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Conclusion: Vitamin D3 at doses equivalent to 2000 IU/d for 1 yr is safe in adolescents and results in desirable vitamin D levels. Short- and long-term safety of weekly high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in school children. Maalouf J, Nabulsi M, Vieth R, Kimball S, El-Rassi R, Mahfoud Z, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jul;93(7):2693-701. Epub 2008 Apr 29. PMID: 18445674 doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2530

What is VITAL? The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a research study in 20,000 U.S. men and women investigating whether taking daily dietary supplements of vitamin D (about 2000 IU) or fish oil (about 1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids) reduces the risk of developing cancer, heart disease, and stroke in people who do not have a prior history of these illnesses. Recruitment for the study will begin in January 2010.

Vitamin D supplementation. Eveleigh B. Can Fam Physician. 2007 Sep;53(9):1435; author reply 1435. PMID: 17872869 My concern regarding vitamin D2 is that it is a synthetic analogue and might interact with the vitamin D receptor differently in various cell systems. It has been reported that vitamin D3 might improve glycemic control.7 Vitamin D2 has been reported to cause worsening of glycemic control in people of East Indian descent.8 Is this because of vitamin D receptor polymorphism, or because of enhanced 24-hydroxylase enzyme activation, or is it due to how vitamin D2 interacts with the receptor? Until this has been sorted out, I feel safest using vitamin D3. There are about 2000 synthetic analogues of vitamin D. The search is on for one that can cross the blood-brain barrier to treat certain types of brain cancers without causing hypercalcemia.9 But then again, what other effects would this compound have? There are still so many unknowns

Upper levels of vitamin D intake were set at 50 microg/d (2000 IU/d) for all ages. Some individuals would require higher levels than these to achieve serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations for optimal calcium absorption. So much new information on vitamin D and health has been collected since the requirements were set in 1997 that this nutrient is likely the most in need of revised requirements. Vitamin D requirements: current and future. Weaver CM, Fleet JC. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1735S-9S. Review. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;81(3):729. PMID: 15585797

Ät extra D-vitamin och förläng livet. Tillskott minskar risken för att dö i alla sjukdomar med åtta procent, visar en stor internationell studie. Ledande forskare efterlyser nu en internationell debatt om berikning av mat och en försiktig omvärdering av vår restriktiva syn på solbad. Det är forskare vid WHO:s internationella institut för cancerforskning i Lyon, IARC, som gått igenom 18 stora studier kring D-vitamin som publicerats fram till november 2006. Sammanlagt ingick 57311 personer som i genomsnitt följdes i nästan sex år. Under perioden avled 4777 av dem. När forskarnas slog ihop alla olika dödsorsaker upptäckte de att den totala dödligheten var åtta procent mindre bland dem som regelbundet åt extra D-vitamin. Tillskotten låg mellan 300 och 2000 internationella enheter, IU, men var i medeltal på en nivå som är normal i vanliga vitamintabletter, närmare bestämt 528 IU.

Tuli jo pari mailia, että paljonko sitä D-vitskua nyt pitää sitten ottaa. Heaney suositteli ravintolisänä vähintään 2000 IU:ta eli 50 mcg vuorokaudessa. Suomessa kannattanee talvella ottaa vieläkin enemmän. 400 IU = 10 mcg. Anonyymi postasi kommenttiosioon mielenkiintoisen videon "Whats a Vitamin D Deficiency?". Tällä 44 minuutin kestoisella videolla luennoi maailman johtava D-vitamiiniasiantuntija, sisätautilääkäri Robert Heaney, M.D. Voit katsella videon napsauttamalla tästä.

Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):717-26. Review. PMID: 15113709 We found that high-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation not only improves the nutritional vitamin D status of breastfeeding infants but also elevates the maternal concentrations into the mid-normal range. Thus, a dual benefit is achieved from high-dose maternal supplementation. It is noteworthy that in the Finnish study, the authors added a disclaimer, "A sufficient supply of vitamin D to the breastfed infant is achieved only by increasing the maternal supplementation up to 2000 IU/d. Such a dose is far higher than the RDA [DRI] for lactating mothers [and therefore] its safety over prolonged periods is not known and should be examined by further study." This point of concern was valid when this study was conducted in 1986 (92); however, on the basis of the current findings of Vieth et al (2) and of Heaney et al (3)-which showed that vitamin D intakes <= 10 000 IU/d (250 µg) are safe for prolonged periods (up to 5 mo)-we believe that it is time to reexamine the understated DRI of vitamin D for lactating mothers. This work is now being conducted in our clinics and laboratory.

Ecological Studies Of Ultraviolet B, Vitamin D And Cancer Since 2000. Grant WB, Mohr SB. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19269856

In April of 2000 a clinical observation published in Archives of Internal Medicine caught my attention. Dr. Anu Prabhala and his colleagues reported on the treatment of five patients confined to wheelchairs with severe weakness and fatigue. Blood tests revealed that all suffered from severe vitamin D deficiency. The patients received 50,000 IU vitamin D per week and all became mobile within six weeks.1\n\nDr. Prabhala's research sparked my interest and led to a search for current information on vitamin D, how it works, how much we really need and how we get it. The following is a small part of the important information that I found.

