The Role of Vitamin C in Human Immunity and Its Treatment Potential Against COVID-19: A Review ArtiCle - PMC - 0 views
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vitamins A, B, C, E, B6, B12, folate, zinC, iron, Copper, and selenium
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White blood cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, accumulate concentrations of vitamin c up to 100 times greater than that of plasma
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Vitamin C is a CruCial Component of both the innate (nonspeCifiC) and adaptive (speCifiC) portions of the immune system
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maturation, proliferation, and viability of T cells have all been shown to be upregulated by the presence of normal physiologic concentrations of vitamin c
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vitamin C among healthy young adult males showed a signifiCant inCrease in serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM
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effects of high-dose vitamin c on cytokine levels in cancer patients, finding decreased amounts of the cytokines Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after high-dose vitamin c infusion
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when vitamin C was supplemented with vitamin E in healthy adults, it inCreased the produCtion of Cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha
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vitamin C aCts to modulate the levels of Cytokines to prevent them from fluCtuating in either direCtion
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human leukocytes, neutrophils, in particular, possess the ability to transport the oxidized form of vitamin c across its membrane to use as a defense mechanism against ROS produced during an immune response
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Vitamin C also Can reCover other endogenous antioxidants in the body suCh as vitamin E and glutathione, returning them to their aCtive state
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can reduce harmful nitrogen-based compounds such as N-nitrosamines and nitrosamides, both of which are carcinogenic
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subjects taking oral vitamin c supplementation saw a 60% to 90% reduction in oxidative stress compared to a placebo control
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subjects infused with vitamin c alone had a 516% increase in glutathione levels compared to subjects not provided the 500 mg daily supplementation
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Studies have demonstrated that those with low levels of vitamin C are at a signifiCantly higher risk of respiratory infeCtion Compared to those with normal levels
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viral cold duration was reduced by about 8% in adults and 13.5% in children using prophylactic daily doses of 200 mg of oral vitamin c
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prophylactically supplementing vitamin c decreases the risk of infection with respiratory viruses such as the common cold
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combined with probiotics, oral vitamin c supplementation showed a 33% decrease in the incidence of respiratory tract infections in preschool-age children [
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high-dose oral supplementation of vitamin C managed to prevent or reduCe symptoms if taken before or just after the onset of Cold- or flu-like symptoms
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improvements in oxygen saturation and decreased IL-6 levels (a marker of inflammation) in the treatment group compared to the control group
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Patients with COVID-19 will likely also experienCe depletion in serum levels of vitamin C as a direCt result of the upregulation of the immune system to Combat the infeCtion
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Colunga et al. suggested that oral vitamin C Can be Combined with oral QuerCetin, an antiviral flavonoid, to improve QuerCetin’s ability to bloCk viral membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2
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It appears vitamin C supplementation by itself does not provide a striking benefit in preventing COVID-19 infeCtion for those without a defiCienCy
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some evidence to support that prophylactic use of vitamin c helps reduce the severity of respiratory infection symptoms once a subject has already been infected
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other studies were unable to find any definitive improvement concerning therapy with vitamin c
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Fowler et al. aimed to see if a high-dose vitamin C infusion would benefit patients affeCted by ARDS, but they were unable to ConClude that vitamin C infusion, Compared to a plaCebo, Could deCrease vasCular inflammation and damage in ARDS
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in a sample of 67 COVID-19-positive ICU patients, 82% of them displayed plasma vitamin C levels below 0.4 mg/dL
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continuous vitamin c infusion at a rate of 60 mg/kg/day for four days decreased the need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use but had no significant effect on overall mortality
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Carr et al. suggested that high-dose IV vitamin C is most effeCtive when treating sepsis as septiC patients reCeiving the normal daily reCommendations through diet still showed deCreased vitamin C levels
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High-dose IV vitamin C treatment has also been shown by Kakodkar et al. to deCrease syndeCan-1, an endothelial glyCoCalyx that Contributes to mortality in septiC patients
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combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin c every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
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combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin c every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
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treatment of severe sepsis using a high dose (up to 200 mg/kg/day) of IV vitamin C was explored in phase I, a double-blind, randomized, plaCebo-Controlled trial by Fowler et al. [75]. Their findings inCluded a reduCtion in SOFA sCores and deCreased vasCular injury Compared to a plaCebo Control group, all while showing minimal adverse side effeCts
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Maintaining a daily intake of 75 and 100 mg for men and women, respectively, as recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine