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Richard Herron

Braconidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

  • Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses.
  • he DNA of the wasp actually contains portions that are the templates for the components of the viral particles and they are assembled in an organ in the female's abdomen known as the calyx.
  • Because of this highly modified system of host immunosuppression it is not surprising that there is a high level of parasitoid-host specificity. It is this specificity that makes Braconids a very powerful and important biological control agent.
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    My husband was telling me about this yesterday. He heard about it on reddit but he couldn't remember which kind of bug it was.
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    That's actually where I found it the other night. It was a very interesting read to say the least.
Whitney Hopfauf

China: Reports of bird flu in humans reach 60 - CNN.com - 1 views

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    This is so scary. I am always wary when China says, "Don't worry everything is under control". China was criticized during the SARS outbreak for failing to release information. If bird flu ever gains the ability to spread from human to human, we have a very bad situation.
Jenna Veldhuizen

Fighting disease from within the mosquito: New techniques to help halt the spread of di... - 0 views

  • When infected with the bacteria Wolbachia, mosquitoes are unable to spread viruses such as dengue
  • by introducing an insecticide resistance gene alongside the Wolbachia bacteria into the mosquito, that the insects pass on the disease-blocking bacteria to other mosquitoes faster
  • Our results show that Wolbachia-based strategies could hold the key to a cheap and sustainable approach to disease control
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    This in an interesting application in slowing the spread of diseases such as dengue and yellow fever, but one also has to wonder what this will do to the mosquito population as it reduces the mosquito's ability to lay viable eggs. How controlled will this application be and how often will it be utilized?
Alletia DeMartino

Human brain cells developed in lab, grow in mice - 0 views

  • The researchers generated and transplanted a type of human nerve-cell progenitor called the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cell, in experiments describe
  • The researchers generated and transplanted a type of human nerve-cell progenitor called the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cel
  • Kriegstein sees MGE cells as a potential treatment to better control nerve circuits that become overactive in certain neurological disorders.
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  • Kriegstein sees MGE cells as a potential treatment to better control nerve circuits that become overactive in certain neurological disorders.
  • , the human MGE-like cells survived within the rodent forebrain, integrated into the brain by forming connections with rodent nerve cells, and matured into specialized subtypes of interneurons.
  • To generate MGE cells in the lab, the researchers reliably directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells -- either human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human skin
  • unlimited potential to become any human cell type.
  • To generate MGE cells in the lab, the researchers reliably directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells -- either human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human skin.
  • These findings may serve as a model to study human diseases in which mature interneurons malfunction,
  • These findings may serve as a model to study human diseases in which
  • mature interneurons malfunction,
  • Nicholas utilized key growth factors and other molecules to direct the derivation and maturation of the human MGE-like interneurons
  • Nicholas utilized key growth factors and other molecules to direct the derivation and maturation of the human MGE-like interneurons. He timed the delivery of these fa
  • "The hope is that we can deliver these cells to various places within the nervous system that have been overactive and that they will functionally integrate and provide regulated inhibition," Nicholas said.
  • The researchers also plan to develop MGE cells from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from skin cells of individuals with autism, epilepsy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, in order to investigate how the development and function of interneurons might become abnormal -- creating a lab-dish model of disease.
  • One mystery and challenge to both the clinical and pre-clinical study of human MGE cells is that they develop at a slower, human pace, reflecting an "intrinsic clock." In fast-developing mice, the human MGE-like cells still took seven to nine months to form interneuron subtypes that normally are present near birth.
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    pretty interesting that there wasnt rejection from the mice immune system. very cool for furthering research 
Casey Finnerty

Parasites Practicing Mind Control - NYTimes.com - 0 views

  • Now a new study suggests that Toxoplasma can turn its host’s genes on and off — and it’s possible other parasites use this strategy, too.
Casey Finnerty

Yeast Infection Led to Removal of Transplanted Uterus - The New York Times - 0 views

