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Nate Scheibe

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae - 1 views

www.cdc.gov/...mm62e0305.pdf

drug resistance carbapenem

shared by Nate Scheibe on 05 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Nate Scheibe on 05 Mar 13
     
    Here is a new MMWR on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Casey Finnerty

Baby With H.I.V. Is Reported Cured - NYTimes.com - 1 views

www.nytimes.com/...-cured-of-hiv-doctors-say.html

HIV microbiology virology immunity

shared by Casey Finnerty on 07 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • If the report is confirmed, the child born in Mississippi would be only the second well-documented case of a cure in the world
  • Typically a newborn with an infected mother would be given one or two drugs as a prophylactic measure. But Dr. Gay said that based on her experience, she almost immediately used a three-drug regimen aimed at treatment, not prophylaxis, not even waiting for the test results confirming infection.
  • Virus levels rapidly declined with treatment and were undetectable by the time the baby was a month old. That remained the case until the baby was 18 months old, after which the mother stopped coming to the hospital and stopped giving the drugs.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Dr. Gay contacted Dr. Katherine Luzuriaga, an immunologist at the University of Massachusetts,
  • Dr. Steven Deeks, professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, said if the reservoir never established itself, then he would not call it a true cure, though this was somewhat a matter of semantics. “Was there enough time for a latent reservoir, the true barrier to cure, to establish itself?” he said.
  • One hypothesis is that the drugs killed off the virus before it could establish a hidden reservoir in the baby.
  • They found tiny amounts of some viral genetic material but no virus able to replicate, even lying dormant in so-called reservoirs in the body.
  • “For pediatrics, this is our Timothy Brown,” said Dr. Deborah Persaud, associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center and lead author of the report on the baby. “It’s proof of principle that we can cure H.I.V. infection if we can replicate this case.”
  • Dr. Hannah B. Gay, an associate professor of pediatrics,
  • The results have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.
  • The baby, born in rural Mississippi, was treated aggressively with antiretroviral drugs starting around 30 hours after birth, something that is not usually done. If further study shows this works in other babies, it will almost certainly be recommended globally.
  • those reports and this new one could suggest there is something different about babies’ immune systems, said Dr. Joseph McCune of the University of California, San Francisco.
  • the results could lead to a new protocol for quickly testing and treating infants.
Casey Finnerty

The Virus That Learns - Phenomena: The Loom - 0 views

phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/...the-virus-that-learns

microbiology CRISPR

shared by Casey Finnerty on 07 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Likewise, restriction enzymes are a dangerous defense, because they can chop up the distinctive stretches of DNA in a bacterium’s own genes. It avoids attacking itself by capping those sequences in its own DNA, so that the restriction enzymes can’t reach them.
  • Some species can muck up the production of new viruses, stealing their proteins before they can form shells. Others commit suicide upon infection, so as to avoid becoming an incubator for new viruses that would then kill their nearby relatives.
  • CRISPR genes can produce RNA molecules with a matching sequence. They grab onto the virus’s RNA and prevent them from being turned into proteins. The virus factory grinds to a halt.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The bacteria hold onto an invading virus’s DNA, so that they are now prepared for a fresh attack. And over time, bacteria can build up little libraries of these virus barcodes. 
  • Last year, scientists at Indiana University surveyed the bacteria in people’s mouths and discovered 8,000 different viral barcodes–many of them corresponding to viruses scientists have yet to discover.
  • But if you build up a healthy store of antibodies to various strains of flu, smallpox, and other diseases, all that knowledge dies with you.
  • Not so for bacteria. When a microbe reproduces, it passes down its CRISPR genes and all of their viral barcodes to its descendants–including the ones it acquired in its own lifetime.
  • Last fall, for example, University of Cambridge scientists discovered viruses that carry an antidote for the suicide toxin made by their hosts. When the bacteria want to die, the virus forces them to live on. And just last month, University of Toronto scientists even discovered anti-CRISPR genes in viruses, which the viruses use to shut down the production of virus-killing molecules.
  • the scientists demonstrated that the ICP1 virus uses its CRISPR immune system to attack its host’s virus-attacking genes.
Whitney Hopfauf

