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katherine-medina

The Efficacy of Dandelion Root Extract in Inducing Apoptosis in Drug-Resistant Human Me... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3018636

Dandelions Cancer-fighting botany HSR-2023 potential research idea Melanoma

shared by katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23 - No Cached
Sean Nash liked it
  • 2. Materials and Methods
  • 2. Materials and Methods
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      If I plan on doing some sort of experiment with Dandelion root, I will likely need to come back and look at how this study did it.
  • After a long exposure of 96 hours, NHFs did not exhibit any reduction in cell viability
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      Wow, so even after 3 days the Dandelion Root did nothing to the NHF aka. normal human cells.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • With DRE having proven its efficacy in successfully killing this aggressive, chemoresistant form of skin cancer, DRE toxicity on normal cells had to be evaluated
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      Always remember to hav e a control.
  • DRE was found to reduce cell viability in a dose-dependent fashion, over time, in A375 melanoma cells as was measured by WST-1 assay. Based on metabolic activity of A375s, it was confirmed that treatment at 2.5 mg/mL DRE resulted in ~50% reduction in cell viability against control within 24 hours (Figure 1(a))
  • Higher doses were then used and a response was observed at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      For different types of melanoma a different amount of DRE is needed.
  • Typical apoptotic morphology was observed in G361 cells treated with DRE starting at 5 mg/mL concentrations for 72 hours
  • . However, there has been little scientific advancement made in this field with regard to the effect of dandelion root extract on cancer, and even more so on chemoresistant, human malignant melanoma skin cancer.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      I do so love it when the author identifies the fact that there is so few research papers about DRE.
  • ) is more than a worthy chemopreventative, it is fast-acting, nontoxic, and therefore specific in its targeting of human melanoma cancer cells, making it a valuable chemotherapeutic. We have investigated the induction of apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells and observed its long-term effects in human melanoma cancer.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      alrighty then.
  • We are yet to determine the effect of each of the individual components (such as the family of triterpene alcohols and phenolic acids—found in the roots—and cinnamic acids, flavinoids and coumarins—that are found in the leaves
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      Maybe I could look into the specific component that kills the cancer, so that in future years after I had figured this out I could put it into practice.
  • Given that DRE has traditionally been used naturopathically for a variety of ailments, we assume that it would be relatively nontoxic to healthy cells. Our results show that the Normal Human Fibroblasts (NHFs) (which were treated at a low population doubling where NHFs have the best proliferation rate) and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells remained unaffected and healthy after a 96-hour and 48- hour exposure to DRE, respectively (Figures 2(a)–2(d)).
  • Lupeol,
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      What is Lupeol. (I should probably look into that.)
  • taraxasterol
  • More importantly, an increase in ROS production indicates prooxidant behaviour of DRE on cancer cell mitochondria, which is contrary to the antioxidant convictions of traditional medicine and previous studies on Taraxacum extracts citing reductions in NO, ROS, RNS, and COX-2 [10, 11] in mouse macrophages.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      That is very important and interesting.
  • There are two main points that must be stated here: firstly, that noncancerous cells are unaffected by DRE treatment, and secondly, melanoma cells retain the signals to commit suicide long after DRE has been removed from the system
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
       
      Good to restate.
  • Metformin acts as a metabolism interfering compound that debilitates cancer cells, and the case of G361-resistant melanoma cells, combining DRE with metformin reduces cell viability at even lower doses (Figures 9(a) and 9(b)).
  • By 48 hours, human melanoma A375 cells uncharacteristically showed susceptibility to apoptosis induction by DRE
  • We believe that this nontoxic extract can undergo precipitous translation from bench top to bedside, with dandelion products that are already commercially available in the form of tea and supplements.
  • katherine-medina on 07 Jun 23
     
    Essentially it is an article that figured out that DRE can induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, and it also proved that DRE is non-toxic to normal human cells.
katherine-medina

The-ethics-of-experimenting-with-human-brain-tissue.pdf - 0 views

law.stanford.edu/...ng-with-human-brain-tissue.pdf

brain chimera stem-cells growing-brains HSR2023

shared by katherine-medina on 02 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • katherine-medina on 02 Aug 23
     
    A study that raises interesting questions on the ethics of growing human brain tissue.
katherine-medina

