appropriate to use for the correct assignments. Too many times I think online activities are used to simply fill time, and not to get the students thinking critically. Therefore, I completely agree with the statement that says "to improve learning and teaching".
  • Demonstrates effective instructional strategies and techniques, appropriate for online education, that align with course objectives and assessment
    • Kelly Josephson
       
      To me this means using appropriate technology for the content standards and not just using technology for the sake of using technology in a classroom setting.
    • Ginny Kraus
       
      That is my delema with being a support teacher without a whole "classroom". While students are using technology for their projects (science or social studies, etc.) I don't use it with my students because my curriculum is direct instruction so I won't use it just to meet a "use of technology standard".
  • Tailors instruction to meet the different needs of students, including different learning styles, different interests and backgrounds, and students with special needs or whom are language learners
    • Andrea Accola-Sabin
       
      Moodle should make this easier to use different learning styles
    • Deb Henkes
       
      Absolutely! What are tech strategies to maximize differentation to make learning more engaging for the student?
    • Jenny Rohrbeck
       
      I think this area could be boosted a bit. From a special education teaching perspective there need to be a few changes before students with special needs are able to navigate the system easier. I have taught students with visual and hearing impairments, therefore, I am thinking of the print needing to be larger, possible sign language interpretation video links, etc. I hope these are things that are being worked on or that are already in the works that I haven't seen.
  • Selects and uses technologies appropriate to the content that enhance learning
    • Joe Doerges
       
      It is important that teachers be exposed to different technologies so they cannot only find ones that will or will not work for them, but also know what is available. The problem is finding time to investigate/explore and then implementing them into the classroom.
    • Rebecca Clausen
       
      Before starting this class, I had no idea of the tools that are available. It seems that when I go to investigate one, it leads to looking at another and another. This is a time intensive search process. I would love to see videos of how many of our classmates are already using these technologies.
    • gfrolekclark
       
      Agreed. Finding time to keep up on what is out there is important--that's what I like about communities of learning where people can share what works/doesn't work, etc. It helps when people share what they use/like.
  • Provides substantive, timely, and constructive feedback to students
    • Joe Doerges
       
      This might be something that teachers might find overwhelming. You have 4 section of American History. Each with 30 students and now they are all sending you questions, posting to forums and other activities that you need to check. How much time is this going to take? When will your teaching day end? When you post to a forum, it does not post until after 30 minutes.
  • Maintains an online social presence that is available, approachable, positive, interactive, and sincere (SREB C.3, Varvel VII.A)
    • Jenny Rohrbeck
       
      This stuck out to me because again it is something that is important in both face-to-face and virutal classrooms! If any of these are missing students will feel disconnected to the course and probably will not do as well. If you are positive, interactive, etc your students will also take action to do these things!
  • Demonstrates growth in technology knowledge and skills in order to stay current with emerging technologies
    • Jenny Rohrbeck
       
      I would like to see more professional development in these areas. In our school we were offered the chance to take this class by an email being sent out by our superintendent, which was great, but unfortunately not many of our staff members took this opportunity. I believe if there were more of a "push" to take these courses or to enhance our learning in technology there would be more advancement in this. I am not much of a "techy" (if that's the way it's spelled) and I've found myself fretting over how to complete many of the activities or if it's done right. If I were expected to teach a course online my lack of confidence would lead to my students lacking confidence as well.
    • gfrolekclark
       
      You are so right! What do you think would have motivated your colleagues to take an course?
    • Kim Cline
       
      This is so important, since we all know how quickly technology changes! Staying current is a must!
  • Assists students with technology used in the course (Varvel III.C)
    • Rebecca Clausen
       
      I have really been struggling with the technology of this Moodle class. Our instructor has been very prompt with her helps and that has kept me going. I am concerned that many of our adult learners (teachers) may be intimidated like me by the technology of this type of learning and therefore not use it. It will be very important to have adequate staff development available in order to make all of the wonderful class content that will soon be available accessible to everyone.
  • Establishes standards for student behavior that are designed to ensure academic integrity and appropriate use of the internet and written communication
    • gfrolekclark
       
      Teaching student's about appropriate/acceptable behavior is important. For those of you whose schools are 1:1 schools, how often have you needed to do this? Any problems that came up?
  • Creates a learning community that encourages collaboration and interaction, including student-teacher, student-student, and student-content
    • Karen Thilges
       
      Every class must have collaboration and interaction among all people involved teachers and students. Some students are going have no problems communication via a computer class. Other students not going to be as comfortable communicating via a computer class. Some students will not follow proper etiquette communicating. This concerns me.
    • Kim Cline
       
      My students really enjoy learning when they are doing it collaboratively! All students are putting forth effort because they all want to be using the computers to learn. I need to work more on the student-content part of this standard.
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
    • Karen Thilges
       
      Right now as I am creating my own moodle course I am having a difficult time deciding what materials would be best used online and which would be better used in a face-to-face class. Knowing which materials to use and how to present those materials is very important. On-going professional training in this area would be great. We need to remember that learning online is not going to best for all students.
    • Aryn Kruse
       
      I wonder how this is operationalized? What do you all think is "evidence" of this standard?
  • • Establishes standards for student behavior that are designed to ensure academic integrity and appropriate use of the internet and written communication
    • Kim Cline
       
      Keeping the integrity in the assignment is always important and respectful to the students. Keeping students' integrity and respect intact is also part of the teacher's responsibility.
  • Is knowledgeable and has the ability to use computer programs required in online education to improve learning and teaching, including course management software (CMS) and synchronous/asynchronous communication tools (chat, email, web 2.0, videoconferencing, webinar, whiteboard, etc.) (SREB B.3, Varvel III.B)
  • Is knowledgeable and has the ability to use computer programs required in online education to improve learning and teaching, including course management software (CMS) and synchronous/asynchronous communication tools (chat, email, web 2.0, videoconferencing, webinar, whiteboard, etc.) (SREB B.3, Varvel III.B)
  • Applies research, knowledge, and skills from professional growth to improve practice
    • Rebecca Clausen
       
      I have always been a heavy reader to keep up with research and knowledge in my professional growth but I have just learned through this course of resources like Diigo that will be such a help in connecting with other professionals and what they are also learning.
  • Understands student motivation and uses techniques to engage students (Varvel V.D, ITS 4.d)
    • Rebecca Clausen
       
      I think getting to understand individual student motivation through online classes will be difficult unless time is given to getting to know your students. Motivation can be such an individual thing.
  • Identifies and communicates learning outcomes and expectations through a course overview/orientation
    • Linda Root
       
      This is very important in both a traditional and online class. The instructor needs to be specific on the course outcomes and expectations. Students need to know what the course will cover and how the student will be asked to show learning.
  • • Creates a safe environment, managing conflict
    • Linda Root
       
      I find this very interesting. I realize not all web based technology provides a safe learning environment for my students buy of all the discussions I have had over the past year about students and technology, not once did I think I might need to deal with any type of behavior problems or managing conflict in my online course.
  • ability level, multiple intelligences
    • Erin Siefken
       
      I think online learning lends itself nicely to differentiation. We cab easily work to the different levels and learning styles without creating much extra work for ourselves.
  • Has knowledge of learning theory appropriate to online learning, which may include (but is not limited to) age and ability level, multiple intelligences, didactic conversation, student developmental influences, constructivism, behaviorism, cognitivism, connectivism, and group theory (Varvel V.A)
    • Ann Longfellow
       
      It's difficult to appropriately use on-line learning since there is such a wide range of learning abilities and levels of computer knowledge in a classroom. For a student who doesn't know English, for example, this can be even more challenging than a "regular" classroom experience.
    • Dean Whaley
       
