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Garth Holman

BBC News | Health | A millennium of health improvement - 0 views

news.bbc.co.uk/...241864.stm

Middle Ages quest4 social life expectancy

shared by Garth Holman on 10 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • In the medieval world, there was a belief that only miracles were so powerful
  • full and healthy life for men was making it through early childhood. For women, it was making it past childbearing age.
  • boy had reached 20 he could hope to live to 45, and if he made it to 30 he had a good chance of making it into his fifties.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • main threats lay in early childhood, as the child's immune system was coming to terms with the threats posed by a disease-ridden environment.
  • Thatch roofs were common in the countryside (where 85-90% of the population lived) and they attracted insects and rodents
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 10 Feb 16
       
      Thatching is the craft of building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, or heather, layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof. It is a very old roofing method and has been used in both tropical and temperate climates. See images:  https://www.google.com/search?q=Thatch+roofs&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjttJ-5su3KAhXDzoMKHXb_D-EQ_AUIBygB&biw=1374&bih=676&dpr=0.9
  • They carried bacteria, which they deposited either on the inhabitants or the food they would eat
  • There was no plumbing, so human waste was deposited outside - but not too far from - the house. Such material produced a breeding ground for the biggest killers of the period, cholera and typhoid, which were caused by unsanitary living conditions.
  • body lice living on infected people.
  • increased risk of death as a result of accidents at work.
  • It was noblemen who were most successful at keeping themselves clean, and they surrounded themselves with well-scrubbed servants.
  • But between the ages of 14 and 40 - the years of having children - a woman's life expectancy was half that of a man's.
  • One reason offered for this is that having babies in the middle ages was more dangerous than going to war
  • less sanitary, and put the mother at a high risk of fatal infection.
  • Food storage was also primitive, with no refrigeration except in winter, and consumers showed a tolerance of slightly rancid goods because there was a general shortage of food.
  • while relatives of the afflicted prayed for miracles.
Garth Holman

Doctors - 0 views

medieval-life.net/doctors.htm

shared by Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Constellations and the alignment of the planets were assumed to have direct influence of the human body, thought to be comprised of four "humors" and three "spirits."
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      Who did Doctors look to for answers as to why people were sick? 
  • Medieval surgical instruments included scissors, razors, lancets, needles and speculums.
  • guilds.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      Like todays labor union.  Group of people doing the same job that share ideas, protect each other. 
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Ancient Greek texts were first translated to Arabic, then by Jewish translators into Latin. It is difficult to know how much knowledge was lost or erroneous from these many translations.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      again the idea that when Rome fell much was lost.  In this case, knowledge of medical care. 
Garth Holman

Medicine - 1 views

medieval-life.net/medicine.htm

Quest4 Medicine

shared by Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Arabic anatomical and pharmaceutical knowledge, far greater in scope than that of medieval Europe's learning, was quickly assimilated
  • Isolation of the sick and contagious was commonplace and possibly the greatest step taken in medieval medicine.
  • Hospitals began to be built in Europe during the 13th century
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Bleeding and the use of leeches to draw "bad blood" from the patient were typical. Some surgeries were performed to cure patients of hernias, cataracts, for the removal of gallstones. Surgery was often more precarious than the actual problem. Folk cures and poultices made from herbs were options for the peasant class. There were those who would risk being called "witch" to provide these remedies, although many found themselves tied to a burning stake.
  • the Church was often called to exorcise demons and say prayers and incantations over the patient.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      When all else fails turn to the Church! 
  • Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
     
    Medicine, no aspirin for a headache, lets try blood letting:)
  • Garth Holman on 11 Feb 16
     
    Medicine, no aspirin for a headache, lets try blood letting:)
  • Garth Holman on 11 Feb 16
     
    Medicine, no aspirin for a headache, lets try blood letting:)
Garth Holman

Intro to Roman Government - Google Docs - 1 views

docs.google.com/...edit

shared by Garth Holman on 11 Dec 15 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 11 Dec 15
       