Frontiers | Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseas... - 1 views

www.frontiersin.org/...full

polyphenol cancer-fighting Research-idea HSR-2023 tea botany plantss

shared by katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, tannins, lignans, stilbenes and anthocyanidins
  • They possess antioxidant, chemopreventive and a wide range of pharmacological properties (
  • Over 8,000 polyphenols have been reported from plants, out of several hundreds of polyphenols exist in human diets
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Organic compounds bearing an aromatic ring with at least one hydroxyl group are termed as “phenolics”. In case, a compound possesses one or more aromatic rings having more than one hydroxyl group are called polyphenols (or polyphenolic compounds).
  • As per the C1-C6 or C3-C6 backbone, they are usually referred to as derivatives of benzoic acid or cinnamic acid
  • However, the role of the dietary polyphenols of their antioxidant abilities is still unclear.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      How exactly is the role of antioxidants unclear?
  • Increased intake of foods containing polyphenols (for example, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, cyanidin etc.) has been claimed to lower the incidence of a majority of chronic oxidative cellular damage, DNA damage, tissue inflammations, various cancers, viral/bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      So an increase of foods with natural extracts, so just plain vegetables that are not processed.
  • γ rays
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      I had no idea these were a thing.
  • This review specifically focuses a current understanding on the dietary sources of polyphenols and their protective effects including mechanisms of action against various major human diseases.
  • ROS when increased or excessively produced can cause oxidative changes/damages to all cellular macromolecules
  • Several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) aid in the removal of free radicals
  • Peroxynitrite can also destroy lipoproteins and causes lipid peroxidation of cell membranes
  • ROS can also affect protein synthesis and protein functions. Protein oxidation can result in amino acid modifications
  • Flavonoids are further classified into different subgroups based on their structures such as flavan-3-ols (examples: catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin), isoflavones (examples: genistein, genistin, daidzenin, daidzin, biochanin A, formononetin), flavones (examples: luteolin, apigenin, chrysin), flavonones (examples: hesperetin, naringenin), flavonols (examples: quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, fisetin, myricetin), flavononol (example: taxifolin), flavylium salts (examples: cyanidin, cyanin, pelargonidin), and flavanones (examples: hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, isosakuranetin)
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      WOW so flavonoids have a large variety and classes.
  • urther, OS exerts deleterious effects on DNA leading to the formation of DNA lesions, which can result in genomic instability and consequently lead to cell death.
  • Polyphenols are found naturally in fruits and vegetables such as cereals, pulses, dried legumes, spinach, tomatoes, beans, nuts, peppermint, cinnamon, pears, cherries, oranges, apples, red wine, tea, cocoa, coffee and so on (Arts and Hollman, 2005; Scalbert et al., 2005). Polyphenols are classified into different groups depending on the number of aromatic (phenolic) rings they contain and the structural elements that connect these rings. They are broadly grouped into phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and lignans
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      SO each polyphenol has a different number of phenolic rings. What is the difference between the different polyphenols such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, stilbenes and lignans. I think that I should look at which of these groups are more effective when working with antibiotics as a way to aid them in the fight against resistant bacterias.
  • In plant derived polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids comprise the largest group with an approximately 10,000 natural analogues
  • Dietary supplements containing elevated amounts of flavonoids from strawberries, lettuce, or blueberries aid in the reversal of age-related discrepancies in the brain and behavioral control in aged rats
  • Tea catechins
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
       
      I ha e looked into these a bit, but I did not know that they can help with neurodegenerative diseases.
  • reduced glutathione (GSH), and on membrane sulphydryl (-SH) group in humans has been reported by Maurya and Rizvi (2009).
  • OS can be the primary or secondary reason for various CVDs. Preclinical evidence support that OS is linked to a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemia, stroke, cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertension, as well as congestive heart failure
  • Dietary flavonoids may reduce endothelial disorders linked with various risk factors for atherosclerosis before plaque creation
  • The polyphenols of Hibiscus sabdariffa weaken diabetic nephropathy in terms of serum lipid profile and kidney oxidative markers
  • . Studies suggest that a diet that includes regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (rich in polyphenols such as catechins, resveratrol, ellagic acid, naringenin, quercetin etc.) significantly lowers the risk of developing many cancers.
  • Black tea polyphenols like EGCG, theaflavins and thearubigins have potent anticancer properties
  • Anti-carcinogenic effects of resveratrol are due to the antioxidant function, which inhibits hydroperoxidase, Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, matrix metalloprotease-9, NF-kB, protein kinase C, cyclooxygenase, focal adhesion kinase and Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) biomarkers/enzymes (Athar et al., 2007)
  • Increased OS may lead to the vulnerability of the infection and also triggers the malfunctioning of cellular metabolism
  • Resveratrol shows its anti-rheumatoid arthritis properties with reduced RA patients’ swelling, tenderness, and disease activity by lowering the biochemical indicators of inflammation like MMP-3, IL-6, ESR, C-reactive protein, and undercarboxylated osteocalcin
  • katherine-medina on 26 Jun 23
     
    A good overview about polyphenols.
Isabella Tungjaroenkul

The new human pangenome could help unveil the biology of everyone - 0 views

www.sciencenews.org/...angenome-biology-dna-diversity

HSR HSR-2023 biology DNA RNA pangenome

shared by Isabella Tungjaroenkul on 13 Jun 23 - No Cached
Sean Nash liked it
  • Being able to assess where some people have extra DNA and others are missing DNA, called structural variants, adds a more nuanced view of human genetics, O’Connor says, revealing more of its complexity (SN: 4/10/09).
  • Conversely, another study found that the very short arms of certain chromosomes, including chromosomes 13, 14 and 21, are becoming more like each other as they swap DNA.
Sean Nash