      The ability of being able to acomplish this is difficult in this area due to the wide-range if the abilities of students just in computer knowledge. In one project I assigned last year that took additional two days because I had to teach the students how to make a power point presentation. Something they should of already known how to do. Those student that still don't have internent at home were at a disadvantage.
  • Creates a learning community that encourages collaboration and interaction, including student-teacher, student-student, and student-content (SREB D.2, Varvel VII.B, ITS 6.a)
    • Ann Longfellow
       
      I think technology allows students to really effectively interact with each other to create a project. I have my students make and edit videos in iMovie. I have never had such a collaborative and high quality product that we can view and evaluate as a class.
    • Dean Whaley
       
      The ability to create and edit a project on-line gives the students a chance to work togeather without having to be in the same room.
  • Selects and understands how to evaluate learning materials and resources that align with the context and enhance learning
    • Kim Cline
       
      Knowing how to evaluate materials and make sure that they are enhancing learning and not just providing "busy work" makes the lesson respectable and meaningful to our students.
  • Communicates assessment criteria and standards to students, including rubrics for student performances and participation (Varvel VI.D, ITS 5.b)
  •  
    I think student feedback data is essential to any course. In college, a stat course had been revised due to student feedback (frustration with the complexity of the stat tools). The new tool was much easier to learn and students could learn the material.
Jamie Fath

ollie1 (Peterman): Iowa Online Teaching Standards - 28 views

  • Has experienced online learning from the perspective of a student
    • Gary Garles
       
      This is the part that I need to spend a lot of time on...
    • ronda fey
       
      I agree. I need to first understand the tools available from a student's point of view before I can bring it into the classroom.
    • Paloma Soria
       
      Yes, it is a very good personal experience.
    • Charmaine Carney
       
      I think that taking online courses ourselves humbles us and helps us to empathize with our students who experience problems with online learning.
    • Steve Leach
       
      Each time I come to this class, I am engaged in a riveting conflict that involves the following extremes: the fear of being a miserable failure vs. the thrill of successully participating online in a manner that I did not even know exsted two weeks ago.
    • Elizabeth VanDeHey
       
      Working as a student in an online course is so beneficial to those who will later be an instructor in an online course! I believe it provides instructors with empathy and an understanding that it will not be easy for every student and the challenges will vary with each technology tool!
    • Karen Hobbs
       
      I agree that this is a humbling experience.
    • Mari Haley
       
      I think this would be such a plus. I always thought my best early childhood college instructors were those that had had experience in an elementary classroom
    • Jonathan Wylie
       
      As educators, perhaps we should be doing more to experience what our lessons are like from a learner's point of view, and I mean online and offline. We would learn a lot from this.
    • Catherine Leipold
       
      I agree with so many of the comments in this section. It is beneficial to be attempting an online class before presenting an online class. (Or hybrid) And it is good to recall what our students will feel - the 'riveting conflict' as described by Steve Leach is something good to experience.
    • Catherine Leipold
       
      Being able to understand the issues students have with respect to the online presentations can help us 'fine-tune' our lessons. It can perhaps motivate us to search for easier programs or give ideas we can suggest to the publishers of our favorite program to make them work better. It is a humbling experience to jump from feeling like you know what you are doing to being totally 'lost'.
    • manderson34
       
      Frankly, it's fun to be a student when a lesson is engaging and hits our optimal zone of learning and challenge, but on the flip side if a lesson is poorly conceived it is difficult, even for an adult, to stay focused. It is important to put ourselves in the shoes of students in order to grow as educators. Reflection is so important.
    • meliathompson
       
      I think this is very important. One of the reasons I want to get involved in creating my own online course is because I enjoyed being a student and taking classes online. I feel like I know some of the criteria and how to navigate somewhat around an online course that will help me relate to my students. I always like to emphasize to my student whether in the classroom or adult students, that I am sure there will be times when we are going to be learning together.
    • ronda fey
       
      Being able to be in contact with the instructor (and other students) is imparative during an online course.
    • Charmaine Carney
       
      I agree, Ronda. Students, especially those new to online learning or using a new online platform, need that instructor support to avoid becoming too frustrated. Also, contact with other students helps students to learn from each other.
    • Steve Leach
       
      I am one of those students who is new to online learning. On a daily basis, I use face-to-face contact in order to succeed, so this is a very challenging way for me to learn. I am encouraged to know that my instructor and my classmates are there to help me when I have a simple question or am feeling overwhelmed by how much I don't know.
    • Karen Hobbs
       
      This is crucial. Technology is only a vehicle to learning. If the process is too difficult students won't be spending that time on the content.
    • tamela hatcher
       
      Karen, it is nice to know there is a troubleshooting area in online classes and other students to ask questions of.  It is a new way of accessing when we can't see the person on the other end.
    • ronda fey
       
      It is important for instructors to be able to use technology to better prepare out students
    • Charmaine Carney
       
      The challenge is staying current because the technology emerges so quickly.
    • Jamie Van Horn
       
      I agree, it is very hard to keep up and stay current with all of the new and better programs that are constantly emerging. It seems like the students are one step ahead all of the time since they are so comfortable with technology.
    • tamela hatcher
       
      I agree Jamie, it is a challenge for teachers to stay current on technology as it changes so fast.  School age kids can fit new technology quickly into their skill set because they have always had technology in their life.
    • cvryhof
       
      I agree the technology changes so fast that for teachers it is more difficult to 'keep up'. I wonder if we get used to one site that works and we get comfortable and we don't keep looking for new ideas or sites to improve our teaching.
    • Steven Sand
       
      With my students, we feel more of a responsibility to expose them to educational sites. The population I teach is comfortable with tech, but using it in an educational setting is were they struggle.
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    • Paloma Soria
       
      I have been teaching my subject for twelve years now, but do I know how to demonstrate competence in content knowledge using technology?
  • Assists students with technology used in the course (Varvel III.C)
  • Assists students with technology used in the course (Varvel III.C)
    • Paloma Soria
       
      It is my wish that this class will help me to assist my students with technology as we move to 1:1 school, next year.
    • Steve Leach
       
      Paloma, Does 1:1 mean that every student will have a laptop or some other form of technology available for every class period?
    • jwest70
       
      I would also like to be more technology literate after this course.  While I will not be teaching an online course, I will be enhancing my classroom courses with online resources. 
    • Paloma Soria
       
      I am thinking about the importance of collaboration with other teachers and the help of the school's IT Department to help us growing technologically.
    • Steven Sand
       
      I think collaboration is very important. I'm the only social studies teacher in the middle school level at my school. I love getting together with other middle school social studies teachers and pitching around ideas of what we're using tech wise in class.
  • Communicates with students effectively and consistently
    • Paloma Soria
       
      I wanted to say THANK YOU! to Nancy for doing a great job communicating with all of us, effectively and consistently. Great example in teaching us how to create a community of learners.
    • Charmaine Carney
       
      Yes, Paloma. Nancy is a great example. I took another course with her and was very encouraged when I communicated my frustration.
  • Identifies and communicates learning outcomes and expectations through a course overview/orientation
    • Charmaine Carney
       
      I believe one key to student success in any course is getting them off to a good start. A good overview/orientation is essential so that students know what they will be learning and what will be required of them.
    • Steve Leach
       
      I agree, Charmaine. I found the "Topic 1 Pacing Chart" to be especially helpful last week. I printed it and used check marks to keep track of my progress.
    • Gary Garles
       
      Having one place with all assignments listed by due date was a feature of all my classes. I would continue thta in this context.
    • Steven Sand
       
      This is a must with the population that I teach. We have a high ELL group (many children of first generation immigrants). Have detailed explainitions, not only at the beginning, but throughout any activity or class is needed.
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
    • Charmaine Carney
       
