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4.1.2 "Investigate the variety of ways in which heat can be generated and moved from one place to another. Explain the direction the heat moved." This activity can be used with gifted students by allowing them to observe another candle burning in a bowl with no water present. The students can then compare and contrast the differences in the candles and the way in which they burn, and make inferences about why they believe the candles are different. This activity can be used with older age groups in the same way. The older students may be able to light their own candles as they work in groups, while still monitoring their progress.

How cool is this! I definitely want to try it!

Can be differentiated with ELL by using primarily pictures to aid comparison. Gifted students can expand and cover more than one animal in the biome.  

Not sure how this gets differentiated, be sure to assign roles to students in groups to maximize their success. 

Very cool website.  This could be a place to discuss African American scientist, George Alcorn.  (invented the Imaging XRay Spectrometer.)  Black History Month opportunity

Extensions: This activity can connect Science to LA using a writing prompt. Adaptations:  Gifted students can write a short essay on how an animal can use a tool to solve a problem.  Teacher would allow time for research (tool-using animals at PBS.org).  ESL & Special Ed students can draw a picture of an animal using a tool to solve a problem.  Teacher would pair up students for the research phase.

5.4.2 Investigate the purpose of prototypes and models when designing a solution to a problem and how limitations in cost and design features might affect their construction. Differentiation: For special needs students to practice their life skills, give them a Wal-Mart or grocery store add and help them look up the price of one roll of aluminum foil.  Then, help them look up the price of a newspaper.  Assist students in deciding which material was more cost effective, and which material worked the best.  Take a vote on which you would use.

4.1.1 Describe and investigate the different ways in which heat can be generated.4.1.2 Investigate the variety of ways in which heat can be generated and moved from one place to another. Explain the direction the heat moved. Differentiation: For ELL students, allow them to draw their predictions and also draw which direction they think the heat is moving after testing.

Sticky Note: This would be great to add to a fourth grade social studies unit to make a topo map of the state of Indiana which includes information pertinent to the Indiana social studies unit.

Sticky Note: This would also be a great activity to attach to fractions because you have to be able to understand fractions to put the ingredients in the correct places. It could also be used in younger grades where groups are making one together or the class creates one together and discusses our responsibilities to keep the earth clean.

5.4.1 "Investigate technologies that mimic human or animal musculoskeletal systems in order to meet a need." This activity can be adapted for ELL students by allowing those students to draw pictures of their design, rather than write a paragraph or make a chart. If the students are able, they can label the parts of their picture, using the English words they know. This activity can also be adjusted for younger grades by allowing them more than one science class time to work on the project. This may be an activity that can span a few days. The activity can then be broken down into sections. The students could use one class time to ask their questions within their group, and plan what they want their product to look like. The actual design and implementation of their product can be put into place on a separate class day.

Life Science K.3.1 "Observe and draw physical features of common plants and animals." This activity can be adjusted for gifted students by allowing them to label their picture with the appropriate words for a plant. Using words such as "roots" or "xylem" would be excellent! This activity can be used for older grades by having the students compare two different celery stalks - one with water, and one without water. The students can then make a table or chart to compare and contrast the two different celery stalks.

Nature of Science Standards: Plan and carry out investigations-often over a period of several lessons-as a class, in small groups or independently; use measurement skills and apply appropriate units when collecting data; keep accurate records in a notebook during investigations and communicate findings to others using graphs, charts, maps and models through oral and written reports. This activity can be adjusted for ELL students by giving them a picture chart on which to record their data. Rather than using all words on the chart, pictures of a cup, plate, cake pan, etc. can be place on the chart, and the students can fill in the results of the distance for each picture. This activity can also be used with younger age groups by having them use other objects, such as a small ping pong ball, to throw. A bigger object may be easier for younger children to throw.

Nature of Science Standard: Make predictions and formulate testable questions; plan and carry out investigations-often over a period of several lessons-as a class, in small groups or independently; perform investigations using appropriate tools and technologies that will extend the senses; use measurement skills and apply appropriate units when collecting data; test predictions with multiple trials; keep accurate records in a notebook during investigations and communicate findings to others using graphs, charts, maps and models through oral and written reports; compare the results of an investigation with the prediction. This activity can be modified for ELL students by allowing those students to be the recorder for the group. This will allow those students to participate, without having the pressure of attempting to measure and use words they may not be comfortable with yet. Allowing these students to be the recorder keeps them involved with the group, while also allowing them to practice the English words for the numbers being recorded. This activity can also be used for younger ages by shortening the activity to throwing the ball five times, rather than ten. The act of throwing the ball make take longer for these students, as well as measuring an angle.

3.1.2 "Investigate how the loudness and pitch of sound changes when the rate of vibrations changes." This activity can be used with ELL students by having them do the activity while saying a variety of words that they need to practice learning. These words could be said in Spanish and English, both. This is a great way to use this activity in a way that is meaningful for those students. This activity can also be used with older ages by having the students record their predictions about what will happen if they use a louder voice, or a deeper pitch with the sound. The students could then compare their results with other students in the class.