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Sean Nash

Regeneron ISEF 2023 - Finalist Project Portal - 6 views

projectboard.world/...categories

fair projects ISEF ISEF2023 HSR HSR-2023 science potential research idea

shared by Sean Nash on 18 May 23 - No Cached
izzy kelly liked it
  • Choose a category to begin
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 19 May 23
       
      This is a really good way to dive into specific categories and explore the projects that made it to this year's ISEF. What I would do is start with what immediately interests you for now... and pick up some tips. You might get ideas for areas/topics to research. You might see creative methods used in various studies. Pay particular attention to the fact that some utilize equipment only available at a university or corporate lab, but... many also feature creative methods done by students at home or in school labs as well!
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 19 May 23
       
      Once you get inside projects that you get ideas from, feel free to save them in Diigo for later, or share really interesting ones with others you think might benefit from seeing it.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 19 May 23
       
      One final thing: you might also get some tips for elements of their presentation that appeal to you.
katherine-medina

Frontiers | Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseas... - 1 views

www.frontiersin.org/...full

polyphenol cancer-fighting Research-idea HSR-2023 tea botany plantss

shared by katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, tannins, lignans, stilbenes and anthocyanidins
  • They possess antioxidant, chemopreventive and a wide range of pharmacological properties (
  • Over 8,000 polyphenols have been reported from plants, out of several hundreds of polyphenols exist in human diets
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Organic compounds bearing an aromatic ring with at least one hydroxyl group are termed as “phenolics”. In case, a compound possesses one or more aromatic rings having more than one hydroxyl group are called polyphenols (or polyphenolic compounds).
  • As per the C1-C6 or C3-C6 backbone, they are usually referred to as derivatives of benzoic acid or cinnamic acid
  • However, the role of the dietary polyphenols of their antioxidant abilities is still unclear.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      How exactly is the role of antioxidants unclear?
  • Increased intake of foods containing polyphenols (for example, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, cyanidin etc.) has been claimed to lower the incidence of a majority of chronic oxidative cellular damage, DNA damage, tissue inflammations, various cancers, viral/bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      So an increase of foods with natural extracts, so just plain vegetables that are not processed.
  • This review specifically focuses a current understanding on the dietary sources of polyphenols and their protective effects including mechanisms of action against various major human diseases.
  • γ rays
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      I had no idea these were a thing.
  • ROS when increased or excessively produced can cause oxidative changes/damages to all cellular macromolecules
  • Several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) aid in the removal of free radicals
  • Peroxynitrite can also destroy lipoproteins and causes lipid peroxidation of cell membranes
  • ROS can also affect protein synthesis and protein functions. Protein oxidation can result in amino acid modifications
  • Flavonoids are further classified into different subgroups based on their structures such as flavan-3-ols (examples: catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin), isoflavones (examples: genistein, genistin, daidzenin, daidzin, biochanin A, formononetin), flavones (examples: luteolin, apigenin, chrysin), flavonones (examples: hesperetin, naringenin), flavonols (examples: quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, fisetin, myricetin), flavononol (example: taxifolin), flavylium salts (examples: cyanidin, cyanin, pelargonidin), and flavanones (examples: hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, isosakuranetin)
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      WOW so flavonoids have a large variety and classes.
  • Polyphenols are found naturally in fruits and vegetables such as cereals, pulses, dried legumes, spinach, tomatoes, beans, nuts, peppermint, cinnamon, pears, cherries, oranges, apples, red wine, tea, cocoa, coffee and so on (Arts and Hollman, 2005; Scalbert et al., 2005). Polyphenols are classified into different groups depending on the number of aromatic (phenolic) rings they contain and the structural elements that connect these rings. They are broadly grouped into phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and lignans
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      SO each polyphenol has a different number of phenolic rings. What is the difference between the different polyphenols such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, stilbenes and lignans. I think that I should look at which of these groups are more effective when working with antibiotics as a way to aid them in the fight against resistant bacterias.
  • urther, OS exerts deleterious effects on DNA leading to the formation of DNA lesions, which can result in genomic instability and consequently lead to cell death.
  • In plant derived polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids comprise the largest group with an approximately 10,000 natural analogues
  • Dietary supplements containing elevated amounts of flavonoids from strawberries, lettuce, or blueberries aid in the reversal of age-related discrepancies in the brain and behavioral control in aged rats
  • Tea catechins
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      I ha e looked into these a bit, but I did not know that they can help with neurodegenerative diseases.
  • reduced glutathione (GSH), and on membrane sulphydryl (-SH) group in humans has been reported by Maurya and Rizvi (2009).
  • OS can be the primary or secondary reason for various CVDs. Preclinical evidence support that OS is linked to a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemia, stroke, cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertension, as well as congestive heart failure
  • Dietary flavonoids may reduce endothelial disorders linked with various risk factors for atherosclerosis before plaque creation
  • The polyphenols of Hibiscus sabdariffa weaken diabetic nephropathy in terms of serum lipid profile and kidney oxidative markers
  • . Studies suggest that a diet that includes regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (rich in polyphenols such as catechins, resveratrol, ellagic acid, naringenin, quercetin etc.) significantly lowers the risk of developing many cancers.
  • Black tea polyphenols like EGCG, theaflavins and thearubigins have potent anticancer properties
  • Anti-carcinogenic effects of resveratrol are due to the antioxidant function, which inhibits hydroperoxidase, Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, matrix metalloprotease-9, NF-kB, protein kinase C, cyclooxygenase, focal adhesion kinase and Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) biomarkers/enzymes (Athar et al., 2007)
  • Increased OS may lead to the vulnerability of the infection and also triggers the malfunctioning of cellular metabolism
  • Resveratrol shows its anti-rheumatoid arthritis properties with reduced RA patients’ swelling, tenderness, and disease activity by lowering the biochemical indicators of inflammation like MMP-3, IL-6, ESR, C-reactive protein, and undercarboxylated osteocalcin
  • katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
     
