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Kraus proposes a reform program that will reform low-income Minneapolis schools. Then he observes how urban schools attract low-income students and creates a problem of low achievement in these types of schools. This reform wanted no school to have more than 70% of any racial or minority group. He noticed that students in urban schools have lower test scores, so in order to change this they are implementing transfer programs into suburban schools. Most students showed improvement and to test their improvement the students were assessed. This program may improve academic achievement in some schools, but it does not exactly improve urban schools.

This study focuses on the improvement of Birch Middle School, which is an urban school. This school was known as the worst in the district. Before one knew it the new principal made signifigant improvement in this school. he stressed to teachers to creat a strong academic culture. He overall created a better school for the children to come and learn and that by the help of one person, they can change alot and many lives.

This is an article from International Conference on Supercomputing in the Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Supercomputing. The article provides an in depth analysis of a particular technique in monitoring performance in real-time of hardware performance counters that then further analysis of bottlenecks in the microarchitecture and the software that meets hardware at a high-level abstraction layer. This real-time analysis can improve the optimization of existing software systems and lead to more efficient platforms, even applications in parallel computing. I found this article interesting as it is a technique that can improve the level of hardware literacy not only within the hardware engineering community, but it is also a technique that can be used by software developers to study the performance of their code in real life circumstances.

This article is about how to develp fluent readers. You need to teach how to read and write very early on. In order to do this the right way, a teacher should use Eli. Eli stands for Early Literacy Initiative. In the program you teach the early childhood level skills to preschoolers. You teach them early on because they can improve thier skills are they grow older.

Murnane focuses on the children living in poverty and the low performance of the students. His goal is to make the No Child Left Behind Act more realistic. The goal should be to concentrate on the children's growth as a student, not to reach an obtainable test score. The government needs to improve conditions of schools of children living in poverty. The author suggests that the poverty stricken schools need to strengthen their staff in order to change anything. The main goal of children living in poverty is to get them to graduate from high school. The rate of kids graduating from high school in low income schools is down a great deal of percent than suburban schools. Murnane gives his opinion of setting obtainable goals not only for middle class students, but students that come from a poverty stricken area.

Beverly shares the importance of improving and focusing on the expansion of financial education practices in regards to our countries youth. Students may underestimate the need for financial education. The recommendation for social workers is to encourage the incorporation of financial education in the elementary and middle school curriculums as well as high school. Beverly believes that to ensure universal access, financial education should be a mandate for high schools. The integration of financial education into school curriculums has been recommended by the U.S. Office of Financial Education.

This article examined the effect of Mindfulness based stress reduction courses that were offered in drug units in six Massachusetts prisons. The study found that there were improvements in hostility, self-esteem, and mood disturbance

The source takes a firm stand on the debated issue concerning a regulated or unregulated market. The position taken is in support of an unregulated market as long everyone can make fully informed decisions in it. This source can be used to show that education can act in place of regulation and form a stronger economy.

Morton, Heather. "Private Efforts To Help Financial Literacy." State Legislatures 33.5 (May 2007): 24-24. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Roesch Lib., U. of Dayton, Dayton, OH. 16 Mar. 2009.

The article focuses on the hard work of some financial institutions to help improve financial education in the U.S. These include money skills, and interative curriculum created by the American Financial Services Association Education Foundation, the Credit Union National Association, together with the National Endowment for Financial Education, and Visa, with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

This study analyzed the acceptance of a school cafeteria based program called "Kid's Choice", where students are given increased amounts of healthy vegetables and fruits in their lunch meals. Results were compared between those who were overweight and those considered average-weight. The study found that both groups were equally accepting the program and would continue the program after the 1 month trial. This study would help my research because it shows that children who are overweight are, in fact, willing and able to make positive changes in their diets to improve their body weight and overall health.

We sought to determine whether literacy mediates the relationship between education and glycemic control among diabetes patients. Methods: We measured educational attainment, literacy using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (s-TOFHLA), and glycemic control (HbA1c) in 395 diabetes patients at a U.S. public hospital. We performed path analysis to compare two competing models to explain glycemic control. The direct effects model estimated how education was related to HbA1c; the mediational model estimated the strength of the direct relationship when the additional pathway from education to literacy to HbA1c was added. Results: Both the model with a direct effect of education on HbA1c and the model with literacy as a mediator were supported by good fit to observed data. The mediational model, however, was a significant improvement, with the additional path from literacy to HbA1c reducing the discrepancy from observed data (p<0.01). After including this path, the direct relationship between education and HbA1c fell to a non-significant threshold. Conclusions: In a low-income population with diabetes, literacy mediated the relationship between education and glycemic control. This finding has important implications for both education and health policy. (Abstract taken from JSTOR.)

