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"« Alexa, je crois que j'ai la grippe… ». Désormais, les Britanniques peuvent se plaindre à l'assistant vocal d'Amazon de leur état de santé : la Sécurité sociale locale mise sur cette technologie pour dispenser des conseils médicaux."

un panorama sur le travail des invisibles, nouveau prolétariat des plateformes.Et en particulier le travail derrière l'IA. Faut il adapter le droit du travail à ces nouvelles pratiques, comme créer un nouveau statut pour ce type d'emploi et/ou introduire de la négociation collective, du dialogue social dans ces plateformes (Facebook Google Amazon)

Les propositions de Laurence Devillers : 11 commandements à appliquer à la conception des assistants intelligents, sociaux, de compagnie... "Les systèmes actuels sont [...] encore très loin de savoir converser et de pouvoir détecter les émotions complexes de la vie de tous les jours. Ils possèdent des facultés de compréhension très pauvres et n'ont aucun sens commun. Malgré cela, l'humain projette sur ces objets des capacités humaines et les anthropomorphise. [...] Engager l'utilisateur dans une interaction avec un robot doté de capacités affectives, faire qu'il prenne du plaisir à interagir avec lui, faire qu'il ait confiance en lui, sont des buts de la robotique de compagnie. Mais si les systèmes singent les comportements des humains, encore faut-il prendre en compte les risques de confusion pour une grande partie du public." 1 - Donnés privées : « Tu ne divulgueras pas mes données à n'importe qui. » 2 - Droit à l'oubli : « Tu oublieras tout ce que je te demande d'oublier. » 3 - Sécurité : « Tu pourras te déconnecter d'Internet si je te le demande. » 4 - Contrôle : « Tu seras régulièrement contrôlé pour évaluer ce que tu as appris. » 5 - Explicabilité et traçabilité : « Tu pourras m'expliquer tes comportements si je te le demande. » 6 - Loyauté : « Tu seras loyal. » 7- Consentement : « Tu seras empathique et simulera des émotions, seulement si je le sais ! » 8 - Risque de dépendance : « Tu stimuleras ma mémoire et veilleras à ce que je ne devienne pas trop dépendant de toi ! » 9 - Risque de confusion : « Tu feras attention à ce que je ne te confonde pas avec un être humain ! » 10 - Adaptation aux règles sociales « Tu apprendras à vivre avec des humains et tu t'adapteras aux règles sociales. » 11 - Utilité et bienveillance : « Tu seras bienveillant et utile. Et pourquoi pas, doué d'un peu d'humour ! »

Personnaliser les services, et le bot en fonction de l'humeur et la personnalité de la personne. L'affective computing ou social computing continue d'intéresser les industriels. Orange s'y intéresse et s'interroge aussi sur le degré d'acceptabilité des usagers. Jusqu'où aller dans la personnalisation de services et d'interaction avec les machines?

"Voice search may also make it easier for a customer to leave reviews, as well as increase the importance of them. Rather than having to log in and type out a review, it can be as simple as your device asking you, "How do you like the backpack you ordered? How many stars would you give that product?" This becomes important when it comes time to shop: Nearly 85% of voice shoppers are confident in the recommendations given to them by their digital assistants. Having great reviews will be more important than ever -- otherwise, a product runs the risk of never being seen by the voice shopper." "My biggest advice to brands is to start by having a defined voice engine optimization strategy. Once you define your strategy, you should work on building a keyword list specific to voice search. "

nouvelle bulle de filtre ?

The Amazon Echo as an anatomical map of human labor, data and planetary resources - By Kate Crawford and Vladan Joler (2018) [...] "At this moment in the 21st century, we see a new form of extractivism that is well underway: one that reaches into the furthest corners of the biosphere and the deepest layers of human cognitive and affective being. Many of the assumptions about human life made by machine learning systems are narrow, normative and laden with error. Yet they are inscribing and building those assumptions into a new world, and will increasingly play a role in how opportunities, wealth, and knowledge are distributed. The stack that is required to interact with an Amazon Echo goes well beyond the multi-layered 'technical stack' of data modeling, hardware, servers and networks. The full stack reaches much further into capital, labor and nature, and demands an enormous amount of each. The true costs of these systems - social, environmental, economic, and political - remain hidden and may stay that way for some time. We offer up this map and essay as a way to begin seeing across a wider range of system extractions. The scale required to build artificial intelligence systems is too complex, too obscured by intellectual property law, and too mired in logistical complexity to fully comprehend in the moment. Yet you draw on it every time you issue a simple voice command to a small cylinder in your living room: 'Alexa, what time is it?" And so the cycle continues."