Health Effects from Swimming Training in Chlorinated Pools and the Corresponding Metabo... - 4 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4351252

swimming chlorine mice-experimenting HSR2023 blood liver pools

shared by Sean Nash on 13 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • Numerous epidemiological publications have associated the chlorination of pools with dysfunctions of the respiratory system and with some other diseases
  • Therefore, the health effects from swimming in chlorinated pools and the corresponding stress reactions in organisms are unclear. In this study, we show that although the growth and behaviors of experimental rats were not affected, their health, training effects and metabolic profiles were significantly affected by a 12-week swimming training program in chlorinated water identical to that of public pools.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      This may prove to be a concerning fact that myself and others on the swim team swim rather consistently.
  • The epidemiological evidence for adverse health effects from swimming in chlorinated water primarily originate from studies concerning respiratory function and asthma, althoughVillanueva et al. reported a significant increased risk of bladder cancer for swimmers compared with nonswimmers [5].
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      Kinda scary to think about the fact that swimming could be hurting my lungs.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 13 Jul 23
       
      OK... this is all a very rare and interesting topic to me. I've never considered it. Of course, in thinking a bout this as a HS research topic, the fact that it centers around humans... is a feasibility issue. However, what sort of invertebrate models could we use in place? Would we be able to detect DBPs?
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Interestingly, the eyes and skin are the organs that are more directly affected than the lungs by the irritants in chlorinated water; instead of chlorination, training intensity, training frequency and choking on water may be the primary factors for lung damage induced by swimming.
  • he water for the EG was purified using a water purifier and then disinfected using calcium hypochlorite, similar to public swimming pools, whereas the water for the CG was only purified, not chlorinate
  • Therefore, the health effects from swimming in chlorinated pools and the corresponding stress reactions occurring in our bodies are unclear
  • In fact, similar symptoms, red and swollen eyes, dried skin and nasal mucosal congestion, always appear after humans swim in a chlorinated pool; however, the long-term (12 weeks) and high-frequency (5 days a week) of the experimental swimming training caused even worse symptoms in these experimental rats.
  • however, some unusual appearance changes appeared in the EG rats.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      EG rats had the exposure of a public level of chlorine.
  • First, the skin around their eyes became increasingly red with the development of the experiment, and in the ending period of the experiment, bloodstains could be observed in the rims of most rats’ eyes.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      Wow.
  • Third, their fur became increasingly dry and lackluster, and significant signs of hair loss were observed during the last month.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      This doesn't sound good.
  • These results indicated that the fur, respiratory tracts and eyes of the EG rats were severely affected by chlorinated water, although their growth was essentially unaffected. According to our observations, the daily behaviors and sizes of the EG rats were normal, and their final body weights were even slightly heavier than those weights of the control group. Nevertheless, dried and lackluster fur, hair removal, bloody noses and eyes did occur in the EG rats and not to the CG rats.
  • A meta-analysis performed by Goodman et al. demonstrated that the association between asthma and swimming could only be confirmed among competitive swimmers and could not be confirmed among non-competitive swimmers
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      SO competitive swimmers are the ones with an association of asthma and pool water.
  • Additionally, an interesting phenomenon was observed by comparing the development of the bloody noses and bloody eyes. The bloody noses commonly appeared in the third and in the fourth week; however, approximately two weeks later, this symptom gradually disappeared. The significantly bloody eyes commonly appeared in the ending period of the experiment; however, this problem was becoming worse during the study, and no signs of improvement appeared. The bloody noses appeared first, suggesting that respiratory tracts may be more vulnerable to the irritants from the chlorinated water than eyes; the gradually disappearing symptom suggests that respiratory tracts may have some adaptability to chlorinated water possibly because of the protection from nasal mucous. In contrast, without the mucosal protection, the bloody eyes were becoming increasingly significant during the entire experiment, although this symptom appeared later than the bloody noses.
  • Hippurate is an inhibitor of glucose utilization in the muscle and in the kidneys, an inhibitor of glucose utilization in the kidneys and in the liver, a modulator of fatty acid metabolism, and a stimulator of ammoniagenesis
  • Three rats from the EG were found liver damage, indicating that the positive rate reached 18 percen
  • or instance, Tumasonis et al. reported that a significantly increased incidence of hepatic neoplastic nodules in female rats and a significantly increased incidence of hepatic adenofibrosis in both male and female rats were induced by the chronic ingestion of chloroform [15].
  • Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E, 400×) of liver sections.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      The liver literally changed between the two groups.
  • . We suppose that the primary differences between the competitive swimmers and non-competitive swimmers are training intensity and frequency, not the pool water.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      An interesting theory, but I wonder if it has been proved.
  • The first three principal components (PCs) explain 57.3% of the total variance of the raw data and are sufficient to present the differences between the EG and the CG
  • In Fig. 3, we can see that the majority of the differences between the EG and the CG are explained by PC 1 and PC 3.
  • which suggests that the 12-week swimming training in chlorinated water induced a significant change in the metabolic profiles of the experimental group rats.
  • As an antioxidant, taurine can directly scavenge hypochlorous acid (HClO) and prevents changes in membrane permeability due to oxidative impairment
  • The duration period from the entry into water until the rats reached exhaustion was significantly shorter for the EG rats compared with the CG rats (29.74±11.50 vs. 39.15±9.85 minutes, p<0.05)
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      Rats in chlorine swam ten minutes less on average.
  • Chlorine is a necessary element for our bodies, and nontoxic.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
       