      "a form of government in which power is held by the nobility (RICH)."   Sparta had this type of government but called it something else, What did they call a small group of rich/elite people who rule? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 11 Dec 15
       
      This means: be characterized by.  Might think of it as "takes from"
John Woodbridge

Stonehenge: The earliest Ikea flat pack in history? - CNN.com - 0 views

www.cnn.com/...the-stonehenge-ikea-monument

ancient England

shared by John Woodbridge on 11 Dec 15 - No Cached
  • John Woodbridge on 11 Dec 15
     
    That's the view of Mike Parker Pearson, professor of British later prehistory at University College London (UCL) who says some of the famous rocky slabs -- known as 'bluestones' -- may have first been erected in Wales and then moved on to England around 500 years later.
dcs-armstrong

3 Branches of Government for Kids and Teachers - FREE Lesson Plans & Games for Kids - 0 views

government.mrdonn.org/3branches.html

3branches US Government Republic three branches checks and balances Legislative Executive Judicial President Congress Representative Democracy

shared by dcs-armstrong on 17 Dec 15 - Cached
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 17 Dec 15
       
      When they say the Legislative branch "makes new laws" what they really mean is that the Legislative branch makes suggestions on what new laws should be. These suggestions are called "bills" it doesn't officially become a law until it goes through the entire process.
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 17 Dec 15
       
      When they say the Legislative branch "makes new laws" what they really mean is that the Legislative branch makes suggestions on what new laws should be. These suggestions are called "bills" it doesn't officially become a law until it goes through the entire process.
  • he men who wrote the Constitution wanted to make sure that no one branch became too powerful
  • checks and balances
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • president is the commander in chief
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 17 Dec 15
       
      (He commands the army)
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 17 Dec 15
       
      (He commands the army)
  • BUT - the president cannot get
  • money to pay anyone
  • without the approval of Congress.
  • nearly everyone appointed by the president
  • pproved by Congress before they can take office.
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 17 Dec 15
       
      Think what vocabulary word describes the first line "The government of the United States is composed of three branches".
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 17 Dec 15
       
      Think what vocabulary word describes the first line "The government of the United States is composed of three branches".
  • executive branch
  • three branches
  • egislative branch
  • judicial branch
  • executive branch sees that laws are carried out
  • legislative branch makes new laws
  • judicial branch makes sure that the laws
  • agree with the Constitution
mrs. b.

Alexander the Great [ushistory.org] - 1 views

www.ushistory.org/5g.asp

shared by mrs. b. on 21 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • A great conqueror, in 13 short years he amassed the largest empire in the entire ancient world — an empire that covered 3,000 miles.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      That is a big as the United States from NY to LA! 
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 24 Nov 14
       
      4,000 miles less than the amount of miles it would take to get from Chicago to Shanghai,China.
  • Not bad for a kid who became the King of Macedon at the age of 20.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • Many of Alexander's accomplishments were made possible by his father, Philip of Macedon.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      Reminds me of the Quote by Albert Einstein "A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving"  WE ALL NEED HELP TO GET WHERE WE ARE GOING! 
  • In 338 B.C.E., King Philip of Macedon invaded and conquered the Greek city-states. Philip took advantage of the fact that the Greek city-states were divided by years of squabbling and infighting. Philip succeeded in doing what years of fighting between city-states had not done. He united Greece.
  • Alexander's the Great's tutor was the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
  • For years, the massive Persian Empire threatened the very existence of the Greek way of life
  • Alexander, took the throne in 336 B.C.E., he vowed to complete the plans of his father. In 334 B.C.E., Alexander invaded Persia, which lay across the Aegean Sea in Asia Minor
  • Alexander smashed the Persian armies at the Tigris River and conquered the mighty Persian Empire, including the legendary city of Babylon. For many Greeks, this victory marked a moment of sweet revenge against a bitter foe
  • at the age of 25, Alexander ruled an expansive empire
  • Alexander conquered Egypt and founded a city at the mouth of the Nile River.
  • ntil he reached India and the Indus River in 326 B.C.E. At this point, his exhausted troops refused to fight further.
  • Without the support of his army, Alexander had no choice but to turn back and begin consolidating and organizing his far-flung empire. On his way home, Alexander died from disease in 323 B.C.E.
  • First, his father was able to unite the Greek city-states, and Alexander destroyed the Persian Empire forever. More importantly, Alexander's conquests spread Greek culture, also known as Hellenism, across his empire.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      Key Is cultural Diffusion: spreading of Greek Culture around the globe.  THIS IS CALLED HELLENISM
  • Without Alexander's ambition, Greek ideas and culture might well have remained confined to Greece.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      So, in a way did he save WESTERN CIVILIZATION? 
  • without the benefit of modern technology
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 24 Nov 14
       