    A good overview about polyphenols.
Sean Nash

Learning in Plants: Lessons from Mimosa pudica - 4 views

www.frontiersin.org/...full

Mimosa learning plants botany research SCI-I science student lab potential research idea biology HSR HSR-2023

shared by Sean Nash on 23 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • there is a lack of observational data on the behavior of plants
  • Observational research allows the researcher to establish baseline activity and response levels of the subject
  • Perhaps the first study of learning in plants was a habituation experiment reported by Pfeffer (1873) using the sensitive plant Mimosa. In this experiment, repeated mechanical stimulation of leaflets led to a decrease in sensitivity
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • the question naturally arises as to whether Mimosa can discriminate between stimuli. This was answered in the affirmative by Holmes and Gruenberg (1965) whose experimental design included a drop of water and finger touch as stimuli
  • the results suggest that Mimosa can discriminate between stimuli
  • Thomas performed an experiment on classical conditioning in Mimosa that took advantage of the finding that, under field conditions, the leaflets of Mimosa slowly drop as dusk approaches and slowly rise at dawn (personal communication). In the experiment, the CS was turning on the light in the growth chamber and the US was touching selected leaflets. Thomas found that leaflets in the paired condition showed conditioning compared to a light only or alternating stimulation condition. This finding should be replicated with controls for pseudoconditioning.
  • Given the importance of the Gagliano et al. (2014) experiment and the failure to replicate some previous experimental results it is critical that the Gagliano et al. (2014) results be repeated by an independent laboratory.
  • In addition to Mimosa, habituation has been found in the carnivorous plant Drosera (sundew
  • Applewhite (1975) cites an experiment by Darwin reportedly showing habituation in the passion flower (Passiflora gracilis). During this experiment, when Darwin mechanically stimulated the passion flower tendrils, the tendrils no longer responded after 54 h of training.
  • Abramson et al. (2002) investigated the use of bioelectrical potentials as a method to explore plant behavior.
  • In an interesting article, Karpinski and Szechynska-Hebda (2010) discuss the intellect of plants from memory to intelligence. By studying recall, the researcher investigates a host of independent variables and that are solidly anchored to a set of dependent variables. This study focused on recall at the cellular level rather than as an externally observable behavior. The discussion of plant learning at various levels, from cellular to organismal and from different scientific fields is exactly what is advocated for in this article
  • There is also interest from behavioral scientists seeking to determine whether the similarities and differences in learning found among invertebrates and vertebrates could also be found in plants (Warden et al., 1940; Applewhite, 1975; Abramson et al., 2002; Guiguet, 2013).
  • The majority of early plant studies used the Sensitive plant (M. pudica). Mimosa has much to recommend it for learning studies. They are easy to maintain, much is known about its natural history, and they have a visible leaf closure response to external stimuli. However, there are drawbacks in the use of Mimosa, for example, it takes about 15 min for a leaf to recover (Holmes and Gruenberg, 1965) and not much is known about its genome in contrast to model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana whose entire genome is known.
  • In the following section we will focus on methods to develop studies utilizing habituation, sensitization, and classical conditioning techniques. Instrumental and operant conditioning will not be covered because at this time there are no Mimosa studies in these areas; although one can envision a situation where the opening and closing of a leaf can be detected electronically. Once detected, the response would produce a consequence such as an airpuff or changes in light intensity.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 23 Jun 23
       