      I think that understanding these differences is essential. What works in one environment may not work in the other. Taking our face-to-face course work and merely putting it online may not be effective nor desirable.
    • Steve Leach
       
      As a newcomer to online learning, I believe the directions need to be incredibly explicit because the students don't necessarily "see" what the instructor sees, and the instructor isn't standing in the same room as the learner with the ability to just point at the concept that is causing the confusion.
    • Gary Garles
       
      Yes, and I had a glitch that prevented me from seeing these notes earlier, and that was very frustrating. Have to allow for tech issues.
    • Karen Hobbs
       
      Being a student in this class gives me an opportunity to experience what my students may encounter. I am presently working from three different computers and each one works (or doesn't) a little differently.
    • barb jens
       
      From my perspective, I feel that you need to be an online student yourself first before you can design and guide an online class. Being a student gives you the understanding and need to predict student needs when designing online instructions that are different and more challenging than face-to-face instruction. It initially takes more time to design online instruction than face-to-face
    • Mari Haley
       
      This is definitely something to think about. Some things would be similar, but others would be very different. I've taught face-to-face classes with adults, but never online
    • Diane Jackson
       
      I agree with you Mari. I believe it is very beneficial to be an online student first before you design your own course. I have worked on a course this year, but am learning so many different ways to present information and engage students by taking this course. I think this will make the course I have been working on more rigorous and engaging to the course participants.
  • Utilizes a course evaluation and student feedback data to improve the courseþff
  • Knows the content of the subject to be taught and understands how to teach the content to students (SREB A.3, Varvel II.A, ITS 2.a)
  • Knows the content of the subject to be taught and understands how to teach the content to students
    • Steve Leach
       
      At my school, North Polk, we are currently discussing how we teachers must be constantly adjusting the strategies we use to teach so that we are better able to meet the needs of all learners. It is not enough to know our curriculum; we must be able to deliver it successfully too.
    • andersonlisa
       
      This is so true! Quality teaching will have the most impact on student achievement - not resources, class sizes or the use of technology.
    • joycevermeer
       
      I appreciate the 2nd half of this statement most--understands HOW to teach the content to students. We must be developing 21st century skills through all content learning and that doesn't happen by using 19th century teaching methods. Cooperative learning and deep thinking needs to occur.
  • • Promotes learning through online collaboration group work that is goal-oriented and focused (SREB C.5, Varvel V.I)
  • Utilizes a course evaluation and student feedback data to improve the course
    • Gary Garles
       
      Considering my struggles with the technology to this point, anything I create would be heavily modified during pr after it's first use.
  • Is knowledgeable and has the ability to use computer programs required in online education to improve learning and teaching
    • Elizabeth VanDeHey
       
      Using technology in a classroom is only appropriate if it is beneficial to the learning process for students. Sometimes I believe it is easy to think that using technology is in itself helping students learn, because this generation tends to focus more when on the computer or with a video game type learning device. I imagine this can make it easy to implement technology without a true educational benefit for students and teachers must stay away from that.
  • Designs the structure of the course and the presentation of the content to best enhance student learning, including using unit/lesson overviews and reviews, using patterns in lesson sequencing, and using appropriate visual web design techniques
    • Elizabeth VanDeHey
       
      I think this standard is closely related to a standard in ITS 4 which brings up the fact that online learning is different than face-to-face learning. That is very true and because of that online instructors must strive to make their course understandable and beneficial through the presentation of the content and the use of various tools to enhance understanding.
  • • Continuously uses data to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of instructional strategies (SREB J.7, ITS 1.c)
    • Karen Hobbs
       
      I am part of our school's Biology Data Team. We are beginning to implement Data Director to collect data to analyze our student's progress.
  • Provides and communicates evidence of learning and course data to students and colleagues (SREB J.6, ITS 1.a)
    • Karen Hobbs
       
      I provide pretest and post test data to my students. I work collaboratively with another teacher to improve instruction. We always discuss methods and analyze our student data.
  • Assists students with technology used in the course
  • Tailors instruction to meet the different needs of students, including different learning styles, different interests and backgrounds, and students with special needs or whom are language learners
    • renaudr
       
      These are very important for the same reason as what I posted above.  Because students can be more bold online, it is important to make sure that they are being appropriate in their communications...and that the discussions and work stay on task.
  • • Maintains an online social presence that is available, approachable, positive, interactive, and sincere
    • renaudr
       
      I would be interested to know how other teachers do this.  I am new to doing things online for my courses, but I would like to know how other teachers tailor their online material to fit the different needs of students.
    • barb jens
       
      Sometimes I follow the forum discussions and from these discussions, I ask more guiding questions that seem to follow student interests or other sites that may support their topics for further research
    • renaudr
       
      I have found that students are more open to communication via online tools than they are in class.  Discussions tend to go much deeper when they are online than in the classroom.  I have had students ask me some rather profound questions that I don't think they would have face to face.
    • Jonathan Wylie
       
      I would agree with that. From my experience, online communication tends to break down some barriers for some students. It seems less threatening to them somehow, but this does not always apply for all students.
  • • Sets and models clear expectations for appropriate behavior and proper interaction (SREB D.6, ITS 6.b) • Creates a safe environment, managing conflict (Varvel VII.D, ITS 6.e)
    • renaudr
       
      This is, of course, good for the teacher to be able to do, but I have found that as rapidly as technology changes, often times it is the students who are able to help me!
    • tamela hatcher
       
      I agree!  When I get lost, I turn to our children or another student to help me.  
  • Selects and uses technologies appropriate to the content that enhance learning
    • James Koop
       
      This is important because technology is not "one size fits all" and you want the technology to help the learner not distract the learner.
    • patesl
       
      Yes, I agree, we must select the right tool for the right job. The tool needs to be selected after the objective of the lesson has been decided, then the tool is selected to "enhance the learning". We also need to remember that instruction on how to use the tool should be taught before it is expected to help with content learning. It is too easy to forget the content and focus on "tool proficiency."
  • Provides substantive, timely, and constructive feedback to students
    • James Koop
       
      If you don't give students appropriate and timely feedback, how will they know what to do? This is important in a face-to-face class and probably more important with online classes when you don't see the teacher each day.
    • Marcia Jensen
       
      I am weak in this area, but last summer experienced a total lack of communication in one of my online courses that really left me frustrated. I resolved to make sure my students never had to experience the same thing at that point.
    • cvryhof
       
      I think this is so important especially for those who are not sure if they are doing an assignment correctly.
    • jbrosnahan
       
      You are so right -- it's easy to get frustrated when there is a lack of communication.  
  • 4Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face (SREB C.1, Varvel V)
  • 4 Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face (SREB C.1, Varvel V)
  • Has knowledge of learning theory appropriate to online learning, which may include (but is not limited to) age and ability level, multiple intelligences, didactic conversation, student developmental influences, constructivism, behaviorism, cognitivism, connectivism, and group theory (Varvel V.A)
    • apeich
       
      I wonder how - pr even if - this might be different for adult learners, particularly in nonformal adult education.
    • Mari Haley
       
      This is very similar to what we already do in our regular classrooms, so not much different for online teaching standards.
  • Understands student motivation and uses techniques to engage students (Varvel V.D, ITS
    • jbrosnahan
       
      Technology can do wonders in the motivation area.  Today's students have grown up with technology and it's technology that can engage students in online or face to face classes.
    • andersonlisa
       
      So true - everyday I have 2-3 students ask "are going to use the iPads today?". It really is amazing how it is so much apart of their lives and I'm just learning and trying to keep up.
    • jbrosnahan
       
      We are going 1:1 next year - ready or not.  It's going to be a learning opportunity for everyone.  Since I teach the business classes - Microsoft Office - they won't be used as much in my room, but I'm still looking for ways to incorporate them.
    • Mari Haley
       