      I did not know that.
  • In summary, the 12-week swimming training in chlorinated pool water did induce some disease symptoms, an impairment of training effects and a significant change in the metabolic profiles, although the growth and behaviors of the experimental animals were not affected
  • Thus, the eyes and skin might be the organs that require greater attention for permanent damage.
  • Symptoms found in the liver and lung sections indicate that the liver is most likely the most possible target organ of DBPs, and training intensity, training frequency and water choking may be the primary factors for lung damage induced by swimming, instead of chlorination. The result of the swimming capacity test showed that training effects were significant affected by chlorinated water through perturbing the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • katherine-medina on 13 Jul 23
     
    A really cool article about how chlorine can affect the bodies of mice. (An article I will never be able to forget about due to it being similar to my situation.)
  • Sean Nash on 13 Jul 23
     
    A really cool article about how chlorine can affect the bodies of mice. (An article I will never be able to forget about due to it being similar to my situation.)
katherine-medina

Native language differences in the structural connectome of the human brain - ScienceDi... - 1 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1053811923001015

Language

shared by katherine-medina on 19 May 23 - No Cached
Sean Nash liked it
  • elations (Friederici, 2011; Wilson et al., 2011). In this network, BA44 dominates syntactic processing while the IFS supports the processing of syntactic dependency relations in sentences
  • Phonetic information is processed in auditory areas in both hemispheres, and suprasegmental information,
  • dominant stem plus affix word
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • In particular, left BA 44
  • und morphemes
  • This suggests that Arabic language processing is also driven by the core language systems built in the IFG, posterior temporal, and IPL regions. In addition, cross-linguistic electrophysiological comparisons of Arabic and Spanis
  • electrophysiological
  • 2.6. Statistics
  • and suggests that white matter plasticity in brain structure coincides with specific cognitive functions and processing demands of life-long use of a particular language. Thus, our findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent white matter organization and adaptation in the human brain
  • (Malik-Moraleda et al.,
  • Native speakers of Semitic languages may rely more on regions for spatial cognition in the right hemisphere
  • .4. Di
  • Additionally, social cognitive and affective processes and other non-linguistic factors may also lead to differences in the brain. In particular, cultural values such as individualism and collectivism have been shown to influence brain function.
  • katherine-medina on 19 May 23
     
    How primary languages affect the brain (Arabic & German)
  • Sean Nash on 22 May 23
     
    You will definitely want to use more than one tag when you save. Use all keywords, and be sure to click a few of the tags from the group dictionary that come up when you click to save to the HSR2023 group.
ryleighnyp

Circadian clocks: Body parts respond to day and night independently from brain, studies... - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...190530141443.htm

HSR-2023 biology potential research idea

shared by ryleighnyp on 07 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • disable the entire circadian system of the mice
  • jump-start individual clocks
  • "No one realized that the liver or skin could be so directly affected by light."
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • despite the shutdown of all other body clocks, including the central brain clock, the liver knew what time it was, responded to light changes as day shifted to night and maintained critical functions, such as preparing to digest food at mealtime and converting glucose to energy.
  • it's easy for people's circadian systems to get confused, he said. In turn, that can lead to depression, allergies, premature aging, cancer and other health problems. Further mice experiments could uncover ways to make human internal clocks "less misaligned,"
ryleighnyp

Dissemination of circulating tumor cells at night: role of sleep or circadian rhythm? |... - 1 views

genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/...s13059-022-02791-y

HSR-2023 potential research idea biology

shared by ryleighnyp on 07 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • metastasis
    • ryleighnyp
      ryleighnyp on 07 Aug 23
       
      spread of cancer cells from the primary site to other parts of the body (Copilot)
  • levels of CTCs increased at night in humans with breast cancer and mouse models of breast cancer and that CTCs in the rest-phase are more likely to metastasize
  • Cancer cells spread aggressively during the resting phase; however, whether this process occurs during sleep phases, non-rapid eye movement (NREM), or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep remains to be explored.
katherine-medina

Placebo-Controlled Clomipramine Trial for the Treatment of Feather Picking Disorder in ... - 0 views

jcore-reference.highwire.org/...261

birds plumage feathers clomipramime HSR2023 feather-plucking-treatment

shared by katherine-medina on 12 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • Three of the 11 birds improved, and side effects were rare
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 12 Jul 23
       