      The remainder of this comprehensive article is to outline the main lines of research in this area:
  • Learning in Plants: Lessons from Mimosa pudica
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 23 Jun 23
       
      This well-compiled article does a really nice job of outlining the history of study regarding plant behavior. It also suggests model organisms for study. Mimosa is a favorite of mine as their response is VERY rapid and quite visible for a plant! There are all sorts of feasible project ideas that could arise from this area of research.
katherine-medina

IJMS | Free Full-Text | The Combination of Catechin and Epicatechin Gallate f... - 1 views

www.mdpi.com/1802

polyphenol catechin Research-idea HSR-2023 MRSA antibiotics

shared by katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • efflux
  • efflux pumps
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      Wow, so MRSA can literally pump out antibiotics.
  • The advantage of the agents is that there is little or no direct selective pressure, and thus resistant strains are less likely to emerge
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • The extracts and compounds from hawthorn have been reported to show a variety of pharmacological activities, such as a protective effect on patients with heart failure [17], as well as an increased force of myocardial contraction [18], improved coronary circulation [19], antioxidant effects [20] and antimicrobial activities [21].
  • Baicalin [8], diterpenes [9], tellimagrandin I [10], corilagin [11], tripeptide [12], epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) [13] and epicatechin gallat
  • Figure 1
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      I could do something similar to this in a Petree dish like the photo above.
  • For example, galloy catechins, such as ECg and Cg, reduced the high MIC level of β-lactams to the antibiotic breakpoint or even lower than the breakpoint [14,15,26,27], but non-galloylated catechins, such as C and EC, had no such effect
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      use galloy catechins
  • WHO-2 but ECg (32 mg/L) increased the drug accumulation
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      So, at this specific concentration ECg helped with increasing the amount of antibiotic, but not necessarily assisting the ability of the antibiotic to do damage.
  • C or ECg (32 mg/L) in combination with oxacillin produced FICIs of more than 0.5 or 0.5, demonstrating no or very weak ILSMR effect.
  • via inhibiting mRNA expression of efflux pump genes,
  • In traditional Chinese medicine, hawthorn is used as a peptic agent for stimulating digestion and promoting the function of the stomach, improving blood circulation and removing blood stasis
  • Some natural products can enhance the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics, and therefore they are termed intensifiers of β-lactam susceptibility in MRSA
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      I would like to look into using antibiotics that are currently available to the public, and trying to enhance their ability to fight bacteria through the use of certain polyphenols or some other type of natural product.
  • We also found that when C combined with ECg, the ILSMR effect was markedly increased and the ILSMR effect of the combination (C and ECg) was enhanced with the increase in the concentration of C, with a higher concentration of C resulting in a lower FICI.
  • Overall, the different abilities of C and EGC to potentiate the ILSMR effect of ECg was presumed to be due to the difference in steric hindrance provided by the hydroxy groups in the B ring of these compounds.
  • Our results showed that C in combination with ECg could significantly reduce the MIC of these six antibiotics against almost all of the clinical MRSA strains
  • These results are significant since they demonstrate the possibility that these antibiotics can be used in the clinic when combined with C and ECg.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      I wonder if they have started implementing this in hospitals.
  • Herein, our results showed that reserpine down-regulated mRNA expressions of norA and norC, but not abcA, and C, in combination with ECg, down-regulated mRNA expressions of norA, norC and abcA among eight efflux pumps, while ECg or C alone could not.
  • he above results suggested the ILSMR effect of C and ECg was probably related to the inhibition of three pumps’ mRNA expressions. Which pump(s) played a more important role should be further investigated in the future experiments.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      Interesting
  • . Therefore, a criterion suitable for more than two compounds should be investigated in the future.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
       