      Just like I said in the first section, this is very similar to what is expected in a classroom. I'm not sure how this would be done for creating an online class, other than having a variety of ways to get information, communicate and share what you have learned. I would think that those people taking an online class would have a more similar learning style.
    • Diane Jackson
       
      I've seen several instances that technology is used just for the sake of technology. It really doesn't enhance the learning. I think in an online course this hopefully would not be the case.
  • Demonstrates effective instructional strategies and techniques, appropriate for online education, that align with course objectives and assessment
    • Marcia Jensen
       
      This has been something I have had to do deliberately because it is too easy for me to keep the same sort of activities happening all the time. I took another OLLIE course that taught me various ways of doing this. It was helpful because I was having difficulty visualizing what I could do on my own.
    • Marcia Jensen
       
      I have had this experience as an online student and have included it as an online instructor. In both cases, people who collaborated worked face to face, even though there was an online option. I think as a student you really have to push for inclusion in the collaboration. It is somehow less satisfying than being physically present.
  • Understands and uses course content that complies with intellectual property rights and fair use, and assists students in complying as well (
    • joycevermeer
       
      This needs to be a standards, but there seems to be a lot to know about how one would follow it. Sometimes I think people, myself included, may not even know they are doing things unethical. I appreciate that we are learning about this throughout the Ollie classes.
    • Marcia Jensen
       
      This would seem easy, but I have found it to be tempting to skim over it, doing the bare minimum. It is amazing how much content I want to borrow from other sources, which is fine, but also how much I leave the attribution to the bitter end.
    • Jamie Van Horn
       
      It could be difficult to use the data from assessments to guide instruction in a current course because often the online course is already established and changes cannot be made. However, data from assessments could be used for future classes.
  • As a newcomer to online learning, I believe the directions need to be incredibly explicit because the students don't necessarily "see" what the instructor sees, and the instructor isn't standing in the same room as the learner with the ability to just point at the concept
  • Networks with others involved in online education for the purpose of professional growth
    • Jonathan Wylie
       
      Google+ and Twitter and my go-to places to network with teachers online, so these would be my starting points for looking to meet this standard. The majority of online teachers seem to have some kind of presence on at least one of these networks.
    • tamela hatcher
       
      Moodle_iowa must be tagged to get full credit.  You must also search ollie iowa and join the group before the drop down menu will give you any other option but "private".
    • tamela hatcher
       
      The interactive, collaboration and learning community of #5 is important as we move into the online learning arena.
    • tamela hatcher
       
      The interactive, collaboration and learning community of #5 is important as we move into the online learning arena.
    • tamela hatcher
       
      Tamela is able to respond to notes already posted but not able to post original thread.  I am logged in and can see everyone's notes.  I have changed the dropdown menu to Ollie_Iowa.  What am I doing wrong?
    • tamela hatcher
       
      I think it finally worked.  I am not sure what I did differently!  This brings me to #7...it is so important to experience online learning from the perspective of a student :)
    • tamela hatcher
       
      Just like face to face learning, online teachers need to remember to provide opportunities that enable student self-assessment.
    • tamela hatcher
       
      It is important we select and use technology appropriately with the content and not get caught up in the bells and whistles.  I have been to classes where they used Power Point and had every icon flying in with a different sound...annoying.
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
    • jwest70
       
      It's also important to be available to help students.  They will not be learning any of the important content if they are lost in "online never-never-land".
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face (
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
  • Understands the differences between teaching online and teaching face-to-face
    • Julianne Manock
       
      It is important for people to understand how to communicate when teaching online. This is different from face to face teaching. People cannot see facial expressions and cannot hear the tone of the teacher online. Making sure communication is clear, positive and professional is important.
  • Communicates assessment criteria and standards to students, including rubrics for student performances and participation
    • Julianne Manock
       
      Students like to understand how they are going to be graded on a project. Making sure that you show them by using a rubric will help with any questions they may have later on about their score. A rubric can also be like a checklist for students to make sure they have covered all parts of the assignment.
  • Establishes standards for student behavior that are designed to ensure academic integrity and appropriate use of the internet and written communication
    • Julianne Manock
       
      This is important because students need to understand that their online course is a classroom setting not a private chat room setting. Being professional and respectful in their posts and comments is important.
    • jwest70
       
      I think it's also important to stress the use of proper sentence structure, proper grammar, etc.  Just because it's online doesn't meet texting rules apply.
    • jbrosnahan
       
      It's frustrating to see text abbreviations in an academic class.  It's something I stress - the difference between what is appropriate and when it is appropriate.     
  • to stay current with emerging technologies (SREB B.5)
    • jbrosnahan
       
      By Jan Brosnahan -- Sometimes I thinks it's hard to stay current with all the new technology out there.  That's why classes like this are helpful to bring people together with ideas that can help other teachers.
    • Barbara Day
       
      Insuring that students feel safe and included is of extreme importance when we are all learning in isolation, particularly when you can't rely on visual clues like in face to face education. Also written communication can so easily be misunderstood.
    • Barbara Day
       
      #7 is extremely important. Technology changes so quickly that you have to be constantly exposing yourself to new learning, and then you have to utilize it.
  • Aligns assessment with course objectives
    • patesl
       
      This just underlines the importance to test how we teach, remembering each students ability level and background knowledge. I think we have a special name for that, oh yeah, differentiation.
  • • Knows and aligns instruction to the achievement goals of the local agency and the state, such as with the Iowa Core (Varvel I.A, ITS 1.f, ITS 3.a)
    • andersonlisa
       
      It's so important to know the standards and teach those to our students. We can't expect them to know what they haven't been taught.
  • • Applies research, knowledge, and skills from professional growth to improve practice (SREB C.8, ITS 7.c)
    • Steven Sand
       
      I am a firm believer in this benchmark of standard 7. I feel as if I'm falling behind when I'm not taking classes to expand my horizon. Which explains my interest in learning about moodle, etc.
    • jbrosnahan
       
      You will probably be able to tell my age .... but I've been going to school for 50 years!  If I don't keep taking classes on technology that can help my students, I feel like I'm not preparing them for their next step.
  • • Understands and uses data from assessments to guide instruction (SREB J, ITS 5.c)
    • bgeanaea11
       
      Formative assessment is so important to adjust instruction to meet learner needs.
    • bgeanaea11
       
      This can be difficult and what I find most challenging with online courses.
  • Proposed Online Teaching Standards
  • Proposed Online Teaching Standards
  • Proposed Online Teaching Standards
  • These standards are an alignment of the Iowa Teaching Standards (ITS), the Southern Regional Educational Board's iNACOL standards (SREB), and the standards put forth by the University of Illinois (Virgil Varvel)
    • Steven Sand
       
      Asked this one the on the course standards as well. Are these standards subject to change with the coming of the Iowa Core.
  • Creates a learning community that encourages collaboration and interaction, including student-teacher, student-student, and student-content (SREB D.2, Varvel VII.B, ITS 6.a)
    • patesl
       
      Not only do we need to promote a collaborative and interactive situation in the face-to-face classroom, online collaboration that promote interactive activities while teaching content is very important however challenging for someone just starting to learn how to develop online classes. The tools to form collaborative situations sound great but learning how to take advantage of their full potential takes time. I think to start with I'll find one tool, maybe two, to focus on.
    • jbrosnahan
       
      In today's business world - teamwork is an important skill.  You are right when you say we need to promote collaborative skills with out students.  The online classes can help students work together while not being in the exact location or time.
    • natehernandez
       