Kala-azar treatment failing in Nepal - 2 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130228103337.htm

microbiology resistance

shared by Whitney Hopfauf on 06 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • When Miltefosine was first introduced as part of a regional campaign in the Indian subcontinent for kala-azar elimination a decade ago, the drug proved to be very effective
  • so far no Miltefosine-resistant parasites were detected in patients
  • super-parasites
Casey Finnerty

Infections With 'Nightmare Bacteria' Are On The Rise In U.S. Hospitals : Shots - Health... - 1 views

www.npr.org/...e-on-the-rise-in-u-s-hospitals

microbiology antibiotic resistance CRE

shared by Casey Finnerty on 05 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, or CRE
  • "They're basically a triple threat."
  • they are resistant to virtually all antibiotics
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Infectious disease specialist Dr. Brad Spellberg, of the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, likens the situation to the Titanic's ill-fated voyage. "We're not talking about an iceberg that's down the line," he says. "The ship has hit the iceberg. We're taking on water. We already have people dying. Not only of CRE, but of untreatable CRE."
  • "If CRE spreads out of hospitals and into communities, that's when the ship is totally underwater and we all drown," Spellberg says.
loryn_micro

Researchers find avian virus may be harmful to cancer cells | Science Codex - 0 views

www.sciencecodex.com/harmful_to_cancer_cells-109972

shared by loryn_micro on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • loryn_micro on 01 May 13
     
    Interesting study on the possibility of using the Newcastle disease virus to treat prostate cancer. They modified the virus so that it replicates only in the presence of an active prostate-specific antigen. There are only mild side effects in humans although this is a fatal disease in domestic birds (I remember one of the former companies I worked for working on this vaccine for birds).
Megan Goldman

BMC Microbiology | Full text | Molecular characterization of multiresistant E... - 0 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...84

shared by Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13
     
    The prevalence and type of plasmids, resistance genes and integrons carried by two collections of multiresistant E. coli producing or not extended-spectrum β-lactamases have been compared. Rep-PCR was used to determine the clonal relationship of the organisms. Plasmids were classified according to their incompatibility.
Megan Goldman

BMC Microbiology | Full text | Cultivation conditions and the diffusion of oxygen into ... - 0 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...9

shared by Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13
     
    Bacterial cultivation requires consideration of three things: The bacterial strain, cultivation medium, and cultivation conditions. Most microbiologists dutifully report their choice of strains and cultivation media in manuscripts; however, these same microbiologists often overlook reporting cultivation conditions. Without this information, it is difficult to determine if cultures were grown aerobically, microaerobically, or anaerobically.
Megan Goldman

A framework for human microbiome research : Nature : Nature Publishing Group - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nature11209.html

shared by Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13
     
    A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. An ambitious article found in another article I enjoyed reading. Was incredibly interested to find out that the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women was significantly different from non-pregnant and to find that these microbiota are preparing the soon to be born baby with it's own microbiota!! (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/science/studies-of-human-microbiome-yield-new-insights.html?ref=microbiology)
Megan Goldman

Starmerella bombicola influences the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at pyruvate... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3295710

shared by Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13
     
    Read an article on a fermentation guru (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/dining/fermentation-guru-helps-chefs-find-new-flavors.html?pagewanted=2&ref=microbiology), so was interested in finding an article on fermentation and found this article on the fermentation of wine mixing species of yeasts and the benefits. The use of a multistarter fermentation process with S. cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts has been proposed to simulate natural must fermentation and to confer greater complexity and specificity to wine. The advantage of this process is to simulate a spontaneous process avoiding the risks of stuck fermentation. Furthermore, non-Saccharomyces wine strains could have some specific enological characteristics that are absent in S. cerevisiae species, leading to combined, synergic and/or additive effects on the final wine.
Megan Goldman

Hyperstability and Substrate Promiscuity in Laboratory Resurrections of Preca... - 0 views

pubs.acs.org/...ja311630a

shared by Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13
     
    This is the article of my last post, I obviously understand the two last posts count as one as they are the same topic. I simply wanted supplementary information for both since you cannot see this full text and the previous post was from .net.
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