      That's pretty impressive!
    • Samuel H
      Samuel H on 19 Nov 15
       
      So impressive.
    • Ariel L
      Ariel L on 19 Nov 15
       
      That is just flat down awesome!!!
  • in 13 short years he amassed the largest empire in the entire ancient world
  • Alexander's reign marked the beginning of a new era known as the Hellenistic Age
  • mrs. b. on 30 Nov 15
     
    Brief history of Alexander the Great
Garth Holman

What Is an Advantage of a Direct Democracy? | The Classroom | Synonym - 2 views

classroom.synonym.com/age-direct-democracy-7831.html

Greece Directdemocracy democracy AncientGreece advantage

shared by Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • In a pure democracy
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      Here they use that word PURE! 
  • all citizens have the opportunity to participate in making the policies and laws for the society
  • representative democracy,
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      This is what Rome comes up with later.  It is better for a larger population.  
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • citizen has a direct impact on every policy decision, since he has a vote on each issue
  • opportunity to speak and be heard, and there is an incentive for the community to be involved in town meetings, referenda and other elections.
  • power in the hands of the people,
  • opportunity to know about all of the important decisions, but they also have the responsibility to get the information necessary to understand the issues and make the best choices for laws and policies
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      With power comes great responsibility.  That is the key. People have to work to make a direct democracy work.  
  • transparency to government
  • accountable to the people.
  • opportunity to voice her concerns, it's more difficult to brush concerns aside or to hide uncomfortable issues.
  • apathy of some citizens who don't choose to attend town assemblies or vote can result in something more like a representative system than a pure democratic one. Direct democracy also involves many more elections, which can be both inconvenient and expensive. Finally, because direct democracy is usually effective only in small societies, the influence of the media and government officials may be stronger there than in a larger setting.
Garth Holman

Marco Polo - Journalist, Explorer - Biography.com - 0 views

www.biography.com/...marco-polo-9443861

biography Marco Polo

shared by Garth Holman on 06 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Marco Polo was born in 1254, in Venice, Italy.
  • 1271 to 1295.
  • His book Il Milione describes his travels and experiences and influenced later adventurers and merchants.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Their journeys brought them into present-day China, where they joined a diplomatic mission to the court of Kublai Khan, the Mongol leader whose grandfather, Genghis Khan, had conquered Northeast Asia. In 1269, the two men returned to Venice, and immediately started making plans for their return to Khan's court. During their stay with the leader, Khan had expressed his interest in Christianity and asked the Polo brothers to visit again with 100 priests and a collection of holy water.
  • Marco Polo was born in 1254, in Venice, Italy. He traveled extensively with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those years. Around 1292, he left China, acting as consort along the way to a Mongol princess who was being sent to Persia. His book Il Milione describes his travels and experiences and influenced later adventurers and merchants.
Zoe K