      This one hits home with me being a science teacher. We need more scientists. We need students graduating and heading to college and majoring in the sciences. One way to capture attentiion and make science intruiging is through technology. I have found that using things like LoggerPro with Vernier Software and Hardware get students that hands-on experience that facilitate learning when they don't know they're learning.
    • natehernandez
       
      I believe in trying new things and I'm not afraid to jump out there along with the students. This year, we tried two new projects in class involving two different software programs. One of which, I had zero experience with and the other, minimal technical practice. One was Google Sketchup and the other was Audacity. With Sketchup, the students were highly skeptical, but became extremely more than proficient. Some got really good. When we went to Audacity, it jsut took a reminder that they can do anything they put their mind to. Students are highly adaptable when it comes to technology.
  • Meets the professional teaching standards established by a state-licensing agency, or has the academic credentials in the field in which he or she is teaching (SREB A.1, Varvel II.A)
    • joycevermeer
       
      I developed great respect for teaching standards over the past few years as I was required to learn all about Iowa's Early Learning Standards in my position as an Early Childhood Consultant for Northwest AEA. I observed that teachers who get to know and implement the standards have better outcomes for children. Having the credentials and meeting the standards for whatever you are teaching, on or off-line, brings credibility to what you are doing.
    • jwest70
       
      I'm new to online teaching.  What are your thoughts in rigor?  Do you find online classes more or less rigorous than traditional class?  
  • Creates or selects multiple assessment instruments that are appropriate for online learning
    • joycevermeer
       
      I agree. We need to have various ways to assess online learning. We need to do quick screens to get an indication of where students are at, but we must also do ongoing observations. There is value in both formal and informal types of assessment.
  • Utilizes a course evaluation and student feedback data to improve the course
    • jwest70
       
      I think reflective teaching, while very important in a standard classroom, is even more critical for an online class.  With ever changing technology, lessons will need to be continually modified
  • Demonstrates ethical conduct as defined by state law and local policies or procedures
    • jwest70
       
      If students see instructors violate copyright laws, how can we expect them not to?  
  • Maintains an online social presence that is available, approachable, positive, interactive, and sincere
    • apeich
       
      I work with many learners who insist that they cannot connect online the same way they do in person. It's my goal to win over some of these reluctant learners, but I think I need to provide them with many options for interaction.
    • Jamie Fath
       
      I taught a hybrid course last semester out of scheduling necessity and feedback (about the structure of the course) from students was the most beneficial part of the course for me as an instructor. I underestimated what teaching online required before that experience!
  • evaluate learning materials and resources that align with the context and enhance learning
    • Jamie Fath
       
      I know it's been mentioned above but this so closely replicates the Iowa Teaching Standards yet is so different at the same time. Remembering that learning material and resource needs are different for students in an online environment is so important! Again, wraps back to the importance of being an active online learner yourself to understand the needs and demands your students will require.
  •  
    Utilizes student feedback data to improve the course
  • ...8 more comments...
  •  
    Utilizes student feedback data to improve the course
  •  
    This is important because technology is not "one size fits all" and you want the technology to help the learner not distract the learner.
  •  
    From my experiences as an online student and an instructor, I have found these two criteria very important. The reasons I have found is that you have to think about how to describe in detail expectations that a variety of individuals may have as an online instructor. When you are face-to-face, you can be more general and as students immediately ask questions or you can read body language, you can adjust immediately. So, you have to use many previous experiences to predict concerns which students may have and be ready to differentiate at any time.
  •  
    Helps students with disabilities to understand the lessons snapped a picture of what is required of them for the assignments, or connect the subject lessons in reading and writing parts for all other students in class or online lectures. also works to shorten the time of the study. Asma Ali
  •  
    studying of Diigo, help increase the teacher in his style in the study, and may be a means of importance in a variety of teaching methods
  •  
    If you don't give students appropriate and timely feedback, how will they know what to do? This is important in a face-to-face class and probably more important with online classes when you don't see the teacher each day.
  •  
    Standards for teaching on-line
  •  
    Online Teaching Standards
  •  
    If you don't give students appropriate and timely feedback, how will they know what to do? This is important in a face-to-face class and probably more important with online classes when you don't see the teacher each day.
  •  
    From my experiences as an online student and an instructor, I have found these two criteria very important. The reasons I have found is that you have to think about how to describe in detail expectations that a variety of individuals may have as an online instructor. When you are face-to-face, you can be more general and as students immediately ask questions or you can read body language, you can adjust immediately. So, you have to use many previous experiences to predict concerns which students may have and be ready to differentiate at any time.
Joanne Cram

Article(s): Self- and Peer-Assessment Online - 1 views

  • increase student responsibility and autonomy • strive for a more advanced and deeper understanding of the subject matter, skills and processes • lift the role and status of the student from passive learner to active leaner and assessor
    • anonymous
       
      So many times teachers spend too many hours planning a process for students to read a learning target. Each student may choose a varied route to achieve a target, it is up to the teacher to facilitate and support the learning toward that goal.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      I'm assuming you meant "reach" a learning target, but if you didn't, I'm chuckling in agreement. I don't think having the class read aloud the target of the day is a great strategy by any means (though one I've observed many times).
  • Students feel ill equipped to undertake the assessment
    • anonymous
       
      YES! It takes a significant amount of time to help student understand how to think about their thinking. But, it is time well worth it because student internalize the process an start to add reflective thinking in conversation or as a natural part of their learning.
  • “Put simply, we see self-assessment as feedback for oneself from oneself.”
    • anonymous
       
      It is important for me to look for success and opportunities for improvement.
    • jbdecker
       
      What am I doing well and why?  What could I improve on and can I make a plan to get there?
  • ...66 more annotations...
  • Students in this sample reported that their attitudes toward self-assessment became more positive as their experiences with the process accumulated.
    • anonymous
       
      That isn't surprising. Its new and could feel threatening.
    • joycevermeer
       
      I wonder if when initially doing self-assessment if some students would almost feel guilty about assessing themselves too positively....even if they feel they did a really fantastic job. That's where rubrics come in, right?
    • Diane Jackson
       
      I think that's why self-assessment really needs to be explained what it is and how it is going to be used. As students use this more, they will become more confident about assessing their progress.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      My personal opinion: I don't feel this can take place in one class. This is a cultural norm that has to be set up over many years in school.
  • elp students develop that all-important ability of looking objectively at their work and then making changes that improve its quality
    • anonymous
       
      This is the life-long skill to develop!
    • joycevermeer
       
      Looking objectively at your own work isn't always easy. Sometimes the more work you put into it the more your think it becomes great and/or the more you struggle with it the more you think it isn't great. Sometimes how objective you are is subjective.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      True. It is hard to separate the quality of the work itself, and the effort you put into the work.
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      These last sentences summarize the article.  Self-assessment does not have to equate with grading.  We need to teach people how to evaluate their own work so that they can make changes for improvement of their work. I feel that at times people are just after the grade.....pleasing the professor....not about learning. 
  • Students individually assess each other's contribution using a predetermined list of criteria.
    • Kathleen Goslinga
       
      It's important to have a "predetermined list of criteria" that has been identified by the teacher. Followed by a practice peer assessment being completed as a group for practice. This will serve as a guide to the student(s) as they begin the peer assessment process for each other.
  • • Focuses on the development of student’s judgment skills.
    • Kathleen Goslinga
       
      Developing good judgement skills of a student takes practice and time. Small group work of 4-5 members on a couple of sample assignments will help in learning how to identify and offer good peer assessment.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      The idea of using some sample assignments as a way to help identify good peer assessment is a good recommendation. I don't think students are naturally good assessers, and this requires practice (and scaffolding).
  • 2) When assignments are low stakes
    • Kathleen Goslinga
       