      I think that this will be a useful article to go back to when looking towards developing further ideas for experiments.
  • Sh
  • katherine-medina on 24 Jun 23
     
    An article discussing the affects of combining polyphenols with antibiotics in order to fight against MRSA.
katherine-medina

Effects of experimental increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 on feather growth rate... - 0 views

journals.biologists.com/...ental-increase-in-insulin-like

birds biology HSR2023 insulin plumage feathers molt

shared by katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • In mammals, IGF-1 also induces the proliferation of hair follicles and inhibits apoptosis, and therefore helps to keep them longer in the active (so-called anagen) phase and delay their transition to the regressive (catagen) phase
  • while a recently published study indicated a positive relationship between plumage quality, feather vane length and IGF-1 in a passerine species
  • Detailed quantification of the moulting stage was achieved by scoring the moult of the primary wing feathers and tail feathers on a scale of 0–5, using the standard protocol for recording the progress of feather growth as suggested by the British Trust for Ornithology and further described in
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      I had no idea one could predict when a bird will molt.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • As a result, 2 weeks after treatment, IGF-1-treated birds were in a more advanced stage of moult than controls
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Interesting
  • In the longer term, IGF-1 treatment altered the intensity of moult: 2 weeks after treatment, control birds were moulting fewer feathers than at the start of the experiment, while IGF-1-treated birds showed the opposite pattern and increased the number of feathers being moulted simultaneously, albeit with substantial individual variation
  • We manipulated IGF-1 levels using an injection of poly-(lactic-co-glycolid acid) (PLGA) microspheres prepared by S.V.-K. and B.A.G. as described previousl
  • For example, stressors may cause a decrease in circulating IGF-1 levels (Tóth et al., 2018), and it may not be beneficial if that would affect the growth rate or the size of the developing flight feathers.
  • The fact that the growth of the tail feathers was also unaffected by the manipulation is more surprising as they are sexually selected ornaments in this species
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Wow, I wonder why it had no effect on the growth of the tail feathers.
  • espite the robust lack of effect on feather growth speed, IGF-1 treatment maintained or even increased the number of feathers moulted simultaneously within 2 weeks, while the number of simultaneously growing feathers dropped in controls within the same period
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Cool
  • In contrast to hair, the number of feather follicles that produce wing and tail feathers is small and shows no variation within species
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      I had no idea.
  • Some species, however, moult several wing and tail feathers simultaneously, which also applies to the bearded reedling
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Why do some species of birds molt more feathers at the same time than others.
  • . Protein synthesis in tissues, for example, is partly promoted by and regulated through IGF-1 and this might also be of importance during the growth of feathers, in particular considering the increased demand for proteins during moulting
  • The interaction of corticosterone and IGF-1 has been suggested to predict fitness in growing songbirds (Lodjak et al., 2016). Corticosterone levels are known to have a seriously detrimental effect on growing feathers
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      How does corticosterone and IGF-1 interact?
  • katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
     
    A study about the effect of insulin on the growth of feathers.
ryleighnyp

Electrical grounding technique may improve health outcomes of NICU babies -- ScienceDaily - 2 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...170803120627.htm

HSR HSR-2023 potential research idea

shared by ryleighnyp on 07 Jun 23 - No Cached
Sean Nash liked it
  • "What we can conclude is that a baby's autonomic nervous system is able to sense the electrical environment and it seems as though a baby is more relaxed when grounded,"
  • redesigning incubators to ground babies and cancel out the electrical field
  • ryleighnyp on 07 Jun 23
     
    I think a possible research idea could be redesigning NICU incubators to allow for less electromagnet interference with the babies with the use of grounding.
  • Sean Nash on 07 Jun 23
     
