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Alletia DeMartino

Human brain cells developed in lab, grow in mice - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130503230313.htm

shared by Alletia DeMartino on 07 May 13 - No Cached
  • The researchers generated and transplanted a type of human nerve-cell progenitor called the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cell, in experiments describe
  • The researchers generated and transplanted a type of human nerve-cell progenitor called the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cel
  • Kriegstein sees MGE cells as a potential treatment to better control nerve circuits that become overactive in certain neurological disorders.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Kriegstein sees MGE cells as a potential treatment to better control nerve circuits that become overactive in certain neurological disorders.
  • , the human MGE-like cells survived within the rodent forebrain, integrated into the brain by forming connections with rodent nerve cells, and matured into specialized subtypes of interneurons.
  • To generate MGE cells in the lab, the researchers reliably directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells -- either human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human skin
  • unlimited potential to become any human cell type.
  • To generate MGE cells in the lab, the researchers reliably directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells -- either human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human skin.
  • These findings may serve as a model to study human diseases in which mature interneurons malfunction,
  • These findings may serve as a model to study human diseases in which
  • mature interneurons malfunction,
  • Nicholas utilized key growth factors and other molecules to direct the derivation and maturation of the human MGE-like interneurons
  • Nicholas utilized key growth factors and other molecules to direct the derivation and maturation of the human MGE-like interneurons. He timed the delivery of these fa
  • "The hope is that we can deliver these cells to various places within the nervous system that have been overactive and that they will functionally integrate and provide regulated inhibition," Nicholas said.
  • The researchers also plan to develop MGE cells from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from skin cells of individuals with autism, epilepsy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, in order to investigate how the development and function of interneurons might become abnormal -- creating a lab-dish model of disease.
  • One mystery and challenge to both the clinical and pre-clinical study of human MGE cells is that they develop at a slower, human pace, reflecting an "intrinsic clock." In fast-developing mice, the human MGE-like cells still took seven to nine months to form interneuron subtypes that normally are present near birth.
  • Alletia DeMartino on 07 May 13
     
    pretty interesting that there wasnt rejection from the mice immune system. very cool for furthering research 
Whitney Hopfauf

Could new flu spark global flu pandemic? New bird flu strain seen adapting to mammals, ... - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130412192402.htm

pandemic humans virology influenza

shared by Whitney Hopfauf on 16 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • "The human isolates, but not the avian and environmental ones, have a protein mutation that allows for efficient growth in human cells and that also allows them to grow at a temperature that corresponds to the upper respiratory tract of humans, which is lower than you find in birds,
    • Whitney Hopfauf
      Whitney Hopfauf on 30 Apr 13
       
      These are the same researchers who did the infamous bird flu study that was temporarily banned
  • new virus has sickened at least 33 people, killing nine.
  • ...4 more annotations...
    • Whitney Hopfauf
      Whitney Hopfauf on 30 Apr 13
       
      This is so concerning... and yet it seems that the general population is oblivious to the implications of this virus
  • majority of the viruses in the study -- from both humans and birds -- display mutations in the surface protein hemagglutinin, which the pathogen uses to bind to host cells.
  • The same mutation, Kawaoka notes, lets the avian virus thrive in the cooler temperatures of the human upper respiratory system
  • the new strain could be treated with another clinically relevant antiviral drug, oseltamivir.
  • Jenna Veldhuizen on 16 Apr 13
     
    Genetic sequencing of the current H7N9 outbreak in China has revealed the ability of the virus to adapt to a human host
Whitney Hopfauf

China: Reports of bird flu in humans reach 60 - CNN.com - 1 views

www.cnn.com/...china-bird-flu

flu humans virus

shared by Whitney Hopfauf on 15 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Whitney Hopfauf on 15 Apr 13
     
    This is so scary. I am always wary when China says, "Don't worry everything is under control". China was criticized during the SARS outbreak for failing to release information. If bird flu ever gains the ability to spread from human to human, we have a very bad situation.
Megan Goldman

A framework for human microbiome research : Nature : Nature Publishing Group - 0 views

www.nature.com/...nature11209.html

shared by Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13
     
    A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. An ambitious article found in another article I enjoyed reading. Was incredibly interested to find out that the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women was significantly different from non-pregnant and to find that these microbiota are preparing the soon to be born baby with it's own microbiota!! (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/science/studies-of-human-microbiome-yield-new-insights.html?ref=microbiology)
Jeremiah Williamson

2 dead in China from unusual bird flu strain - CNN.com - 0 views

www.cnn.com/...index.html

shared by Jeremiah Williamson on 02 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Jeremiah Williamson on 02 Apr 13
     