"-Smart speakers are not broadly useful-most users only use them for a few things-music, timers, alarms, and, in some cases, home automation scenarios. - Voice-only situations are limiting in cases where a visual or hybrid mode is required - media, entertainment, shopping, etc. - Engagement levels with third-party skills are very low (skills offer limited functionality and skills syntax is hard to remember). "I'm sorry, I don't know that" and other Alexa failures are no longer entertaining, but rather frustrating. Even Amazon acknowledges this [https://www.tomsguide.com/us/amazon-alexa-kills-skills,news-28072.html] - Smart speakers are NOT ubiquitous-the speaker on my kitchen counter is not in my car nor in my office!" "Apps - do we need to reinvent the wheel?" "Most people already have their banking, communications, social networking, navigation, travel and payment apps in their smartphones. They already know how to use them (simple). They already know which ones to use for what purpose-Slack for work, WhatsApp for friends, Messenger for family (user choice). They've already registered and set them up and they provide control over what information goes where-for instance, their portfolio may be in their banking app, their contacts are on the phone. They know which app sees what data (privacy). They also trust apps to protect them and their data. Imagine a voice assistant platform that just allows users to use the apps they already use-on-the-go - anytime, anywhere-with simple voice commands, without having to register these service relationships again, and without waiting for the developers to have to reinvent the wheel to plug into the platform. We must embrace mobile app actions as first-class citizens. We should be able to do things in our mobile apps with simple voice commands. We must provide user choice and personalize user experience without registration and without compromising privacy and trust."

"If voicebots provide value, then consumers will not hesitate to use them. [...] But convenience isn't one-sided. It has to be equally convenient for the business and for the consumer. And there are many underlying social, moral and legal implications to consider as this technology matures in support of that balance. How do you ensure a voicebot behaves ethically? How do you prevent inflection and sentiment analysis being deployed to manipulate people during a bot conversation? What do bots do with the information consumers provide? Will they remember credit card numbers? Where does information go? How is it stored? Who and what else can access it? There are severe privacy implications too. In Europe, for example, voicebots must comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (which came into force last year)." [...] "And businesses deploying voicebots also had better be prepared for the hefty weight of user expectation. As humans, we are biologically wired to recognize voices and instinctively recall what we can do with the associated persona. " [...] "Even though voicebots are soon going to be everywhere, we are not going to be comfortable talking to them all the time. They will have utility, and they will be more convenient for quick queries and simple tasks. But, being able to talk with a real person about messy human matters has value that a bot can never be trained to manage completely and infallibly. "

"[...]If you don't happen to work in the tech sector, you probably can't think about all the untapped potential in your Amazon Echo or Google Home without experiencing some misgivings. By now, most of us have grasped the dangers of allowing our most private information to be harvested, stored, and sold. We know how facial-recognition technologies have allowed authoritarian governments to spy on their own citizens; how companies disseminate and monetize our browsing habits, whereabouts, social-media interactions; how hackers can break into our home-security systems and nanny cams and steal their data or reprogram them for nefarious ends. Virtual assistants and ever smarter homes able to understand our physical and emotional states will open up new frontiers for mischief making. Despite the optimism of most of the engineers I've talked with, I must admit that I now keep the microphone on my iPhone turned off and my smart speakers unplugged when I don't plan to use them for a while.[...]"

"Last summer, Voicebot speculated that consumer robots likely had suffered from the rapid adoption of smart speakers. Many of the core functions that consumer robots sought to provide such as access to information, entertaining children, and even communications were already features available through smart speakers, many of which were frequently sold at discounts below $30. The quick rise of smart speakers meant that consumer robots needed different capabilities to become relevant."