    Interesting, for sure. Two things... the actual measurements they made on children (skin tests, etc.) are a no-go for us. I'm not sure what our model system could be for checking the electrical outputs of whatever design changes were made. We would need to know a lot more about the current setup in NICUs. There is no doubt a lot of design in how things are currently set up. Essentially: why things are set up the way they are right now? You would have to know every variable currently considered, and then look for spots where simple changes can be made. Second thing: go back to the ISEF categories in Engineering and check out how those projects look at the national level. Just go get a feel. Engineering is a bit different from typical "hypothesis testing" seen in most natural sciences. Very cool, but different. Give it a look.
katherine-medina

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Exchange with Artificial CSF Enriched with Mesenchymal Stem C... - 2 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6480705

CSF-experiments mice stem-cells potential research idea HSR-2023

shared by katherine-medina on 29 May 23 - No Cached
  • Moreover, toxicity of the CSF from patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases has been reported
  • Moreover, toxicity of the CSF from patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases has been reported
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      Good to note.
  • A beneficial effect was also demonstrated under Aβ neurotoxicity in PC12 cells
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • n humans, it was reported that filtration of the CSF was beneficial in Guillain-Barré syndrome [
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      interesting that filtering the liquid can help people.
  • . MSCs produce a variety of neurogenic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory agents [15,16,17,18,19,20,21], and have been shown to induce beneficial effects when transplanted in EAE-mice [22,23,24,25], stroke [26,27], traumatic brain injury [28], Parkinson’s disease [29], schizophrenia, and autism [30,31] as well as increased neurogenesis in adult mice
  • Moreover, no studies using biologically enriched-aCSF for exchanging the CSF have been published.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      That makes me want to search hard for studies that do involve the transfer, however I would have to figure out a way to create an experiment around this base idea of artificial CSF.
  • Artifical cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) enriched with secretions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increases cell viability of PC12 and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines
  • While secretions of 2 days growing 10 or 100 K/mL MSCs in aCSF did not show an increase in PC12 cell viability
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      HMMM.... that is utterly fascinating the fact that after 2 days there seemed to be no change amongst the cell viability for both the 10 and 100 ml aCSF.
  • etions of 5 days growing MSCs in aCSF did show a significant increase in the PC12 cell viability relative to unenriched-aCSF treated cells
  • The principle of CSF exchange is similar to plasma exchange by plasmapheresis, which is in use for the treatment of autoimmune disorders
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      Did not know that it was similar to plasmapheresis.
  • a significant increase in cell viability was noticed in the enriched-aCSF (
  • A similar trend of increased cell viability by enriched-aCSF treatment was noticed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2, but without reaching a statistical significance
  • while cell viability was reduced under Aβ, a significant increase in cell viability was noted in the enriched-aCSF treated cells
  • significantly suppressed in spleen lymphocytes treated with the enriched-aCSF compared to lymphocytes treated with (unenriched-) aCSF
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      This limiting of the lymphocytes is most likely a good thing under the guise of this paper because the suppression of lymphocytes likely helps with certain autoimmune disorders.
  • These results show that the “in/out” enriched-aCSF therapy was the most effective one, affecting both time of onset (EAE-control mice develop the disease at day 10 while the treated mice at day 14 post induction) and disease progression
  • Prolonged amelioration of EAE clinical symptoms during prolonged CSF exchange therapy: (in/out) enriched-aCSF protocol was more effective than (in) enriched-aCSF and (in/out) aCSF.
  • A trend of less demyelination in the LFB staining in the (in/out) enriched-aCSF treated- mice relative to the EAE-control mic
  • Our results show that elimination of endogenous CSF, and its replacement with MSC secretions enriched-aCSF ((in/out)-enriched-aCSF), delayed EAE onset and reduced the clinical score with indications of reduced axonal damage and demyelination.
  • in vitro and in vivo, has shown that MSCs can promote survival and axonal myelination in sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons and may be effective in non-inflammatory models of demyelination [
  • MSCs transplantation alone has been applied and tested with strong indications of beneficial effects in animal models of MS [22,23,24,25], stroke [26,27], traumatic brain injury [28], PD [29], schizophrenia, and autism
  • showing that local (intraventricular) transplantation of MSCs is more effective than intravenous administration
  • The feasibility of CSF exchange therapy reported here in the EAE model might possibly be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS.
  • our approach of CSF exchange therapy could be beneficial for fully developed neurological diseases through a repeated application of the proposed CSF exchange protocol
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      A good thing to recognize and note for future reference.
  • 5. Conclusions
  • katherine-medina on 29 May 23
     