      Why only three birds?
  • 7 A Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erythacus) was also treated for feather picking and self-mutilation with clomipramine (4 mg/kg PO q 12 hours), which resulted in an increase in appetite and paradoxical anxiety.28 The dose was ultimately increased (9.5 mg/kg PO q 12 hours), and buspirone (0.5 mg/kg PO q 24 hours) was eventually added. Feather regrowth occurred, and feather picking was adequately controlled 3 months after the final dosage adjustment.
  • Eight of 11 birds treated with clomipramine were considered improved by 6 weeks
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 12 Jul 23
       
      Cool
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • There was no significant correlation between duration of feather picking and reduction in time spent preening from baseline to 6 weeks for the clomipraminetreated birds (r=0.314; P=0.174
  • Clomipramine-treated birds had significantly greater improvement at 6 weeks than at 3 weeks (z= −1.897; P=0.029). Of the eight clomipramine-treated birds that were improved at 6 weeks, seven of them began to improve at 3 weeks.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 12 Jul 23
       
      I do find the results of this experiment interesting as far as the variability of the experiment. It does make me think that clomipramine does not work as well as one might think.
  • One bird that received clomipramine (case no. 11) was worse at 6 weeks, according to both the caregiver and the clinician
  • Approximately 64% of birds treated with clomipramine improved, but only 36% were judged to have substantial improvement.
  • However, the shortest duration of feather picking for birds in this study was 2 months (case no. 10), and this bird’s signs were the only ones to completely resolve during the trial.
  • Self-injurious behaviors in humans, including such varied conditions as trichotillomania, skin picking,
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 12 Jul 23
       
      Maybe one of the reasons for the bird's self mutilation is due to some outside factor.
  • However, results of this trial suggest that clomipramine, at doses higher than those typically used in mammals, may be useful in the treatment regime for feather picking disease in some species of psittacine birds.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 12 Jul 23
       
      I wonder if there is any course of treatment that is similar to clomipramine, but has a higher solution rate.
  • katherine-medina on 12 Jul 23
     
    An article showing that clomipramime can help birds with feather plucking problems. (the results were a little bit over 50% of birds responded to the treatment.)
katherine-medina

Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginger in Health and Physical Activity:... - 1 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3665023

Ginger cancer-fighting HSR-2023 botany biology

shared by katherine-medina on 18 Jun 23 - No Cached
izzy kelly liked it
  • the rhizome
  • Ginger has staring potential for treating a number of ailments including degenerative disorders (arthritis and rheumatism), digestive health (indigestion, constipation and ulcer), cardiovascular disorders (atherosclerosis and hypertension), vomiting, diabetes mellitus, and cancer.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 18 Jun 23
       
      It has the potential for it, so there may not be many studies on these different things that ginger can supposedly do. So it makes me Infinitely more curious to look and see if there are other studies that actually have information about these said claims.
  • Furthermore, it has antimicrobial potential as well which can help in treating infectious diseases.[2
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • The bioactive molecules of ginger like gingerols have shown antioxidant activity in various modules
  • Inflammatory disorders such as gastritis, esophagitis, and hepatitis, which are caused not only by infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites but also by physical and chemical agents like heat, acid, cigarette smoke, and foreign bodies, are recognized as risk factors for human cancer
  • This study aimed to review the current evidence on ginger effects as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative.
  • es.[2
  • 6-Shogaol has exhibited the most potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in ginger, which can be attributed to the presence of alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone moiety
  • Furthermore, feeding ginger to rats at 1% w/w during administration of malathion
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 18 Jun 23
       
      Wow, so they fed the rats pesticides than ginger
  • so it can possibly value in treatment of Parkinson's disease.[17]
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 18 Jun 23
       
      Really cool
  • This effect was improved by a treatment with 1% dietary ginger 1 month in rats which suggest that ginger may have protective role against the ethanol induced hepatotoxicity.
  • could be useful in preventing acute liver injury
  • Habib et al. showed that ginger extract can reduce the elevated expression of NFκB and TNF-α in rats with liver cancer
  • howed that gingerols can inhibit LPS-induced COX-2 expression while shogaol containing extracts has no effect on COX-2 expression
  • Ginger and its bioactive molecules are effective in controlling the extent of colorectal, gastric, ovarian, liver, skin, breast, and prostate cancers
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 18 Jun 23
       
      Wow it can do a lot.
  • They observed that [6]-gingerol inhibits TRAIL-induced NF-κB activation by impairing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, suppresses cIAP1 expression, and increases TRAIL-induced caspase-3/7 activation
  • Inhibition of angiogenesis in the mouse skin is the mechanism of ginger for treating of skin cancer.
  • However, ginger significantly lowered blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides, and raised HDL in hyperglycemic rats, in models that are diabetic, deficient in the apolipoprotein E gene or those that have been fed a high lipid diet.
  • ethanolic extract of ginger reduced body weights and levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids in high-fat diets.
  • CONCLUSIONS
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 18 Jun 23
       