      I can see peer grading being low stakes in the beginning. However, as students start to become more proficient in their skills the teacher might consider giving them the opportunity to work on a high stakes assignment as well.
  • When they self-assessed, these students reported that they checked their work, revised it, and reflected on it more generally. Before this class their self-assessment efforts were “relatively mindless.”
    • Kathleen Goslinga
       
      Interesting how the students see the value of the self assessment and prior to this class didn't put as much thought into their work.
    • Kristina Dvorak
       
      I agree, I find when I include self-assessment regularly my students are more thoughtful about what they produce.  It is also helpful for me because self-assessment allows students to verbalize their processes.  
  • Forcing’ the individual student to assess their own behaviour, as opposed to others is more constructive – it supports the aim of developing collaboration skills, along with the knowledge component.
    • Kathleen Goslinga
       
      I agree that if a student knows how to effectively complete a self evaluation of their work then chances are they will be able to work more collaboratively in a group situation.
    • Deb Vail
       
      I think I agree here. I have found that for the most part students are usually honest in a self-reflection, especially if they have to provide specific evidence to support their claims rather than just a number. If the self-evaluation is just a number it is often inflated. 
  • Goal setting Guided practice with assessment tools Portfolios
    • Kristina Dvorak
       
      Key elements of self-assessment to keep in mind.  
  • t is helpful to introduce students to the concepts and elements of assessment against specified criteria in the first weeks of class when you explain the unit of study outline
    • Kristina Dvorak
       
      This sets the tone for the class and helps to avoid some of the disadvantages discussed above.  
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      I think that the steps given in this paragraph are crucial for this process to work.  It is teaching what is expected and guidance how to measure.
  • Rees admitted the guidelines were clearly outlined as to how to grade, and that the grades he received were accurate, yet it was the quality of comments that he felt was lacking,
    • Kristina Dvorak
       
      I have a lot of questions about his process.  Did he provide students with a rubric for grading? Were comments expected?  Maybe students didn't know what to comment on (organization, subject, editing, etc.)  There are a lot of variations that need to be considered.  Also, is this expectation set out at the beginning of the course?  
    • Evan Abbey
       
      These are valid questions. The context could paint an entirely different picture. Hypothetically, though, I can see situations where he would be correct. Commenting can often be lacking, regardless of the strength of the guidelines, given a student's perceptions around how they should critique fellow students.
  • When learners are mature, self-directed and motivated.
    • Kristina Dvorak
       
      Depending on the type of class, peer feedback might not be an expectation of some learners.  For example, in an art course peer feedback is critical, but I wouldn't necessarily want (or expect to give) peer feedback in other courses I have taken.  
    • Evan Abbey
       
      This is very true. Not only subject areas, but different contexts as well. It is harder to be critical when you are simply a classmate; much easier when you are a teammate on a Mock Trial team or a Basketball team, for example.
  • we have a scoring table which where I will evaluate my 3 other group members, and myself
    • scampie1
       
      I guess I would like to know if group members are not alble to resolve problems during the project before it ends. I like the idea of monitoring group chats or discussions and using wikis that allows for some awareness of how groups are working.
  • • Students are involved in the process and are encouraged to take part ownership of this
    • scampie1
       
      If students are involved in determining what they want feedback on and have the opportunity to share what they felt went well, it is more likely feedback from peers will be valued. I have used LASW protocols, for example, and teachers seem to do more collaborative feedback this way. See link: http://www.lasw.org/protocols.html
  • Goal setting is essential because students can evaluate their progress more clearly when they have targets against which to measure their performance.
    • scampie1
       
      This is a great way to motivate students in a topic. If they can set a goal and you can support them or show how what they are learning will help them meet that goal, students gain in their learning. A bit difficult to do with younger students
    • Evan Abbey
       
      Being able to measure their performance is key. Simply going from a B to an A is a nice goal, but students often don't know how to get there. I had the goal of getting an A in my Renaissance Literature course, and was willing to do whatever it would take to get it, but for the life of me, I couldn't figure out what it would take. The grades were not connected with measurable performance.
    • Joanne Cram
       
      I think that while having goals visible to students to help drive achievement, it is also very effective when those goals are put into measurable conditions that can be graphed and monitored visually. This can be highly motivating.
    • scampie1
       
      When students identify what they did well and what they need to improve, you are provided with information about their understanding of the concepts and criteria.
    • joycevermeer
       
      Yes, the student learns about what the student knows and the teacher learns about what the student knows. It's a win-win situation.
    • scampie1
       
      Specific, measureable, aligned, realistic and timely are parts of a SMART goal if I remember correctly.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      There is some discrepancy. I learned them as Specific, Measureable, Achieveable, Relevent, and Time-Bound. Though I've seen them different in different places.
  • Grading is based on a predetermined process,
    • bgeanaea11
       
      This is important to note- if makes the process clear and meaningful.
  • • Students will have a tendency to award everyone the same mark.
    • bgeanaea11
       
      I feel a clear process and expectations would help with this.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      It can. Though, the term "clear" is not very clear. I've seen peer assessment tasks that are very detailed, but it doesn't mean students can actually provide good assessment. Many see this as something that will potentially make them look bad if they are overly critical... it seems to go against the proverbial Sunday School Lesson of being nice to everyone.
  • This also highlights the need to fully prepare and equip students for their own assessment and for the assessment of others.
    • bgeanaea11
       
      Absolutely!
  • • Agreed marking criteria means there can be little confusion about assignment outcomes and expectations.
    • bgeanaea11
       
      This is key!
  • • Additional briefing time can increase a lecturer’s workload
    • bgeanaea11
       
      As long as it is valuable to the learners I think it should be worth the time;)
  • “The difference between self-assessment and giving the teacher what he or she wants was a recurring theme
    • bgeanaea11
       
      Interesting!
    • joycevermeer
       
      It would be difficult, when you are so used to teachers evaluating your work, to truly assess your own work without thinking about what the teacher might want.
  • They also recommend that teachers share expectations for assignments and define quality.
    • joycevermeer
       
      That teachers share their expectations really makes it self-assessment, not self-grading.
  • There are ways of framing and then using self-assessment
    • ajbeyer
       
      I think this is a good skill not only for the current time and place, but also a skill students can use throughout their life. If they can learn how to effectively and objectively look at their work, they will become better and better at it in all areas of their life.
    • Joanne Cram
       
      I think this is a good case in support of using rubrics- if written correctly, it's a good tool to guide self refelction in a measurable way.
  • The instructor must explain expectations clearly to them before they begin.
    • Travis Wilkins
       
      While this seems obvious and upfront, I can recall some experiences in my undergraduate work where we were expected to complete a peer assessment and this was not at all clear.  It left our conversations to be very dull and not meaningful.  We focused on very superficial things and tried not to say things that would hurt the other's feelings.  If the expectations had been clear it would have made the process much more meaningful.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      I think the word "clear" isn't clear. That may be a bit glib, but it is a throwaway statement to say "Your expectations should be clear". Well, no doubt. But how do you know they are clear? Clear to whom? Luckily, the author backs this up with some other paragraphs below... usually authors leave it at that.
  • Portfolios
    • Travis Wilkins
       
      I see more and more reference to portfolios as students and schools move toward a 1:1 computing environment.  However, often I find that the purpose has not been clearly articulated, and the portfolio essentially becomes a collection of student work similar to the scrapbook that my mother made of my school work while growing up.  Placing the focus of the portfolio on either a self assessment of the process or product helps to provide a context and purpose for the practice.
  • • Encourages students to reflect on their role and contribution to the process of the group work
    • Travis Wilkins
       