    The article shows a new strain of bird flu H7N9.  The virus has a hard time infecting humans, but for every one human infected there are thousands of birds infected.  This strain is less harmful than H5N1, but still one death has been reported.
Alison Prodzinski

How Pigs on Antibiotics Are Making Superbugs Stronger | Popular Science - 0 views

www.popsci.com/...-are-making-superbugs-stronger

shared by Alison Prodzinski on 28 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • new research suggests it’s the animals, and the drugs we feed them
  • MRSA started out as a drug-defeatable bug and then transferred into the pig population, where it developed resistance to two common forms of antibiotics
  • “[It’s] like watching the birth of a superbug,”
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • humans have supplied a strong force through the excessive use of antibiotic drugs in farm animal production,
  • Alison Prodzinski on 28 Mar 13
     
    MSRA could be defeated when first discovered. However, it was transferred to the pig population and went crazy after that. Humans over immunize animals and make super-bugs from inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics.  New tests are being done with bacteria being injected into other hosts - which then can be used to kill MRSA. This method could find new and natural antibiotics that could fight various forms of drug-resistant superbugs!
Samantha Mishall

New bird flu show signs of direct jump to humans - 0 views

ca.news.yahoo.com/ect-jump-humans-234733728.html

shared by Samantha Mishall on 08 May 13 - No Cached
  • Samantha Mishall on 08 May 13
     
    This is the last thing we need! Another strain of bird-to-human transmitted virus, and researcher believe this could be the worst one yet. While research on this virus is still being conducted in China, there is already strong evidence that this could be the next big flu outbreak.
Charles Bach

Immune response to B19 parvovirus and an antibody defect in persistent viral infection. - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC329767

shared by Charles Bach on 03 May 13 - No Cached
  • Charles Bach on 03 May 13
     
    Study about the B19 Parvovirus in humans. This virus does not infect dogs or cats and is limited to humans. It is only transmitted between humans. Symptoms are also very different than the CPV virus in canines.
Katelyn Madigan

'Quadruple helix' DNA discovered in human cells - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130120150033.htm

DNA quadruple helix

shared by Katelyn Madigan on 07 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • our-stranded 'quadruple helix' DNA structures -- known as G-quadruplexes
  • rich in the building block guanine
  • over 10 years investigation by scientists to show these complex structures in vivo -- in living human cells
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  • quadruplexes are more likely to occur in genes of cells that are rapidly dividing, such as cancer cells.
  • quadruplex DNA is found fairly consistently throughout the genome of human cells and their division cycles
  • Katelyn Madigan on 07 Feb 13
     
    A better understanding of DNA structure, as well as other factors at the molecular level, have tremendous clinical implications. A personalized inhibitory mechanism for proliferating cancer cells looks like a promising approach for cancer treatments.
Tyrell Varner

Avian virus may be harmful to cancer cells - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130408142644.htm

virus cancer

shared by Tyrell Varner on 09 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • We modified the virus so that it replicates only in the presence of an active prostate-specific antigen and, therefore, is highly specific to prostate cancer. We also tested its efficacy in a tumor model in vitro," Subbiah said. "The recombinant virus efficiently and specifically killed prostate cancer cells, while sparing normal human cells in the laboratory, but it would take time for this to move from the discovery phase to a treatment for prostate cancer patients."
  • Tyrell Varner on 09 Apr 13
     
    They are looking for commercial entities that are interested in licensing the technology for human clinical trials and treatment. In addition, the researchers have also received a National Institutes of Health exploratory grant to develop the cell type-specific disease virus for several other types of cancer cells, including breast, pancreas, brain, prostate, and multiple myeloma. Although, it will work most effectively in prostate cancer.
Whitney Hopfauf

Gene data show China bird flu mutated 'under the radar' | Fox News - 0 views

www.foxnews.com/...a-bird-flu-mutated-under-radar

bird flu microbiology

shared by Whitney Hopfauf on 20 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Whitney Hopfauf on 20 Apr 13
     
    This is so scary. It is only a matter of time before bird flu is able to spread to humans....
Jeremiah Williamson

Cold Plasma Kills Bacteria Better Than Antibiotics : Discovery News - 0 views

news.discovery.com/...ia-better-than-antibiotics.htm

shared by Jeremiah Williamson on 26 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Jeremiah Williamson on 26 Apr 13
     
    If we could somehow find a way to work in on humans this could be huge. Many burn victims and other people with wound infections could be save from deadly bacteria, and without some of the harmful side effects of antibiotics.
saraeberhardt