      Overall a good synopsis on what ginger can do.
katherine-medina

Restoring the activity of the antibiotic aztreonam using the polyphenol epigallocatechi... - 0 views

www.microbiologyresearch.org/...jmm.0.001060

pathogen polyphenols green-tea HSR-2023 gram-negative-bacteria

shared by katherine-medina on 21 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 21 Jun 23
       
      Epigallocatechin (EGCG) is a type of catechin or a natural phenol antioxidant. It is commonly found in tea leaves, plums, apple skin, and onions. Sidenote this bacteria is found in green tea
  • However, with resistance increasing against many classes of antibiotic, clinicians often use multiple combinations to treat critically ill patients
  • relatively low toxicity of EGCG to human keratinocytes and G. mellonella larvae.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • . EGCG was able to restore the activity of aztreonam against MDR P. aeruginosa . The data presented support further evaluation of the aztreonam–EGCG combination and highlight its potential for use in clinical medici
  • Polyphenols
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 21 Jun 23
       
      These are bioactive compounds that are found in fruits and leaves of plants. The main focus of this paper is a type of polyphenol.
  • with EGCG in checkerboard assays, susceptibility increased in P. aeruginosa (n=16, 100%), with the combination proving synergistic in all strains tested
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 21 Jun 23
       
      Wow. for how much it increased the susceptibility.
  • Another option to restore the activity of aztreonam against bacterial strains with multiple resistance mechanisms would be to use polyphenols
  • Chemicals, media, bacterial isolates and animals
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 21 Jun 23
       
      Really important to look back at these methods because even though it may not be feasible for me to do an experiment like this one, it still has valuable information for me to look at.
  • To access synergy between aztreonam and EGCG, checkerboard assays were performed
  • he results demonstrate that synergy between aztreonam and EGCG exists [fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) 0.02-0.5], with the combination affording significantly (P=<0.05) enhanced bacterial killing, with a >3 log10 reduction in colony-forming units ml−1 at 24 h
  • Synergy was also found between EGCG and the third-generation cephalosporin, cefotaxime
  • with scores of 64 and 56 out of a maximum of 64 for strains PA2 and PA6, respectively.
  • the increased activity may also be due to the inhibition of the non-mevalonate pathway, resulting in increased susceptibility to aztreonam.
  • Overall, the G. mellonella assays demonstrated that the aztreonam–EGCG combination was superior to monotherapy with either agent against every isolate tested, with significantly lower larval mortality rates
  • In conclusion, the results from this study demonstrate that synergy exists between aztreonam and EGCG against MDR clinical strains of P. aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. EGCG is also able to restore the antibacterial activity of aztreonam to concentrations below the EUCAST susceptibility breakpoint for P. aeruginosa , potentially expanding and extending its useful therapeutic lifespan. Further work should be undertaken to determine if this combination has the potential to treat clinical infections caused by MDR P. aeruginosa .
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 21 Jun 23
       
      My final thought for this article is as follows: 1. This brings up a very interesting topic for me to dig into (polyphenols & antibiotics)
  • katherine-medina on 21 Jun 23
     
    A gateway article for me to further my search into the scientific realm involving polyphenols that aid antibiotics.
katherine-medina

https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2962278/v1/95a4813e-7c91-423d-8608-d3e697f79... - 0 views

assets.researchsquare.com/...c91-423d-8608-d3e697f797f4.pdf

MRSA stilbene polyphenols antibiotics HSR-2023 Research-idea pigeon-peas

shared by katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23 - No Cached
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23
       
      A. Besides, the results implied that these stilbenes effectively inhibited the levels of adhesion and virulence genes and downregulate the production of -hemolysin. This study showed that stilbenes from pigeon pea have anti-Staphylococcus potential, and they also inhibited bacterial proliferation, biofilm formation, and key gene expressions related to adhesion and virulence of MRSA.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23
       
      "Over the past few years, bacterial biofilm has aroused wide attention. And the biofilm can be called sessile microbial community where cells are attached to the surface or to other cells and can embed themselves in a protective extracellular polymeric matrix." This is a pretty interesting piece of information.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23
       
      Moreover, as an ethnological herb, pigeon pea is adopted in traditional medicine for its treatments of diabetes (Al-Saeedi and Hossain 2015; Talukdar 2013), hepatic-disorder (Ghosh et al. 2006), necrosis of femoral head (Luo et al. 2009), measles (Nwodo Page 4/20 et al. 2011) and osteoporosis HUH that is really interesting considering the amount of pigeon peas I have had in arroz con gondules.
  • ...3 more annotations...
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23
       
      Additionally, the epidermis was the external barrier of the body and thus HaCaT (human keratinocyte) was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of these stilbenes. As a result, these compounds had no discernible harmful effects on HaCaT at concentrations of 1/4 of their MIC, and their IC50 on HaCaT were 9.58 ± 0.22, 12.76 ± 0.31, 18.38 ± 0.41 µg/mL, respectively. Hence, the maximum concentrations of these stilbenes were set at 1/4 MIC in the follow-up research It is quite remarkable that pigeon peas are that effective.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23
       