      I feel that self assessment done well can be extremely valuable for our students.  It focuses the the process of self reflection and forces the student to constantly look back at the criteria listed for the work to be completed.
  • “Professors in the trenches tend to hold their monopoly on evaluating their students’ work dearly, since it helps them control the classroom better by reinforcing their power and expertise,” supports a cognitive and instructor-focused learning orientation.
    • Travis Wilkins
       
      Unfortunately, this statement rings very true in my personal experience.  The focus of the professors often seems to be to protect their standing as the expert and power holder.  I often wonder if the constructivist centered work that is starting to take place in our K-12 institutions is impacting what is happening at the next level.
  • There are many options still to be explored. Time will tell.
    • Travis Wilkins
       
      With the growth of MOOCs as well as other online learning options I see this as an area that will certainly continue to change and grow over time.  While both peer and self assessment may offer specific challenges in the online course world, I do believe they can have a place in assessment.
  • critically review their own work with an eye for improvement.
    • Travis Wilkins
       
      I think this is a crucial point in the process of self-assessment.  the purpose must be viewed as a process for improvement.  If the objective is complete upon grading, the self - assessment will be of little value.
    • Diane Jackson
       
      I agree that this is a crucial point. It is about the process for improvement. I take classes now for the knowledge not the grade. It puts a whole new spin on the learning and wanting to improvement my practices, etc.
  • identifying any ‘slackers’ or those who sit on the side lines through the entire project, with minimal contributions.
    • Deb Vail
       
      This is so true. I hate to admit it, but I think I was too focused on making sure that the assessment took into account each member's contribution more so than did each student meet the target or goal. I wonder if it's because I was always one of the heavy lifters in all projects. I wanted to be sure that my grade didn't suffer because of those that didn't care. I suspect my approach to assessing group work was influenced unduly by my past experiences as a student than sound pedagogy.  
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      Question: Couldn't the teacher "see" who has participated in the group work by using the instructor's tools for the online platform?  Why use peer assessment for a grade?
    • jbdecker
       
      I see the reasoning behind this peer assessment but I never liked it as a student and I have had a hard time even giving part of a grade on group projects based on peer evaluations so I have generally steered clear of using them in this way.
  • I have mixed feelings about peer evaluations, leaning towards not using peer reviews as part of the assessment strategy. I wonder if the concept of peer evaluation is exclusive to higher education institutions in the USA? In considering the 
    • Deb Vail
       
      I agree. I have never been satisfied with efforts at peer assessment. I love the idea of it, but I never got the desired results. I suspect I did not do enough modeling. 
  • Though, my experience is that the points do not motivate the student to participate in the project on the front end, but more allows the other group members to express his or her dissatisfaction with the other group members lack of participation or cooperation. I do 
    • Deb Vail
       
      I have to agree here. This has more of a punitive feel to it rather than providing an incentive for positive behavior. 
  • A well written rubric not only helps the facilitator score the assignment but it and can greatly increase the quality and effort put into assignments by giving students a clear expectations with knowledge that must be demonstrated.
    • Deb Vail
       
      A well-written rubric provides guidance for what the end result should be, but it doesn't do much to ensure that the group works well together to accomplish this goal. Often, it just indicates what the heavy lifters have to do.
    • joycevermeer
       
      More than anything else I have learned this through this course...that well-written rubrics are so important! I thought that before, but now as we look at self and peer assessment I see it as absolutely critical.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      Deb, you really have a good point. Rubrics for group work in of themselves do not ensure that everyone is doing their part.
  • • Students feel ill equipped to undertake the assessment. Preparing students for self or peer assessment
    • Deb Vail
       
      I have found that the more students practice assessing other pieces of writing, the better informed they are as to the what quality work looks like. They are better able to assess it in others' work as well as their own. However, often there doesn't seem to be enough time to devote to this process. It is so worthwhile but very time consuming. 
    • Diane Jackson
       
      I agree with you Deb. It is so worthwhile but it takes time. In order to get better they need practice and guidance. I do think student engagement and responsibility for own learning will outweigh the time involvement in the long run.
  • hange to one of facilitator.
  • the ultimate expression of individualism
    • joycevermeer
       
      n education we are always talking about the individual...doing individual child planning...working individually with students....valuing the thoughts of the individual...etc. This is a good point. Peer evaluation is the ultimate expression of individualism.
    • Evan Abbey
       
      I'm not sure I understood what the author was trying to get at with this section. Whether peer evaluation is considered "individual" or "collective" is beside the point to me.
  • “Most group work is assessed by giving every individual the same grade for a team effort. However this approach runs counter to the principles of individual accountability in group learning…. difficult to determine the individual grades for work submitted by the group.”
    • joycevermeer
       
      This is true as well. Maybe peer assessment isn't so individualistic. How can an instructor possibly know exactly how much an individual contributed to the group work. There are ways of making it look like you're a team player, when maybe you aren't....moreso with online learning I would think.
  • a team grade AND a grade allocated for the peer evaluation, the latter usually accounting for a small percentage of the total assignment.
    • joycevermeer
       
      This seems right to me.
  • the ability to self-assess skills and completed work is important.
    • Diane Jackson
       
      This is an important part of career readiness, being able to self-assess. In my work career I am constantly reflecting on my own work, what I need to know more about and how I can improve the process and/or the final product.
  • Encourages student involvement and responsibility.
    • Diane Jackson
       
      If we want students to be engaged and responsible for their learning, self-assessment is a great start. Students monitor their progress and contribute to their learning goals.
  • As this work illustrates, self-assessment need not necessarily be about self-grading. There are ways of framing and then using self-assessment that can help students develop that all-important ability of looking objectively at their work and then making changes that improve its quality.
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      These last sentences summarize the article.  Self-assessment does not have to equate with grading.  We need to teach people how to evaluate their own work so that they can make changes to improve their work. I feel that at times people are just after the grade.....pleasing the professor....not about learning. 
  • Rather than assessing whether the student learned from the assignment or not, this method seems geared to identifying any ‘slackers’ or those who sit on the side lines through the entire project, with minimal contributions.
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      Question: Couldn't the teacher "see" who has participated in the group work by using the instructor's tools for the online platform or asking for entrance into the google doc process?
  • ‘Forcing’ the individual student to assess their own behaviour, as opposed to others is more constructive – it supports the aim of developing collaboration skills, along with the knowledge component
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      Personally, I like self-evaluation better than peer- assessment.  With peer-assessment, other participants may not know why a peer has not contributed at all or minimally to a group project. Maybe there was a good reason.  Also, I still don't like a group grade. What I have seen is that a few people carry the load of the work.
  • Yet there are times when it won’t work, this is where I agree with Professor Rees, the situations where students do need detailed and constructive feedback from an instructor, or mentor that is qualified.
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      I agree with this statement.  When I am paying for a graduate course, I want feedback from the person who knows more than I know about the subject. Peer review is fine, too, but the instructor needs to step in when information/insight needs to be added to the discussion.
  • t is helpful to introduce students to the concepts and elements of assessment against specified criteria in the first weeks of class when you explain the unit of study outline. This requires taking time at the outset of the group activity or unit of study to discuss what is required, and to provide guidance on how to judge their own and others’ contributions. Students will need to be assisted to develop criteria that match the learning outcomes with regards to the output and process of the group work. If assessment criteria for each element are set up and clearly communicated, your role will also change to one of facilitator.
    • ajbeyer
       
      This is exactly what needs to happen in order for assessment to be outlined explicitly in a class. It's crucial to teach these steps to students in order for the assessmets (both peer and self) are done well.
  • It is helpful to introduce students to the concepts and elements of assessment against specified criteria in the first weeks of class when you explain the unit of study outline. This requires taking time at the outset of the group activity or unit of study to discuss what is required, and to provide guidance on how to judge their own and others’ contributions. Students will need to be assisted to develop criteria that match the learning outcomes with regards to the output and process of the group work. If assessment criteria for each element are set up and clearly communicated, your role will also change to one of facilitator.
    • Lynn Helmke
       
