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Irving, L. M. and Berel, S. R. "Comparison of Media-Literacy Programs to Strengthen College Women's Resistance to Media Images." Psychology of Women Quarterly. 25 (2001): 103-111. Wiley Online Library. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. This article is talking about the results of a study that was done among college aged women. It was to see the effects of media images on their body image. It was done with 110 undergraduate women to see what they thought about the images the media was projecting toward them and how it effects how they see themselves. It was also done to see what would help stop this from continuing to happen to these young women. Throughout the study it was shown that with the help of this "intervention" the women began to question whether or not the images were really what ideal beauty looks like. This shows that through media literacy something like this can be stopped and women can feel better about their body image.

Engeln-Maddox, Renee, and Steven A. Miller. "TALKING BACK TO THE MEDIA IDEAL: THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE CRITICAL PROCESSING OF BEAUTY IMAGES SCALE." Psychology of Women Quarterly 32.2 (2008): 159-171. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. Thin and flawless, this is beauty. According to the media the ideal female body is thin, tan, tall, and completely flawless. That is what the magazines and the movies have taught us to believe and that is what most women have been made to think. However, the research in this article shows that women are more critical of these images than previously thought. It shows that women do not accept these images as what to strive for and they realize that they are unattainable and fake.

Chambers, Karen L., and Susan M. Alexander. "MEDIA LITERACY AS AN EDUCATIONAL METHOD FOR ADDRESSING COLLEGE WOMEN'S BODY IMAGE ISSUES." Education 127.4 (2007): 490-497. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. Women are all exposed to images in the media of thin, perfect looking models and are almost always under pressure to look like them. As a result, some women develop an eating disorder to become thin like these models they see in the media. However, not all women do develop an eating disorder. This article discussed the possibility that this is because some women are taught to analyze these images and messages and so they are not as effected by them. Through this media literacy they can overcome what they are shown and they do not hurt themselves and have a healthy self image.

Harklau, Linda. "From High School to College: Student Perspectives on Literacy Practices." Journal of Literacy Research 33.1 (2001): 32-70. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. This article discribes the transition from high school to college. More specifically it discusses the transition for the women. There was a study that followed women in theirlast months of high school into their first few months of college. This study recorded the effects and emotions of the women as they readjusted to the college life.\n

Bartlett, Carol. "Seeing: Gender and Literacy." Text Quarterly 7.1 (1994): 1,4. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. This too is an article that relates gender roles to literacy. It talks about the different learning behaviors relating to male and females. It states that men enroll in school in order to achieve something, while women enrol for the sake of desire for learning. Men are said to pick up at task and master it until picking up a new one while women work with more than one task at the same time. Men and women have different learning, writing, and reading techniques from one another.\n\n

Agliata, Daniel, and Stacey Tantleff-Dunn. "THE IMPACT OF MEDIA EXPOSURE ON MALES' BODY IMAGE." Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology 23.1 (2004): 7-22. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. Most of the research done with the effects the media has on body image is done with women. However, men are also greatly effected by the media. While women are told to be thinner and smaller men are told to be stronger and bigger. Women are told to loose weight and diet while men are told to be more muscular and lift weights. In the past studies have shown that women feel the pressure to be thin because of the media. What more recent studies are showing is the increase pressure that men also feel to be more muscular.

Objective: The aims of the study were to assess whether women during the first year of college experience (1) significant weight gain; (2) a prospective relation between dietary restraint and weight gain; (3) an increase in disordered eating; and (4) a prospective relation between dietary restraint or concern about the Freshmen 15 (i.e., weight gain of 15 lbs during the freshman year of college) and disordered eating.\n\nMethod\nParticipants were 336 female students in their first year of college who completed questionnaire measures of Body Mass Index (BMI), eating disorder pathology, dietary restraint, body image, and self-esteem.\n\nResults\nParticipants' mean weight gain was approximately 3 lbs (1.5 kg), and among those who gained weight, the mean gain was 7.32 lbs (3.3 kg). Dietary restraint in September did not predict weight change in April, but participants who lost weight reported significantly greater dietary restraint than those participants who gained weight. Eating disorder symptoms increased significantly from September to April. Dietary restraint, concern about the "Freshman 15", and self-esteem in September uniquely predicted EDE-Q Weight and Shape Concern subscale scores in April.\n\nDiscussion\nFemale students in their first year of college gain a small but significant amount of weight, and weight gain was mostly unrelated to dietary restraint. Disordered eating increases during the first year of college and, is predicted by prospective dietary restraint and concerns about weight gain.

Vranceanu, Ana-Maria, Stevan E. Hobfoll, and Robert J. Johnson. "Child Multi-Type Maltreatment and Associated Depression and PTSD Symptoms: The Role of Social Support and Stress." Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal 31.1 (2007): 71-84. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 23 Nov. 2010. This study looked at the idea that numerous forms of child abuse would influence lower social support for women and a higher level of stress during adulthood, later causing depression or post-traumatic stress disorder.