Ancient Greece - Ancient History - HISTORY.com - 2 views

www.history.com/...ancient-greece

history greece ancient

shared by Zoe K on 29 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Greece refers to the time three centuries before the classical age, between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C.
  • Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry and technology, but most of all it was the age in which the polis, or city-state, was invented.
  • They developed governments and organized their citizens according to some sort of constitution or set of laws.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • (For example, they refused to let ordinary people serve on councils or assemblies.
  • They all had economies that were based on agriculture, not trade
  • These people monopolized political power.
  • The colonial migrations of the Archaic period had an important effect on its art and literature
  • They also monopolized the best farmland, and some even claimed to be descended from the gods. Because “the poor with their wives and children were enslaved to the rich and had no political rights,”
  • Land was the most important source of wealth in the city-states;
  • As time passed and their populations grew, many of these agricultural city-states began to produce consumer goods such as pottery, cloth, wine and metalwork.
  • These leaders were known as tyrants.
  • And every one of these city-states (known as poleis) was said to be protected by a particular god or goddess, to whom the citizens of the polis owed a great deal of reverence, respect and sacrifice.
  • a relatively sophisticated period in world history.
  • The polis became the defining feature of Greek political life for hundreds of years.
  • During the so-called “Greek Dark Ages” before the Archaic period, people lived scattered throughout Greece in small farming villages. As they grew larger, these villages began to evolve. Some built walls.
  • Between 750 B.C. and 600 B.C., Greek colonies sprang up from the Mediterranean to Asia Minor, from North Africa to the coast of the Black Sea. By the end of the seventh century B.C., there were more than 1,500 colonial poleis.
  • Each of these poleis was an independent city-state. In this way, the colonies of the Archaic period were different from other colonies we are familiar with: The people who lived there were not ruled by or bound to the city-states from which they came. The new poleis were self-governing and self-sufficient.
    • Yang Y
      Yang Y on 29 Sep 15
       
      The oligarchs' power was greater than anyone else's.
  • Zoe K on 30 Sep 15
     
    facts about ancient greece
Garth Holman

The Siege of Kaffa and the Black Death - History in an HourHistory in an Hour - 0 views

www.historyinanhour.com/...e-of-kaffa-and-the-black-death

Kaffa Mongols Black Death Middle AGes

shared by Garth Holman on 05 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • Between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death raged through Medieval Europe. Historians and biologists have traced the origins of this deadly pandemic to the remote steppes of Central Asia. Plague had certainly erupted there by 1331 but how exactly did it spread from East to West? After ravaging Central Asia, the plague descended on China, India and Persia. In China alone, the plague killed around half of the human population. Despite such destruction, commercial activities continued unabated. This meant that the traders, their vessels and the rats aboard became the agents of infection. As they travelled along the established trade routes of the medieval world, they unwittingly carried the plague with them.
  • For several years, the Mongols had allowed a group of merchants from Genoa to control Kaffa, a bustling seaport on the Crimean Peninsula. This was highly advantageous for the Mongols as it provided a direct link to Italy’s largest commercial centre and encouraged trade across all corners of their vast empire. Tensions and disagreements, however, were a common feature of this commercial relationship, arising primarily from their religious differences; the Italians were devoutly Christian and the Mongols had been practising Muslims since the 1200s.
  • ‘This Pestilential Disease’
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • “Whereupon the Tartars (Mongols), worn out by this pestilential disease, and falling on all sides as if thunderstruck, and seeing that they were perishing hopelessly, ordered the corpses to be placed upon their engines and thrown into the city of Kaffa. Accordingly were the bodies of the dead hurled over the walls, so that the Christians were not able to hide or protect themselves from this danger, although they carried away as many as possible and threw them into the sea.”
  • summer of 1347, the Italian merchants headed to their ships and the fled the city of Kaffa. En route, however, the Italians stopped at Constantinople, inadvertently infecting the city. Thousands of people were killed, including Andronikos, the son of the Greek Emperor, John VI Cantacuzenos. Those who were able fled the city, many not realising that they were already infected. By the autumn, the western coast of Asia Minor was experiencing the full force of the Black Death and it would not be long before returned home to infect their native Italy.
  • Garth Holman on 05 Apr 18
     