      The growth cures suggested that 1 MIC and 1/2 MIC of these compounds had remarkable inhibitory effects on the MRSA growth. Wow
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23
       
      It is incredibly important that the article states this, "However, current researches barely reveal the anti-MRSA biofilm ability of stilbenes from pigeon pea." This makes me want to learn more and more about how pigeon pea polyphenols work mostly because it is a very unexplored area of biochemistry.
  • katherine-medina on 27 Jun 23
     
    This article is about three different stilbenes in pigeon peas that were found to fight against MRSA.
katherine-medina

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Exchange with Artificial CSF Enriched with Mesenchymal Stem C... - 2 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6480705

CSF-experiments mice stem-cells potential research idea HSR-2023

shared by katherine-medina on 29 May 23 - No Cached
  • Moreover, toxicity of the CSF from patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases has been reported
  • Moreover, toxicity of the CSF from patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases has been reported
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      Good to note.
  • A beneficial effect was also demonstrated under Aβ neurotoxicity in PC12 cells
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • n humans, it was reported that filtration of the CSF was beneficial in Guillain-Barré syndrome [
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      interesting that filtering the liquid can help people.
  • . MSCs produce a variety of neurogenic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory agents [15,16,17,18,19,20,21], and have been shown to induce beneficial effects when transplanted in EAE-mice [22,23,24,25], stroke [26,27], traumatic brain injury [28], Parkinson’s disease [29], schizophrenia, and autism [30,31] as well as increased neurogenesis in adult mice
  • Moreover, no studies using biologically enriched-aCSF for exchanging the CSF have been published.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      That makes me want to search hard for studies that do involve the transfer, however I would have to figure out a way to create an experiment around this base idea of artificial CSF.
  • Artifical cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) enriched with secretions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increases cell viability of PC12 and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines
  • While secretions of 2 days growing 10 or 100 K/mL MSCs in aCSF did not show an increase in PC12 cell viability
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      HMMM.... that is utterly fascinating the fact that after 2 days there seemed to be no change amongst the cell viability for both the 10 and 100 ml aCSF.
  • etions of 5 days growing MSCs in aCSF did show a significant increase in the PC12 cell viability relative to unenriched-aCSF treated cells
  • The principle of CSF exchange is similar to plasma exchange by plasmapheresis, which is in use for the treatment of autoimmune disorders
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      Did not know that it was similar to plasmapheresis.
  • a significant increase in cell viability was noticed in the enriched-aCSF (
  • A similar trend of increased cell viability by enriched-aCSF treatment was noticed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2, but without reaching a statistical significance
  • while cell viability was reduced under Aβ, a significant increase in cell viability was noted in the enriched-aCSF treated cells
  • significantly suppressed in spleen lymphocytes treated with the enriched-aCSF compared to lymphocytes treated with (unenriched-) aCSF
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      This limiting of the lymphocytes is most likely a good thing under the guise of this paper because the suppression of lymphocytes likely helps with certain autoimmune disorders.
  • These results show that the “in/out” enriched-aCSF therapy was the most effective one, affecting both time of onset (EAE-control mice develop the disease at day 10 while the treated mice at day 14 post induction) and disease progression
  • Prolonged amelioration of EAE clinical symptoms during prolonged CSF exchange therapy: (in/out) enriched-aCSF protocol was more effective than (in) enriched-aCSF and (in/out) aCSF.
  • A trend of less demyelination in the LFB staining in the (in/out) enriched-aCSF treated- mice relative to the EAE-control mic
  • Our results show that elimination of endogenous CSF, and its replacement with MSC secretions enriched-aCSF ((in/out)-enriched-aCSF), delayed EAE onset and reduced the clinical score with indications of reduced axonal damage and demyelination.
  • in vitro and in vivo, has shown that MSCs can promote survival and axonal myelination in sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons and may be effective in non-inflammatory models of demyelination [
  • MSCs transplantation alone has been applied and tested with strong indications of beneficial effects in animal models of MS [22,23,24,25], stroke [26,27], traumatic brain injury [28], PD [29], schizophrenia, and autism
  • showing that local (intraventricular) transplantation of MSCs is more effective than intravenous administration
  • The feasibility of CSF exchange therapy reported here in the EAE model might possibly be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS.
  • our approach of CSF exchange therapy could be beneficial for fully developed neurological diseases through a repeated application of the proposed CSF exchange protocol
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      A good thing to recognize and note for future reference.
  • 5. Conclusions
  • katherine-medina on 29 May 23
     
    This is a more recent study about the effects of artificial CSF infused with MSC in mice.
katherine-medina

Increased 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in Alzheimer's disease brain is associated with ... - 1 views

www.science.org/...sciadv.adf6232

Alzheimer's-disease Research-idea brain HSR-2023 Human

shared by katherine-medina on 27 May 23 - No Cached
  • Genetic factors contribute substantially to the pathological process of AD as demonstrated by the fact that the genetic heritability in AD is in the range of between 60 and 80% (10).
  • however, whether the variants alter the level of 3-OST-1 enzyme activity to change the structure of HS remains unknown
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 May 23
       