"Dans la voiture de demain, la radio via la 5G et les réseaux mobiles permettront une meilleure interactivité. Elle pourrait se transformer en assistant vocal, tout comme le poste de télévision du salon. Apple, Alexa d'Amazon, Android de Google vont devenir des passages obligés. Il faut que l'audiovisuel puisse accéder aux services 5G des opérateurs télécoms, comme la SNCF ou Carrefour, et nous pouvons même imaginer une obligation adaptée pour ce secteur spécifique et tout ce qui touche à la culture et au pluralisme. En janvier, j'ai rencontré Franck Riester pour lui proposer d'intégrer dans sa loi audiovisuelle une réponse à la question des terminaux : comment garantir à Radio France qu'il n'est pas bloqué par iOS, Android ou Alexa sur une enceinte connectée ou dans la voiture ?"

"There are a few fundamental reasons why voice shopping has huge potential.[...] - It's faster. We can speak faster than we can type, so using voice is typically quicker than any other modality. For example, in 2018, Virgin Trains in the UK launched an Alexa skill that lets customers book train tickets through Alexa. It takes the average booking time down from 7 minutes online to 2 minutes via voice. The potential to save time is always something that appeals to customers. - It's frictionless. No matter how user-friendly you make your website or app, no matter how much you work on your conversion rate, you're always battling the inherent friction that's built into the device itself. [...] [but] there are challenges for retailers, including: - Data ownership. If you choose to use one of the top two platforms, Alexa or Google Assistant, then they'll ultimately have visibility into all of your skill or action activity, including what your users are asking for and buying. That's pretty compelling competitive intelligence. - Commission. For a truly seamless experience, you'll need to use a native payment service, like Amazon Pay or Google Pay. For that, there's a charge. - Competition. Amazon's aim is to be the place where you can buy anything online. That means that, whether or not you compete with Amazon today, you might tomorrow. Second, there are challenges for consumers, including: - Difficulty browsing. Although we can speak faster than we can type, it's quicker to scan a list of search results than it is to listen to those results read back audibly. This means that general browsing, a common product research behavior, is a challenge on voice. - Difficulty discovering possibilities. Discovering voice applications is a challenge. So finding out what shopping facilities exist on voice and understanding how to access them can be a challenge for some. - Cognitive load. There's also a cognitive load placed on the user in order to access a t

"F'xa is built with feminists values in mind and every response given holds up to feminist beliefs that avoid reinforcing bias and stereotypes. F'xa was created by a diverse team using the Feminist Internet's Personal Intelligent Assistant Standards and Josie Young's Feminist Chatbot Design research. In preparation for building F'xa, Young explored contemporary feminist techniques for designing technology called the Feminist Chatbot Design Process - a series of reflective questions incorporating feminist design, ethical AI principles, and research on de-biasing data. Using a smartphone, the bot works to ensure designers don't perpetuate gender inequalities into their chatbots and educates users on how current voice assistants give gender equality a bleak future. "

"En passant à "Hey Google" au lieu de "Dis Google", le géant limite aussi les mot-clés déclencheurs, n'en utilisant plus que 2 partout dans le monde."

"- 34% of U.S. 18-29-year-olds owned a smart speaker at the beginning of 2019 while the figure for the over 60 population was just 20%. - The use of voice assistants on smartphones follows a similar pattern but is less extreme with over 80% of under 30 consumers saying they've used a smartphone-based voice assistant compared to about 60% for the oldest age group. - However, the frequency of smart speaker use is less age-dependent as 60 years and older device owners actually exceed that of the 18-29 group with 46.6% as daily users compared to 43.1% respectively. The 30-44 age group was most active with 51.3% daily users. - Consumers over 60 skew significantly toward Amazon Alexa use for smart speakers and Apple Siri on iPhones. Google Assistant and its primary distribution of Google Home smart speakers and Android smartphones are not very popular among older Americans."

> concept de l'alignement

"Julie est micro travailleuse et elle a entraîné Cortana, l'assistant vocal de Microsoft. Nassim lui, était livreur pour Deliveroo et son temps de travail était décidé par un algorithme. Deux histoires de micro travailleurs précaires qui posent d'importants problèmes éthiques."