      I think that the steps given in this paragraph are crucial for this process to work.  It is teaching what is expected and guidance how to measure.
  • Students that fell into this group were physically and cognitively lazy, not contributing to the process as required. This phenomenon was referenced in several other research studies within the paper. I suggest another group be added to the mix besides the loafers— students that cannot provide feedback due to the lack of necessary skills, whether it be education background or language.
    • jbdecker
       
      I can see where this could be a major problem in a large open course with peer grading in anonymity.  I don't see the social loafing problem to be one that I would deal with in a online class with 20-30 students using a LMS like Moodle or Canvas where expectations have been set up, models have been provided and scaffolding of skills has been completed prior to a peer evaluation.
  • When learners are at a similar skill level
    • jbdecker
       
      I can see where this could be an issue that an instructor would have to use scaffolding to overcome prior to having the students complete peer grading. 
  • It can also be very effective in small, closed online classes where students are at similar skill level and receive instruction and guidance in how to grade within the process.
    • jbdecker
       
      I guess I should have read this part before I commented above.  I am thinking about this article from my perspective as a High School teacher.  I would never expect to use peer grading without first providing instruction and assessing student readiness to handle the process.
  • It seems like the kind of skill that should be addressed in college.
    • jbdecker
       
      Couldn't it start much sooner than this?  If it is a skill that is acquired with practice and developed with feedback why wait until college? Being able to look at criteria and critically assess your own performance could and should happen much earlier than college.
  • They were required to submit their self-assessments with the completed work, but their assessments were not graded.
    • jbdecker
       
      Requiring students to self-assess and submit it with their work makes so much sense. We work on creating rubrics so that the students know the criteria that they are trying to meet with their performance why wouldn't you require the students to self assess against this same rubric. To be honest though this is something that I have rarely done.  I have reminded students to reference the rubric provided but I haven't let them know early on that they would be required to submit a self-assessment using the rubric.  This is something that I am eager to try with my students in the near future. 
  • that is well crafted to include focused self reflection questions)
    • jbdecker
       
      I like this idea. Have each student provide evidence for the work they have completed in their group.  Providing this self evaluation at the front end of a group project may spur more participation if each student knows they will be responsible for providing answers to these questions to the instructor.
  • Students can also benefit from using rubrics or checklists to guide their assessments
    • criley55
       
      Highly important when having students evaluate themselves or others!
    • Joanne Cram
       
      This also helps students know what is expected of them.
  • For peer evaluation to work effectively, the learning environment in the classroom must be supportive. Students must feel comfortable and trust one another in order to provide honest and constructive
    • criley55
       
      I completely agree with this - if it is not an environment of mutual respect, you can't expect that they will give each other honest open feedback. Students will be guarded and not open to others opinions.
  • For example, a student may agree to work toward the grade of "B" by completing a specific number of assignments at a level of quality described by the instructor.
    • criley55
       
      I remember doing these in school and while it is a way for students to consider setting goals, it makes me wonder if it's the best idea because shouldn't all students be aiming for an A?
  • Students do not learn to monitor or assess their learning on their own; they need to be taught strategies for self monitoring and self assessment
    • criley55
       
      Some students come by this naturally but most need very specific examples and guided practice. There are many students who have never "failed" at anything so wouldn't be able to accurately assess themselves.
    • Joanne Cram
       
      In working with the special education population of teachers and students, this is a key point. If we don't explicitly teach the objectives we hope to achieve, there's a strong correlation for failure.
  • Portfolios are purposeful, organized, systematic collections of student work that tell the story of a student's efforts, progress, and achievement in specific areas
    • criley55
       
      I like the use of portfolios if they are truly a story of the students' work showing growth over time and not just items selected by the teacher to showcase what they think parents want to see.
  • Instructors who use group work and peer assessment frequently can help students develop trust by forming them into small groups early in the semester and having them work in the same groups throughout the term.
    • Nicole Wood
       
      I definitely feel that peer assessment can be powerful, but only if students are taught the process and given opportunities to practice with teacher guidance. Student comfort level and trust in their group are also key. I think it takes the teacher carefully considering personalities and ability-level while also supporting teams to establish these groups. I also like the idea of students staying with the same team all year to help establish this comfort level. I would be interested to see different models of what peer assessment looks like in primary grades.
  • In addition, students' motivation to learn increases when they have self-defined, and therefore relevant, learning goals.
    • Nicole Wood
       
      I do believe that goal setting is motivational for students. I found even in the primary grades students took more ownership in their learning when they set their own goals. They often needed support with forming SMART goals, but the idea came from them and they felt confident talking about their goal.
  • students are looking at their work and judging the degree to which it reflects the goals of the assignment and the assessment criteria the teacher will be using to evaluate the work
    • Nicole Wood
       
      I found students frequently put more effort into their work when they knew they would be self-assessing. By providing them with the rubric or criteria that I would be evaluating their work with and having them complete it first, they were much more focused on the quality of their work. In the primary grades, it could be as simple as a check list with pictures to prompt them for what to look for in their work. It also opened the door for discussions on their work because I could ask them how they came up with their marks.
    • ajbeyer
       
      I think that a lot of times, students can be harder graders on themselves than a teacher is on them. They have gone through the ups and downs of the assingment and know where they weak points are. The hardest critic is always yourself.
  • The instructor usually takes the average of the peer evaluations, and shares this grade with each team member which serves as the student’s grade in the peer evaluation portion.
    • Nicole Wood
       
      I was initially very hesitant over the idea of peer evaluation, but did like the idea of the evaluations being averaged and anonymous. I still feel as though instructors could get a good idea of the participation level for different members through the use of some online tools.
  • The tool also encourages the student to consider actions that he or she demonstrated to support the team and to estimate what percentage of the work he or she contributed to the project.
    • Nicole Wood
       
      I really like the idea of self-evaluation, especially for adult courses. I often feel that adults typically are truthful about their level of contribution. If the evaluation form or reflection is phrased well, it can also lead the adults to be more honest about what they actually contributed to the group project. Self reflecting also can help them change their future behavior within group projects.
  • Portfolio assessment emphasizes evaluation of students' progress, processes, and performance over time
    • ajbeyer
       
      Portfolio assessment is a great way for students to gain a better understanding of what they have learned and their progress over time. It's better than a 1 time snapshot test assessment. It's a great way for students to see that progress has been made.
    • Joanne Cram
       
      A portfolio is only as effective as the instructor makes it. If it is just a means of " turning something in"- then it will not be valued, utilized, nor looked at by the student. If a portfolio is used as a basis for comparison of learning and progress made, it can be highly effective.
  • Showing students examples of effective and ineffective pieces of work can help to make those definitions real and relevant
    • ajbeyer
       
      I know that I benefit from seeing what is effective and what is not effective, so I am sure students are the same way. It helps me realize to what level I need to work and what is expected of me. Showing students good and not good examples can also help them review their orwn work better too.
  • Group work can be more successful when students are involved in developing the assessment process.
    • ajbeyer
       
      When students are involved in their grading process they feel like they have a stake in it. When they feel like they have a part of it, they feel like they need to achieve higher in order to meet the stakes they have helped set. They can be very good, but not used all the time.
  •  
    " increase student responsibility and autonomy * strive for a more advanced and deeper understanding of the subject matter, skills and processes * lift the role and status of the student from passive learner to active leaner and assessor"
  •  
    " increase student responsibility and autonomy * strive for a more advanced and deeper understanding of the subject matter, skills and processes * lift the role and status of the student from passive learner to active leaner and assessor"
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