      Good to note what exactly the article remains unsure about
  • The synthesis of additional 13C-labeled calibrants to cover these three reported 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides will be the subject for future study.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 May 23
       
      LOOK INTO THIS PART CAYSE THEY ARE SAYING THAT THEY ARE NOT FULLY SURE
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • the elevation of total HS and the percentage of the 3-O-sulfated domain in HS.
  • HS and tau revealed that the sugar mainly interacts with the proline-rich region 2, a repeat domain 2 in tau protein
  • Further analysis of the distribution of 3-O-sulfated HS from different areas of AD brains will be of interest and the subject for a subsequent study.
  • Experimental design
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 27 May 23
       
      READ THIS IF THIS TOPIC COMES BACK UP AGAIN
  • katherine-medina on 27 May 23
     
    A interesting study about a sulfate that suggests that Alzheimer's is genetic
katherine-medina

Sci-Hub | Dandelion Root and Lemongrass Extracts Induce Apoptosis, Enhance Chemotherape... - 1 views

sci-hub.ru/...31391857

Cancer-fighting dandelions potential research idea environmental HSR-2023

shared by katherine-medina on 04 Jun 23 - No Cached
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 04 Jun 23
       
      They found cancer cell-fighting properties in the dandelion root, lemon grass, long pepper, and hibiscus extract. (I should probably look into what makes these plants prone to killing cancer cells.)
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 04 Jun 23
       
      Okay, so they made sure to have a control group of cancer cells, then a group of healthy cells that are being experimented on with the liquid, then they had the cancer-ridden cells.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 04 Jun 23
       
      In order to further understand how these complex extracts exhibit their anticancer efects, the mechanism of apoptotic induction should be investigated. In order to determine if apoptosis is induced through oxidative stress, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 04 Jun 23
       
      s. Tus, we have shown for the frst time that these NHPs can be used as adjuvants to chemotherapies and potentially enhance their effect.
  • katherine-medina on 04 Jun 23
     
    I will likely come back to this if I so choose to look into how dandelion roots fight cancer.
  • Sean Nash on 04 Jun 23
     
    Yes. Another approach is often... once (if) you can find a suggested mechanism of action... you can often pivot with that action into looking for similar effects in other areas (doesn't have to be human or mammal cancer cells). That area isn't a no-go, but it does present feasibility issues to be tackled. If you can find a suggested mechanism, then you can think more widely about how else could you look to see if that effect can be leveraged in other areas. That is often how you can move toward an easily feasible model organism to test that effect on. Keep up the good work!
Sean Nash

Race car drivers tend to blink at the same places in each lap - 4 views

www.sciencenews.org/...ula-one-race-car-drivers-blink

ArduinoScienceJournal app driving blinking vision research potential research idea biology engineering HSR HSR-2023 science statistical analysis car auto safety civilengineering blink

shared by Sean Nash on 25 May 23 - No Cached
izzy kelly liked it
  • The world goes dark for about one-fifth of a second every time you blink, a fraction of an instant that’s hardly noticeable to most people. But for a Formula One race car driver traveling up to 354 kilometers per hour, that one-fifth means almost 20 meters of lost vision
  • People are often thought to blink at random intervals, but researchers found that wasn’t the case for three Formula drivers.
  • the drivers tended to blink at the same parts of the course during each lap, cognitive neuroscientist Ryota Nishizono and colleagues report in the May 19 iScience
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      Interesting. So, do we do the same thing while driving around town? Could you design a method to record eye blinks as people drive known routes around town? We could simultaneously use the Arduino Science Journal app on the iPhone to also correlate physical data in a moving car like acceleration/deceleration, motion in X, Y, Z directions, etc. I wonder if we could find a correlation in everyday driving that could help from a safety perspective?
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • He was surprised to find almost no literature on blinking behavior in active humans even though under extreme conditions like motor racing or cycling
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      OK, now this SCREAMS: "potential research idea."
  • Nishizono and colleagues mounted eye trackers on the helmets of three drivers and had them drive three Formula circuits
  • Where the drivers blinked was surprisingly predictable, the team found. The drivers had a shared pattern of blinking that had a strong connection with acceleration, such that drivers tended not to blink while changing speed or direction — like while on a curve in the track — but did blink while on relatively safer straightaways.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      What sort of implications does this have for driving in key, known, busy interchanges in KC? Could we potentially provide data to show certain stretches of highway need more signage, etc? That could have civil engineering implications.
  • “We think of blinking as this nothing behavior,” he says, “but it’s not just wiping the eyes. Blinking is a part of our visual system.”
  • Nishizono next wants to explore what processes in the brain allow or inhibit blinking in a given moment, he says, and is also interested in how blinking behavior varies among the general population.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 25 May 23
       
      While the "brain" part might move beyond our feasibility, the potential of finding real correlations to driving patterns or routes is a completely different spin-off and one that could have really practical suggestive applications for city planners, etc.
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