  • The infection was caused by a fungus, a type of yeast called Candida albicans
  • It is normally found in the vagina, living in balance with bacteria and other microbes. But illness or some medications can disrupt the balance, allowing for a problematic overgrowth of the yeasts.
  • The surgeons said that since yeasts normally inhabit the genital tract, they could have come from either the donor or the recipient.
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  • But in transplant recipients, yeast infections can be hard to control, because the drugs that prevent rejection also prevent the immune system from fighting the infection. If a yeast infection spreads into the bloodstream, it can be extremely difficult to treat, and can be fatal.
  • Doctors rushed Ms. McFarland into surgery and discovered that an infection — they did not know then what kind — had extended into an artery they had connected to provide blood flow to the uterus. It had damaged the vessel and caused clots. The transplant had to be removed immediately. A week later, Ms. McFarland needed another operation, to treat more bleeding.
  • Once the cause of the infection was identified, she was treated with antifungal medicines. With the transplant removed, she was able to stop taking antirejection drugs and give her immune system a chance to recover and help control the infection.
  • She spent about five weeks in the hospital. Dr. Tzakis said she was still taking antifungal medicine, but was well.
  • The goal of the surgery is to make pregnancy and childbirth possible for women who were born without a uterus or lack one because of illness or injury.
  • They said they were considering various options, like using antifungal medicines preventively and washing the tissues of both the donor and recipient to reduce the risk of infection.
  • The only successful uterus transplants have been performed in Sweden, at the University of Gothenburg. Nine women have had the transplants there, and five have given birth.
  • Two of the nine transplants failed during the first year after the surgery and had to be removed
  • the other because of a bacterial infection.
  • Unlike the Cleveland team, doctors in Sweden used live uterus donors rather than cadavers for the transplants.
  • He also said that the Baylor team had adjusted its screening procedures to take into account possible exposure to the Zika virus
Casey Finnerty

'We Have a Limited Window of Opportunity': CDC Warns of Resistance 'Nightmare' | Wired ... - 0 views

  • “We have a very serious problem, and we need to sound an alarm.”
  • Healthcare institutions in 42 states have now identified at least one case of CRE. The occurrence of this resistance in the overall family of bacteria has risen at least four-fold over 10 years. In the CDC’s surveillance networks, 4.6 percent of hospitals and 17.8 percent of long-term care facilities diagnosed this bug in the first half of 2012.
  • CRE stands for “carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.” Enterobacteriaceae are a family of more than 70 bacteria which share the characteristic of being gut-dwelling (“entero”)
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  • the CDC reviewed six steps that they first published last year in a CRE Toolkit and want health care facilities to take:
  • But an important point is that none of this is required, and none of this is funded.
  • There are no reimbursements, under Medicare, for infection-control as a hospital task
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    This article does a good job summarizing this week's announcement by the CDC director on the gravity of the CRE problem.
Elijah Velasquez

New insights into how genes turn on and off - 0 views

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    Genetics Researchers at UC Davis and the University of British Columbia have shed new light on methylation, a critical process that helps control how genes are expressed. Working with placentas, the team discovered that 37 percent of the placental genome has regions of lower methylation, called partially methylated domains (PMDs), in which gene expression is turned off. Studying of the placenta is particularly interesting because the placenta has invasive characteristics associated with cancer. Increasing our knowledge about PMDs can help determine which genes are silenced and where specific DNA originated.
Casey Finnerty

Malaria and HIV Spike as Greece Cuts Healthcare Spending - Michael Scaturro - The Atlantic - 0 views

  • "After mosquito spraying programs were cut, we've seen a return of malaria, which the country has kept under control for the past four decades. New HIV infections have jumped more than 200 percent," he noted.
  • "Greece is an example of perhaps the worst case of austerity leading to public health disasters," Mr. Stuckler explained in a telephone interview.
  • HIV spiked because government needle exchange programs ran out of clean syringes for heroin addicts. By Stuckler's estimate, the average Greek junkie requires 200 clean needles in a given year. "But now they're only getting three a year each," Stuckler said.
Megan Rasmussen

Scientists Use Nature Against Nature to Develop an Antibiotic With Reduced Resistance - 0 views

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    Researchers have applied knowledge about bacteria phages in order to develop a new antibiotic. They studied the enzyme 2-epimerase, which controls the formation Bacillus anthracis cell wall. Researchers used an inhibitory molecule that would bind to the allosteric site* site of this enzyme. They tested this antibiotic called Epimerox in mice infected with Ballcillus anthracis and found that it protected the mice from anthrax. It also showed that the bacteria did not develop a resistance to this inhibitory molecule. Although this is just a start, it could change so much in the quest for effective antibiotics!
loryn_micro

Contact killing of Salmonella by human fecal bacteria - 0 views

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    Researchers have recently found a novel mode of interaction between Salmonella, a foodborne pathogen, and the bacteria that live in our guts. Fecal bacteria collected from healthy donors effectively inactivated Salmonella, when they were allowed close contact. Mathematical modelling of this interaction is now being used to find new ways of controlling Salmonella.
Emma Radzak