    Mongols, Kaffa, trade and the Black Death .
Garth Holman

World-History | Medieval Knights - 1 views

gosocialstudiesgo.wix.com/world-history

shared by Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Knights might have been professional soldiers but that didn't mean they had to act like one. In the early days of feudalism, knights often ate at the same table as the lords and ladies of the manor
  • They often belched, spit, and put their feet directly on the dinner table. The refined ladies and lords were appalled. So, a code of honor was drawn up that we now call Chivalry.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      So Chivalry comes as a way to correct their personal bad behavior. 
  • This stems from the Medieval Knights Code of Chivalry and the Vows of Knighthood.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • There were at least 17 rules to the knights code of chivalry and vows of knighthood. The most important were to serve God, serve their liege lord (the King), be courteous to all women (though what they meant was all women of the noble class), and to defend the weak. Other rules included to fight for the welfare of all, to live by honor and glory, and to refrain from the wanton giving of offence; basically, don’t act like ye olde arse.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      Rules for the knight to follow. 
  • this was meant to defend the elderly, women and children, but of the upper class. Knights were often brutal to peasants and it was considered acceptable because of the low social status of the peasants. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      Poor Peasants? 
  • From this, came rules like if a woman was of equal or higher status, he should stand when she enters a room and sit only after she does, the best foods at a meal should be offered to her, and when walking on the sidewalk, the man should walk closest to the street. This was to protect the woman from getting spattered with mud and the contents of chamber pots (buckets that were used as toilets) that were thrown out windows. It was a way to show that the gentleman honored the woman to have the poop hit him instead.
  • nights kept their skills sharp by competing in tournaments known as jousts where two heavily armored horseman race at another at high speed
  • Medieval tournaments brought knights and lords together in friendly competitions to show off their skills at hand to hand combat, horse back riding, and of course, jousting
  • A head shot for example was the most damaging but also the most difficult target, and therefore was awarded the most points.
  • Cash prizes, called a purse, would be given to the winners and this was the best way to move up the social ladder if you didn't get a chance to show off your skills on the battle field. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      Maybe you can win the "PURSE" in your blog! 
  • To become a knight was a long and difficult path.
  • sent to live in the castle with his Lord where his training would begin around the age of seven
  • road to knighthood he was known as a page. A page's training involved learning to ride a horse and receiving religious instruction from the priest of the manor. And, when he wasn't riding or praying, a page spent his days running errands and serving the ladies of the manor. He would also be taught to dance, sing, and play a musical instrument which were considered honorable qualities for a knight to have.
  • a page would be promoted to the role of squire. A squire worked directly with his knight. The squire learned skills from his knight (who was also his Lord) such as sword fighting and hand to hand combat. The squire pretty much acted as personal assistant to his knight, polishing his armor, caring for his horse, and even waiting on him at meal times. During times of battle, it was the job of the squire to help his Lord into the armor and look after him if he was wounded. He also had the awful task of cleaning out the armor which, after a long day on the battle field would be covered in all sorts of bodily fluids.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      Like pee He he!
  • "I promise on my faith that I will in the future be faithful to the lord, never cause him harm and will observe my homage to him completely against all persons in good faith and without deceit." -A Typical Oath of Fealty
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      NOTE: loyalty, homage, never cause harm, good faith.  You had to be a trustworthy to be a knigh! 
  • Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
     