This article is about how emergent literacy has improved early childhood literacy over the past several decades. Its main point is about a 5 step program. The 5 step program is the Clicker 5. the 5 steps in this program are Phonemic Awareness, Word Recognition, Concepts About Print, Alphabetic Principle, and Comprehension. These 5 things help jump start literacy in a early childhood classrom.

Synder outlines an initiative by CPAs around the country to promote financial literacy and improve Americans' wellbeing. Examples of the programs include a one-day workshop for high school seniors to discuss subjects such as credit cards, owning a home and buying a car. The goal is to bring real world applications to teach students about financial literacy. The programs also aim to help military personnel and their families when a parent is deployed, or a unique situation arises that impacts their finances. The author effectively demonstrates how CPAs across the country are taking action to aid in the development of healthy financial habits. Unfortunately, there is no information regarding the effectiveness of these programs and more information is needed.

The article discusses data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) that indicates more college students in NCAA programs are graduating as compared to previous years. The data illustrated that a majority of college athletes in Division I colleges graduated and that graduation rates improved for male college basketball players and baseball players.

This article is about the program No Child Left behind designed to kill illiteracy in young people. The article is also about the new movement Merged Model which is more than the NCLB program. It also talks about the new models they are trying to use to improve literacy in children.

The article focuses on the hard work of some financial institutions to help improve financial education in the U.S. These include money skills, and interative curriculum created by the American Financial Services Association Education Foundation, the Credit Union National Association, together with the National Endowment for Financial Education, and Visa, with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

The article suggests planning financial literacy programs for students. Furthermore, the author shares with the reader that that there are laws in Oklahoma, Colorado, and other states requiring high school students to show financial literacy in order to graduate. In addition the article shares that Capital One has created branch banks operated by students at several schools as well as the National Endowment for financial education has created a personal finance curriculum that can be integrated into regular school curriculum. Research suggests that personal finance courses have not improved student financial literacy. Lewis Mandell suggest that students should be taught about finance and savings at an earlier age than high school.

An increasingly complex and challenging financial world is facing our nation's youth. Elizabeth Johnson takes a look at the disadvantages that our lower income youth have in regards to financial knowledge and access to learning. Though there has been a rising awareness of the importance of financial literacy among the youth, there needs to be an equal interest in our disadvantaged youth and the access that they are given to improve their financial literacy. The paper addresses building financial capability through learning by doing. It also shares several innovative ideas such as having youth-ran school banking programs. In addition it talks about the successes of Junior Achievement programs addressing economic concepts.

The authors share the difference of how the education gap between minority and low-income students compares to the fortunate white students. These low-income students are usually seen in urban schools that are at a disadvantage because of their label as a "failing school". The authors conduct a chart that shows the number of free or reduced lunches, percent of minority students, the student teacher ratio and the percent of poverty rate of failing schools, choice schools and the mean difference in schools in North Carolina. The rates in failing schools were substantially higher than the ones in choice schools. This process was only conducted in North Carolina, but it would be very similar for all states.

The authors research the effects of public school choice in the state of South Carolina under the No Child Left Behind Act. It has been found that public schools are labeled "in need of improvement" if there is a large minority of students and a large amount of poverty independent of rural, suburban, or urban location. The article touches on all the spatial aspects of the academic achievement gap between public schools and how rural failing schools are the most disadvantaged. The research in the article is useful but it is limited to the state of South Carolina.

Expansion of the internet and market innovation have lead to national economies and the deregulation of banking with a changing economy. In an ever changing economy like the United States individuals must constantly keep updated and improve their level of financial literacy, be aware of changes in personal finances and demography and obtain current knowledge of mortgage lending practices. Financial literacy programs such as first time homebuyer programs, basic financial literacy programs, and savings initiatives have been established through private and public funding to increase the financial literacy of the public. The effectiveness of some of these programs has not been concluded, however, individuals have stated that after completing the programs they felt much more confident in making investments.