First vaccine to help control some autism symptoms - 0 views

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    A vaccine to combat the microorganism C. bolteae may be the solution for alleviating digestion symptoms often associated with autism. Children with autism have been known to have higher levels of this organism than that of a healthy child. It is assumed that toxins produced by the C. bolteae may be associated with severe symptoms that autistic children typically have, such as diarrhea. I found it ironic that many people still think that vaccines cause autism, and here is a vaccine to assist in alleviating the digestive symptoms associated with it.
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    A vaccine to combat the microorganism C. bolteae may be the solution for alleviating digestion symptoms often associated with autism. Children with autism have been known to have higher levels of this organism than that of a healthy child. It is assumed that toxins produced by the C. bolteae may be associated with severe symptoms that autistic children typically have, such as diarrhea. I found it ironic that many people still think that vaccines cause autism, and here is a vaccine to assist in alleviating the digestive symptoms associated with it.
Megan Goldman

A framework for human microbiome research : Nature : Nature Publishing Group - 0 views

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    A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. An ambitious article found in another article I enjoyed reading. Was incredibly interested to find out that the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women was significantly different from non-pregnant and to find that these microbiota are preparing the soon to be born baby with it's own microbiota!! (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/science/studies-of-human-microbiome-yield-new-insights.html?ref=microbiology)
Charles Bach

Denmark's Noma loses world restaurant crown after outbreak - 0 views

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    Good food doesn't mean good infection control!!
Megan Goldman

Preliminary Characterisation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-10 Response... - 0 views

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    Bernhard Kaltenboeck, Editor Abstract Debilitating infectious diseases caused by Chlamydia are major contributors to the decline of Australia's iconic native marsupial species, the koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus). An understanding of koala chlamydial disease pathogenesis and the development of effective strategies to control infections continue to be hindered by an almost complete lack of species-specific immunological reagents.
Whitney Hopfauf

Electron-beam pasteurization of raw oysters may reduce viral food poisoning - 0 views

  • FDA already has approved the use of electron beam technology as a pathogen intervention strategy to control the naturally occurring Vibrio vulnificus bacterial pathogen in shellfish.
    • Whitney Hopfauf
       
      Good that it has already been approved by the FDA... step in the right direction
  • Praveen said she and the other researchers also chose the viral pathogens as opposed to bacterial as they were more difficult to treat and also require a host species.
  • if a serving size of 12 raw oysters were contaminated with approximately 100 hepatitis A and human noroviruses, an e-beam dose of 5 kGy (kilograys) would achieve a 91 percent reduction of hepatitis A infection risks and a 26 percent reduction of norovirus infection risks.
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    • Whitney Hopfauf
       
      Pretty significant except it still doesn't make me want to eat raw shellfish
  • how electron-beam pasteurization of raw oysters may reduce the possibility of food poisoning through virus.
  • results of this study will be published in the June
  • using a human norovirus surrogate called murine norovirus
  • uses commercial electricity
  • green technology because no chemicals are involved."
Abdirizak Abdi

Researchers Find Immunity Protein That Ramps Up Inflammation, and Agents That Can Block It - 0 views

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    Scientist have a found innate protein that increases inflammation and,agents that block it, resulting in increased in survival and improved lung function in animal models pneumonia. "The F-box protein Fbxo3, and other related proteins, represent ideal targets for treatment of acute lung injury, because it controls the innate immune response, is upstream of important inflammatory signaling pathways, and is more selective than traditional drugs that regulate protein turnover" noted Mark T Gladwin M.D., chief of the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pitt School of Medicine.
Alletia DeMartino

Activity of cancer inducing genes can be controlled by the cell's skeleton - 0 views

  • n the latest issue of the journal Oncogene, Florence Janody and her team at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC, Portugal), identified a novel mechanism by which the activity of Src is limited by the cell's skeleton (cytoskeleton) limiting the development of tumours.
  • ble to stop the tumour development induced by the high activity of Src through the genetic manipulation of the cytoskeleton in fly tissues
  • showed that the development of tumours is stopped in the presence of high levels of the actin Capping Protein.
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  • Although the precise molecular mechanism is still unknown, the hypothesis raised by these scientists is that the "tuner" creates a tension in the cables of the cytoskeleton that impedes the action of these proteins
  • The cytoskeleton works as a "barbwire" network.
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    WOW! random discoveries are being made every day. Makes you wonder when the cure will come!
Jenna Veldhuizen

Assembly of a protein degradation machine could lead to treatments in cancer, neurologi... - 0 views

  • Scientists believe that disruption of two key particles—and consequently a proteasome's ability to work correctly—has implications for cancers as well as various neurological degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases.
  • "In the assembly process there is only one tail that actually determines how the core particle and regulatory particle bind together," Roelofs said. "That's surprising because there are six tails, but only one is needed to give specificity, and the docking into the pocket is controlled by the chaperone."
  • the findings may reveal new targets for anticancer drugs
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