    This is a more recent study about the effects of artificial CSF infused with MSC in mice.
Xander Kleiber

Energy-efficient computing | MIT Energy Initiative - 2 views

energy.mit.edu/...energy-efficient-computing

potential research idea computer science engineering HSR HSR-2023

shared by Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23 - No Cached
Sean Nash liked it
  • 1’s are literally thrown away, and that wasted energy is dissipated as heat.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      In logic gates specifically, because there are cases where a 1 goes in and a 0 can come out, that 1 (directly represented by electrical voltage) gets wasted in the computation and is released as heat.
  • the inputs are 1-0 and 0-1, and the output is 1-0. That setup is wasteful: An incoming 1 is lost during the computation. The researchers solve that problem by retaining the extra inputs as “garbage bits” that carry useless information (see the bottom example). The 1-0 order doesn’t matter, but now the number of 1’s is preserved after the computation.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      Seems like a great way to solve the issue. However, I don't see anywhere else in the article any sort of actual circuit design/implementation of said solution...
  • On the energy front, the goal is to conserve all information—not just the 1’s but the 0’s as well. Their approach is based on “reversible computing,” an idea first proposed in the 1970s.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      Expanded upon later.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • “If you can play everything backwards, then no energy has escaped during your computation,” says Demaine.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      So in reversible computing, if an algorithm can be reversed, that means no information (and therefore no 1's, or measures of voltage) are wasted, resulting in an even lower production of waste.
  • Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
     
    Overall, this seems like a decent course of study. After all, mentioned throughout the article is something called "Landauer's limit," which is a limit to the efficiency of computing devices using the current, wasteful methods. Also mentioned briefly in the article is that we are continually getting much closer to this limit. This makes it a timely issue, along with the fact that not many people have elaborated on its implications or tried implementing it.
  • Sean Nash on 06 Jun 23
     
    This is really interesting... though I'm sure I would benefit from a back-and-forth conversation to make sure I'm understanding what I think I am.
Sean Nash

Race car drivers tend to blink at the same places in each lap - 4 views

www.sciencenews.org/...ula-one-race-car-drivers-blink

ArduinoScienceJournal app driving blinking vision research potential research idea biology engineering HSR HSR-2023 science statistical analysis car auto safety civilengineering blink

shared by Sean Nash on 25 May 23 - No Cached
izzy kelly liked it
  • The world goes dark for about one-fifth of a second every time you blink, a fraction of an instant that’s hardly noticeable to most people. But for a Formula One race car driver traveling up to 354 kilometers per hour, that one-fifth means almost 20 meters of lost vision
  • People are often thought to blink at random intervals, but researchers found that wasn’t the case for three Formula drivers.
  • the drivers tended to blink at the same parts of the course during each lap, cognitive neuroscientist Ryota Nishizono and colleagues report in the May 19 iScience
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      Interesting. So, do we do the same thing while driving around town? Could you design a method to record eye blinks as people drive known routes around town? We could simultaneously use the Arduino Science Journal app on the iPhone to also correlate physical data in a moving car like acceleration/deceleration, motion in X, Y, Z directions, etc. I wonder if we could find a correlation in everyday driving that could help from a safety perspective?
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • He was surprised to find almost no literature on blinking behavior in active humans even though under extreme conditions like motor racing or cycling
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      OK, now this SCREAMS: "potential research idea."
  • Nishizono and colleagues mounted eye trackers on the helmets of three drivers and had them drive three Formula circuits
  • Where the drivers blinked was surprisingly predictable, the team found. The drivers had a shared pattern of blinking that had a strong connection with acceleration, such that drivers tended not to blink while changing speed or direction — like while on a curve in the track — but did blink while on relatively safer straightaways.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      What sort of implications does this have for driving in key, known, busy interchanges in KC? Could we potentially provide data to show certain stretches of highway need more signage, etc? That could have civil engineering implications.
  • “We think of blinking as this nothing behavior,” he says, “but it’s not just wiping the eyes. Blinking is a part of our visual system.”
  • Nishizono next wants to explore what processes in the brain allow or inhibit blinking in a given moment, he says, and is also interested in how blinking behavior varies among the general population.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      While the "brain" part might move beyond our feasibility, the potential of finding real correlations to driving patterns or routes is a completely different spin-off and one that could have really practical suggestive applications for city planners, etc.
ryleighnyp