I stumbled on one of the growing number of local media stories on the power of vitamin D. \nIn one story, a purported "expert" was talking about the benefits of "high-dose" vitamin D, meaning up to 1000, even 2000 units per day. \nI regard this as high-dose---for an infant. \nJudging by my experiences, now numbering well over 1000 patients over three years time, I'd regard this dose range not as "high dose," nor moderate dose, perhaps not even low dose. I'd regard it as barely adequate.

Vitamin D receptor allele combinations influence genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Germans. Pani MA, Knapp M, Donner H, Braun J, Baur MP, Usadel KH, Badenhoop K. Diabetes. 2000 Mar;49(3):504-7. PubMed PMID: 10868975. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.49.3.504

Vitamin D for cancer prevention: global perspective. Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB, Garland FC. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;19(7):468-83. Review. PMID: 19523595 RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: It is projected that raising the minimum year-around serum 25(OH)D level to 40 to 60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L) would prevent approximately 58,000 new cases of breast cancer and 49,000 new cases of colorectal cancer each year, and three fourths of deaths from these diseases in the United States and Canada, based on observational studies combined with a randomized trial. Such intakes also are expected to reduce case-fatality rates of patients who have breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer by half. There are no unreasonable risks from intake of 2000 IU per day of vitamin D(3), or from a population serum 25(OH)D level of 40 to 60 ng/mL. The time has arrived for nationally coordinated action to substantially increase intake of vitamin D and calcium.

Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis. Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB, Grant WB, Giovannucci EL, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Holick MF, Garland FC. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):708-11. PMID: 17368188 CONCLUSIONS: Intake of 2000 IU/day of Vitamin D(3), and, when possible, very moderate exposure to sunlight, could raise serum 25(OH)D to 52 ng/ml, a level associated with reduction by 50% in incidence of breast cancer, according to observational studies.

Suomalainen arvostettu D-vitamiinitutkija Christel Lamberg-Allardt rohkeni sanoa vihdoin ääneen sen, minkä D-vitamiinitutkimusta seuranneet ovat tienneet jo pitkään: D-vitamiinia kannattaa syödä yli nykyisten suositusten. Tämä kannattaa ottaa vakavasti kaikkien omasta ja läheisten terveydestään kiinnostuneiden. Koska ravitsemuspoliittinen päätöksenteko on hidasta, on syytä kuunnella tutkijaa: "Hyvä nyrkkisääntö on Lamberg-Allardtin mukaan 20 mikrogrammaa päivässä aikuisille ja 10 mikrogrammaa pikkulapsille" (Yle 24.11.2009). Nykyinen suositus on aikuisilla 10 mikrogrammaa, jonka alle jää suomalaisten keskimääräinen D-vitamiinin saanti. D-vitamiinin vallankumous on tapahtunut tieteessä nopeasti 2000-luvulla. D-vitamiinia tarvitaan ympäri elimistöä ja alhaisilla D-vitamiinitasoilla on ollut tutkimuksissa yhteys laajaan joukkoon kroonisia tauteja (ennen kaikkea syövät, sydän- ja verisuonitaudit, tyypin 1 diabetes, MS-tauti, infektiot ja osteoporoosi).

"June 29, 2009 | Shelley Wood Boston, MA - A massive, National Institutes of Health-sponsored study looking at whether vitamin-D and/or omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation can reduce the risk of developing heart disease, stroke, or cancer will get under way in January 2010, according to a website for the study. Drs JoAnn Manson and Julie Buring (Harvard Medical School/ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA) will head up the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL). The study is aiming to enroll 20 000 men and women, one-quarter of whom will be black. According to a Brigham and Women's Hospital press release, the study is intentionally aiming to illuminate a potential racial and ethnic disparity hypothesized to be linked to vitamin D [1]. "African Americans have a higher risk of vitamin-D deficiency as well as a greater frequency of diabetes, hypertension, and certain types of cancer," a press release notes. For VITAL, women need to be over age 65 to enter the study; men need to be over age 60. Study participants will be randomized to one of four groups: daily vitamin D (2000 IU) and fish oil (1 g); daily vitamin D and fish-oil placebo; daily vitamin-D placebo and fish oil; or daily vitamin-D placebo and fish-oil placebo. The trial will run for five years and is expected to cost US $20 million."

D-vitamiini on sekä ihossa syntyvä hormoni että suolistosta imeytyvä vitamiini. Vaatteettomalla alkuihmisellä iho todennäköisesti tuotti auringon ultraviolettisäteilyn vaikutuksesta tarpeeksi D-vitamiinia. Vaatteisiin verhoutunut nykyihminen elää alkuihmistä enemmän ravintoperäisen D-vitamiinin varassa. Sekä ihossa syntynyt että suolistosta imeytynyt D-vitamiini saatetaan elimistössä biologisesti aktiiviseen 1,25(OH)2D-vitamiinimuotoon kahden hydroksylaation kautta, joista ensimmäinen tapahtuu maksassa ja toinen munuaisissa. D-vitamiinin tärkein vaikutuskohta on suolisto, jossa se lisää sekä kalkin että fosfaatin imeytymistä ja turvaa näin luulle sen tärkeiden rakennusaineiden saannin. D-vitamiinin suorat luustovaikutukset ovat edelleenkin osin epäselviä ja todennäköisesti huomattavasti vähäisempiä merkitykseltään kuin D-vitamiinin vaikutukset kalsiumin ja fosfaatin imeytymiseen.