    Learn how a Knight becomes a knight and how Chivalry impacts you!
Garth Holman

The Middle Ages for Kids - Coat of Arms, Shields, Herald, Heraldry - 0 views

medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/heraldry.html

Coatofarms Middleages shields

shared by Garth Holman on 22 Dec 11 - Cached
  • People in medieval times used personal and family banners and shields to express their identity and status in society. Think of your school logo, or the logo of a professional sports team
  • Heraldry includes a family motto and a family coat of arms. The actual design of the coat of arms followed a pattern, although each was distinctive. 
  • As time went on, a family's heraldry was recorded so that no one could copy the pattern or take it for themselves.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • In the Middle Ages, a distinctive coat of arms was used to identify each noble family. Each item in the design had meaning. 
  • Once a coat of arms was adopted by a family, the design was placed on shields held by knights of the manor, embroidered on tapestries, and carved in stone throughout the castle or manor house. It was placed on swords and on banners and even burnt into the top of breads on special occasions. A family's heraldry was important. It said, "This is who we are, and we are special." That is heraldry.
  • Since most people could not read, heraldry was invented.
  • design and short saying
  • They put their coat of arms, showing their heraldry, on banners, shields, tapestries and anything else they could think of.
  • coat of arms has a specific meaning
  • brave as a lion
  • Garth Holman on 22 Dec 11
     
    Background on a coat of arms.
alove_

Objectivity and Bias in the Study of History - 0 views

www.historydiscussion.net/...632

history historical objectivity historian objective subjective thought

shared by alove_ on 18 Oct 19 - No Cached
  • Voltaire pointed out that history is a pack of tricks we play upon the dead.
  • the present can and does influence our knowledge of the past because past events do not any longer exist anywhere except in mind of the historian, who has now become both subject and object.
  • Some people have gone so far as to say that the closest we can get to what actually happened is to believe what the records say actually happened.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Historical thought about the past and all history, consequently, is the history of thought.
  • We can also check one person’s version of what actually happened by comparing it with that of another person or by examining all the relevant sources ourselves.
  • History is not a branch of literature, it is a science.
    • alove_
      alove_ on 18 Oct 19
       
      I would say the opposite...
MIkayla CarnoHarf

Ancient Egyptian Farming - 1 views

www.dragonstrike.com/...farm.htm

shared by MIkayla CarnoHarf on 01 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Hope you were able to afford a few animals such as some goats, pigs, ducks, cows, and geese. Animals were one of the most important things about farming. Animals helped you with jobs like trampling in the seeds, pulling your plow, eating unwanted grain or wheat and providing you with food and drink. But having these animals may have caused misfortune like if your donkey nibbled on someone else's crops the farmer could threaten to take you to court. Also if your animals were sick you had to do all the work that they did. If your animals were not marked they may have been stolen. Along with misfortunes came care. You had to take great care of your animals. You had to give them food, drink and you had to count your cattle. The herdsman drove the cattle past the overseer who counted them and wrote down the size of each cattle.
    • MIkayla CarnoHarf
      MIkayla CarnoHarf on 01 Nov 11
       
      How farming worked in Ancient Egypt.
dcs-armstrong

Rats and fleas off the hook: humans passed Black Death to each other | News | The Week UK - 1 views

www.theweek.co.uk/...-passed-black-death-each-other

shared by dcs-armstrong on 26 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • The Bubonic Plague of 1348 was actually a pneumonic plague, say scientists studying skeletons dug up in London
  • RATS and fleas have been unfairly implicated in the spread of the Black Death, according to scientists studying the remains of Londoners who died in the 14th century.
  • scientists now believe that a death rate of such magnitude would only have been possible if the plague had been airborne.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Around 60 per cent of people living in the capital died
  • thought, this was courtesy of fleas carried by the black rat.
  • However
  • now believe the only way that the Black Death could have killed so many people in 1348 was if it was actually a pneumonic plague – an airborne version of the disease which can be spread from person to person through coughing
  • Speaking of rats and fleas, Dr Brooks told the Guardian:
  • Rats and fleas off the hook: humans p
Yoav P

Ancient Greek Government - Ancient Greece for Kids! - 5 views

www.historyforkids.org/...government

government greece

shared by Yoav P on 16 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • there were many different city-states in ancient Greece,
  • Aristotle divided Greek governments into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies, and most historians still use these same divisions.
  • In 510 BC, the city-state of Athens created the first democratic government,
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • Then in the 600s and 500s BC a lot of city-states were taken over by tyrants. Tyrants were usually one of the aristocrats who got power over the others by getting the support of the poor people. They ruled kind of like kings, but without any legal right to rule.
    • Lily S
      Lily S on 17 Oct 12
       