Watch ticks fly through the air via the power of static electricity | Science | AAAS - 1 views

www.science.org/...h-air-power-static-electricity

potential research idea HSR HSR-2023

shared by ryleighnyp on 26 Jul 23 - No Cached
    • ryleighnyp
      ryleighnyp on 26 Jul 23
       
      It would be fascinating to find something that could prevent that static electricity, especially on pets. I feel like there are lots of possibilities with this.
Sean Nash

Red algae reduces methane emissions from cow poop - 1 views

www.sciencenews.org/...mate-warming-methane-red-algae

potential research idea biology engineering environmental science HSR HSR-2023 algae methane climatechange

shared by Sean Nash on 04 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • Adding the algae to decomposing feces might reduce methane emission from cow agriculture
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 04 Aug 23
       
      Here's a bit of an engineering problem..... but one with a biological/ecological frame. The article presents promise, but many challenges. Could you imagine a way to sidestep any of the challenges presented here? What other ways could the methane production issue be strategically mitigated?
ryleighnyp

Circadian clocks: Body parts respond to day and night independently from brain, studies... - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...190530141443.htm

HSR-2023 biology potential research idea

shared by ryleighnyp on 07 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • disable the entire circadian system of the mice
  • jump-start individual clocks
  • "No one realized that the liver or skin could be so directly affected by light."
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • despite the shutdown of all other body clocks, including the central brain clock, the liver knew what time it was, responded to light changes as day shifted to night and maintained critical functions, such as preparing to digest food at mealtime and converting glucose to energy.
  • it's easy for people's circadian systems to get confused, he said. In turn, that can lead to depression, allergies, premature aging, cancer and other health problems. Further mice experiments could uncover ways to make human internal clocks "less misaligned,"
ryleighnyp

Dissemination of circulating tumor cells at night: role of sleep or circadian rhythm? |... - 1 views

genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/...s13059-022-02791-y

HSR-2023 potential research idea biology

shared by ryleighnyp on 07 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • metastasis
    • ryleighnyp
      ryleighnyp on 07 Aug 23
       
      spread of cancer cells from the primary site to other parts of the body (Copilot)
  • levels of CTCs increased at night in humans with breast cancer and mouse models of breast cancer and that CTCs in the rest-phase are more likely to metastasize
  • Cancer cells spread aggressively during the resting phase; however, whether this process occurs during sleep phases, non-rapid eye movement (NREM), or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep remains to be explored.
katherine-medina

(34) Water, Cells, and Life | Dr. Gerald Pollack | TEDxNewYorkSalon - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

water electricity Research-idea HSR-2023

shared by katherine-medina on 18 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • katherine-medina on 18 Aug 23
     
    Looking at the basics of how water works
Sean Nash

Taurine slows aging in mice. Will it ever work for people? - 1 views

www.sciencenews.org/...slows-aging-mice-energy-drinks

potential research idea research biology chemistry science HSR HSR-2023 aging mice SCI-I people

shared by Sean Nash on 15 Jun 23 - No Cached
ryleighnyp liked it
  • Sean Nash on 15 Jun 23
     
    Interesting bit on the potential benefits of taurine in the diet. Don't rush out and start an energy drink habit, but if you've had one, you likely know the unique taste of this chemical. There are a ton of things mentioned in this short article. Perhaps dig into what we already know about biochemical pathways of taurine...
Gannon Suarez

Physicists build circuit that generates clean, limitless power from graphene: Researche... - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...201002091029.htm

engineering potential research idea

shared by Gannon Suarez on 23 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • Gannon Suarez on 23 Jul 23
     
    ""An energy-harvesting circuit based on graphene could be incorporated into a chip to provide clean, limitless, low-voltage power for small devices or sensors," said Paul Thibado, professor of physics and lead researcher in the discovery."
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