Yiou, Fan, et al. "Associations between body mass index, weight control concerns and behaviors, and eating disorder symptoms among non-clinical Chineseadolescents." BMC Public Health 10.(2010): 314-325. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Although this article's data is taken from China, the data is also relevant here. A study was taken from both men and women and their body mass index. After the study the scientists reviewed that most of the adolescents scored very high in having problems or disorders. I can only conclude that here in the United States that we would have an even bigger problem than China.

Thome, Jennifer, and Dorothy L. Espelage. "Relations among exercise, coping, disordered eating, and psychological health among college students." Eating Behaviors 5.4 (2004): 337-351. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. This article talks about the negative and positive affects of exercising on men and women. It explains how the two are able to handle certain things and how it affects their mental health. It also shows the positive and negative affects on eating between the sexes. It is shown that trying to be healthy can have a bad impact on a person as well.

Hill, Terrence D., et al. "Victimization in Early Life and Mental Health in Adulthood: An Examination of the Mediating and Moderating Influences of Psychosocial Resources." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51.1 (2010): 48-63. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. Even though many studies have shown the long-term effects of childhood abuse on mental health in adulthood, not many have actually proven this to be true. Low-income black and Hispanic low-income women with children living in major cities in the U.S. were studied and no concrete signs of physical assault were shown in relation to their low self-esteem.

Delinsky, Sherrie S. and G. Terence Wilson. "Weight gain, dietary restraint, and disordered eating in the freshman year of college." Eating Behaviors 9.1 (2008), 82-90. Eating disorders, lack in proper dietary intake, and skipping meals is an ongoing trend in the college freshman women. This article wants to find the link between these and the disorders that are coming cross these women. This experiment was conducted through questionnaires and by weighing the participants. By measuring the BMI from when they first met in beginning of the year and the end of the year the expirementer was able to come up with several conclusions and theories.

College men report that they want women to drink less. I suggest that, if this article is of interest to you, you seek out the original study from Loyola Marymount University.

Wright, Margaret O'Dougherty, Emily Crawford, and Darren Del Castillo. "Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Later Psychological Distress among College Students: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Schemas." Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal 33.1 (2009): 59-68. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 23 Nov. 2010. It is believed that if exposed to abuse and neglect during childhood it could possibly affect one's relationships with others throughout their life and also it can affect one's self-image of themselves (i.e. low self-esteem). Questionnaires were completed by 301 college men and women, nearly 50 percent of both. They answered questions that dealt with their experiences and what they witnessed as children and if they have been affected by it both physically and psychologically.

Gambell, Trevor J., and Darryl M. Hunter. "Rethinking Gender Differences in Literacy." Canadian Journal of Education 24.1 (1999): 1-16. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. This source provides explanations for why there are differences in literacy for genders. It gives five 5 reasons as to why these differences occur. These reasons are the following: evaluative bias, home socialization, role and societal expectations, male psychology, and equity policy. These five reasons explain why males begin ahead of females, but by the time school ended the gaps closed and women out performed males.

Hayes, Elisabeth, and Jennifer Hopkins. "Gender and Literacy Learning: Implications for Research in Adult Literacy Education." (1996): ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. This article is also a research article about adult literacy. It touches base on gender roles as it applies to literacy. It establishes that the lack of focus on gender roles and literacy effects the success in that area of knowledge. It states that the development between women and men is different pertaining to literacy, menaing it is an unequal development. Lack of attention on this issue and resistence to accept this social role causes problems when learning about writing.

Hammer, Tonya R. "Controlling Images, Media, and Women's Development: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 4.3 (2009): 202-216. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. From a young age children, especially girls are told or shown what is acceptable for them to look like. The main forms they are shown this is through movies, television, and advertising. Advertising in particular starts at a young age forming children's opinions of what is normal. This is true for both men and women. They are shown this specifically through stereotypes of each gender to form what they should look like, act like, and with whom they should befriend.

Lorenzi, Maria , Amy J. McMillan, Linda S. Siegel, Bruno D. Zumbo, Victor Glickman, John J. Spinelli, Karen J. Goddard, Sheila L. Pritchard,Paul C. Rogers, and Mary L. McBride. "Educational outcomes among survivors of childhood cancer in British Columbia, Canada." Cancer 115 (2003): n. pag. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. The article discusses the icreased rate of cancer surviors. Which is leading to an increased rate in educational difficulities. Many of those survivors had trouble in reading specifically. This study also shows that women have a higher increased risk for learning disiblites.

Hoogenboom, Barbara, Jennifer Morris, and Chad Morris. "Nutritional Knowledge and Eating Behaviors of Female, Collegiate Swimmers." North American Journal of Physical Therapy 4.3 (2009): 139-48. Pub Med Central. The Sports Physical Therapy Section of the American Physical Therapy Association, 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. . bababababbababab

This Article is about how scholars would always focused on males and their math skill but overlook females. They look into why famales have diadvantages come about and how it keeps increasing but they also are good at certin maths. You will see the contrast between the males and females.