WHO: New Flu Passes More Easily from Bird to Human | TIME.com - 0 views

healthland.time.com/...more-easily-from-bird-to-human

flu bird microbiology

shared by saraeberhardt on 29 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • saraeberhardt on 29 Apr 13
     
    H7N9 strain that is capable of spreading quicker than the H5N1 strain. 100 people in China have been affected and killed more than 20. Doesn't immediately cause the noticeable symptoms like most flu strains would, making it difficult to monitor. 
Whitney Hopfauf

Electron-beam pasteurization of raw oysters may reduce viral food poisoning - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130430151648.htm

raw food poisoning

shared by Whitney Hopfauf on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • FDA already has approved the use of electron beam technology as a pathogen intervention strategy to control the naturally occurring Vibrio vulnificus bacterial pathogen in shellfish.
    • Whitney Hopfauf
      Whitney Hopfauf on 30 Apr 13
       
      Good that it has already been approved by the FDA... step in the right direction
  • Praveen said she and the other researchers also chose the viral pathogens as opposed to bacterial as they were more difficult to treat and also require a host species.
  • if a serving size of 12 raw oysters were contaminated with approximately 100 hepatitis A and human noroviruses, an e-beam dose of 5 kGy (kilograys) would achieve a 91 percent reduction of hepatitis A infection risks and a 26 percent reduction of norovirus infection risks.
  • ...6 more annotations...
    • Whitney Hopfauf
      Whitney Hopfauf on 30 Apr 13
       
      Pretty significant except it still doesn't make me want to eat raw shellfish
  • how electron-beam pasteurization of raw oysters may reduce the possibility of food poisoning through virus.
  • results of this study will be published in the June
  • using a human norovirus surrogate called murine norovirus
  • uses commercial electricity
  • green technology because no chemicals are involved."
Tyrell Varner

New device can extract human DNA with full genetic data in minutes - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130506132100.htm

genome sequencing

shared by Tyrell Varner on 06 May 13 - No Cached
  • The device will give hospitals and research labs a much easier way to separate DNA from human fluid samples, which will help with genome sequencing, disease diagnosis and forensic investigations.
Alletia DeMartino

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Turns Protein Into a Virulence Factor in One Easy Step - 0 views

www.infectioncontroltoday.com/...e-factor-in-one-easy-step.aspx

shared by Alletia DeMartino on 09 May 13 - No Cached
  • To infect its host, the respiratory pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa takes an ordinary protein usually involved in making other proteins and adds three small molecules to turn it into a key for gaining access to human cells.
  • P. aeruginosa, one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
  • P. aeruginosa mostly uses this protein called elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) inside the cel
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • but she and her collaborators have learned that as a virulence factor, it could represent a vulnerability for the bacterium
  • EF-Tu is presumed to be an essential protein, and it's performing these moonlighting functions as well. If we figured out how it was doing that, we could devise strategies to inhibit it," says Goldberg.
  • acquired pneumonia and is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients whose airways have been damaged by ventilation, trauma, or other infections.
  • P. aeruginosa takes
  • the protein EF-Tu, which was generally thought to exist only inside the cell, and decorates the exterior of the cell with it, but in a modified form.
  • EF-Tu is modified somehow to mimic ChoP, allowing P. aeruginosa to enjoy the benefits of ChoP.
  • , ChoP carries out a crucial step for setting up an infection for a number of different types of respiratory pathogens.
  • Using a host of techniques, including mass spectrometry, site directed mutagenesis of key residues in the protein, and genetic loss of function/gain of function studies, they found that P. aeruginosa only makes small changes to EF-Tu to get it to mimic this powerful ligand. P. aeruginosa transfers three methyl groups to a lysine on EF-Tu, giving it a structure similar to ChoP and allowing it to fit in the PAFR receptor in the way ChoP does.
  • "It allows [P. aeruginosa] to adhere to the cells and invade,"
  • "Its interaction with humans is accidental. It's an opportunist. The fact that it has this novel modification on this protein that is inherent in the bacterium that enables it to attach and persist and cause disease is exciting,"
  • Alletia DeMartino on 09 May 13
     
    Interesting!! however, very scary. It just keeps modifying itself and being more virulent. what's next?!
Megan Rasmussen

Protein complex in human breast milk can help reverse antibiotic resistance - 0 views

www.news-medical.net/...rse-antibiotic-resistance.aspx

microbiology resistance antibiotic

shared by Megan Rasmussen on 05 May 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Rasmussen on 05 May 13
     
    This complex was tested and found to make resistant bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics!
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