      The government in Ancient Greece depended on the period of time
  • Archaic period
  • Late Bronze Age
  • at each period there were plenty of city-states using a different system, and there were many which never did become democracies or tyrannies at all.
  • Athenian democracy did not really give power to everyone
  • Athens at this time had an empire
  • many Greek city-states kept oligarchic government, or tyrannies, or monarchies, through this whole time
  • and they each had their own government. In addition, people's ideas about what made a good government changed over time.
    • jwoomer j
      jwoomer j on 10 Oct 13
       
      They progressed in their government styles which helped them improve.
  • The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments
    • Eric G
      Eric G on 14 Oct 14
       
      The Greeks had many different kinds of governments because each individual city-state had its own government
  • After the Dark Age, though, only a few Greek city-states still had kings.
    • Eric G
      Eric G on 14 Oct 14
       
      There were not many kings in the city-states after the dark age.
  • The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments, because there were many different city-states in ancient Greece, and they each had their own government.
    • Arielle K
      Arielle K on 29 Sep 15
       
      Most people did not have voting rights in Athenian democracy. 
  • between about 2000 and 1200 BC, all Greek city-states seem to have been monarchies,
  • Most of the people in Athens couldn't vote - no women, no slaves, no foreigners (even Greeks from other city-states), no children.
  • The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments, because there were many different city-states in ancient Greece
  • Sparta is the most famous of these, though actually Sparta had two kings, usually brothers or cousins, at the same time.
  • zach m on 16 Oct 12
     
    this is a good description of ancient Greek government 
  • ...1 more comment...
  • jwoomer j on 10 Oct 13
     
    Good facts about Greek government. Easy to read.
  • Eric G on 14 Oct 14
     
    This website talks about the government of ancient Greece.
  • Yoav P on 29 Sep 15
     
    This website explains about Ancient Greece's government
Aden S

Prehistory - 1 views

besthistorysites.net/...prehistory

Ardi Lucy. Pre History

shared by Aden S on 01 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Before Lucy came Ardi, new earliest hominid found Associated Press, October 1, 2009 -- "Ardi," a 110-pound, 4-foot female hominid who lived 4.4 million years ago in what is now Ethiopia roamed forests a million years before the famous Lucy, long studied as the earliest skeleton of a human ancestor.
    • Aden S
      Aden S on 01 Nov 11
       
      Ardi was 110 pound and 4 feet tall. Was Ardi over weight?
Garth Holman

Democracy Is Born [ushistory.org] - 2 views

www.ushistory.org/5b.asp

democracy Greece AncientGreece

shared by Garth Holman on 29 Sep 15 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 29 Sep 15
       
      Who had citizenship rights? 
  • Only free, adult men enjoyed the rights and responsibility of citizenship.
  • modern democratic governments in which citizens can choose whether or not they wish to participate.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Women were not citizens and therefore could not vote or have any say in the political process.
  • about 20 percent of the population of Athens were citizens.
  • In Athenian democracy, every citizen was required to participate or suffer punishment.
  • Slaves and foreigners were not citizens and also could not participate in the democracy.
  • Garth Holman on 29 Sep 15
     
    Describes the start of Athens Democracy
Kanrry K

Difference Between Direct and Representative Democracy | Difference Between | Direct vs Representative Democracy - 1 views

www.differencebetween.net/...t-and-representative-democracy

shared by Kanrry K on 07 Nov 14 - Cached
  • citizens propose, decide, and change Constitutional laws; initiate referendums; and choose and remove public officials who are not effectively doing their jobs.
  • Kanrry K on 07 Nov 14
     
    Very useful source that explains difference between direct and represen. Democracy.
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