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Types of Heavy Duty Wheelchair and Its Features - 0 views

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    Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. They two types of Heavy Duty Wheelchair for handicapped and disability product like- Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8020 or Karma KM-8020 Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. Some features are mentioned below- Features It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair Item Code and Price Item Code: WCI-52 MRP: Rs 45162 Our Price: Rs 32900 Net Price: Rs 32242( Apply Coupon Code 'MSW2365' Get 2% Discount ) Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Karma 8520 or Karma KM-8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. Some features are mentioned below- Features It comes with detachable swing away footrests. The wheel chair has flip-back armrests. It comes with centre of gravity adjustment. The wheel chair has wide profile casters. Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch Total Weight 17 K.G. Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair Item Code and Price Item Code: WCI-29 MRP: Rs 32085 Our Price: Rs 24063 Net Price: Rs 23582( Apply Coupon Code 'MSW2365' Get 2% Discount ) Heavy Duty Wheelchair Online Purchases: This Website is only a venue where Users may meet and interact with us for their sale and purchase transactions. The commercial / contractual terms include without limitation price, shipping costs, date, period, mode of delivery, warranties related to products and services including after sales services related to product(s) and services, etc., over which we have complete control and same may be the subject to change. The agreement between you and wheelchairindia.com is subject to the following terms and cond
wheelchairindia9

Karman S-Ergo 115 - 0 views

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    Ergonomic wheelchairs have been tested and proven to be effective for relieving pressure throughout the body; this is confirmed by pressure chart mapping. Feeling comfortable on a wheelchair is something every user demands out of their new wheelchair, the ergonomic cushion that is included with the ergonomic series provides a level of comfort that is unparalleled. Ergonomic Transport Wheelchair provides the perfect shape to fit the human body to relieve pressure, increase stabilization, weight distribution and lower the risk of pressure sores and scoliosis. Lightweight Ergonomic Wheelchair features wide arm pads for extra support, folding back rest, detachable swing-away footrests, and a Tube-in Center foot-plate that provides extra support for the leg muscles. This wheelchair can hold up to daily use and is excellent for traveling. Ergonomic features flip-back armrest and swing away footrests. A lightweight frame that is 25 lbs. without footrests and a folding backrest allows easy travel or storage. The chair comes equipped with a padded anti-bacterial upholstery that is comfortable and washable. Karma Ergo Lite 2501 Wheelchair: The extremely lightweight Ergo Lite 2501 Transport Wheelchair weighs only 8.16 kg. and features an ergonomically-designed seat and backrest, making it one of the most comfortable transport chairs on the market. The folding seat and backrest make the S-Ergo ideal for storage or travel, and the built in AEGIS anti-bacterial cushion provides added comfort and support. Despite its light weight, the S-Ergo features a 115 kg. weight capacity along with large, 14" flat-free polyurethane rear tires. Karma Ergo Lite 2501 Wheelchair Features: Lightest transporter on the market! Patented S-Style Ergonomic Seat Frame 6061 T-6 Aircraft-grade Aluminum Only 18 lb . (w/ footrests) Built in Silver Aegis Anti-bacterial Cushion Fixed Armrests w/Concaved Armpads Pocket Behind Backrest & Small Carry Pouch on Each Armrest 6" x 1" Polyurethane
wheelchairindia9

Portable Wheelchair Gives The Freedom - 0 views

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    A portable wheelchair gives the freedom to travel anywhere and everywhere with ease. Lightweight travel chair is the lightest and most compactable of transport Wheelchairs. Great for use while traveling. The thigh belt ensures balanced seating and the flip-up armrest facilitates smoother transfers to and from the chair's seat. At a weight of only 13 lbs., the Travel Chair is not only ultra light but easy to use with quick folding and one touch opening. Travel wheelchairs are the best type of wheelchairs for vacations or travel activities. With the best type of wheelchair for travel, it can experience the trip of a lifetime. An important feature for a travel wheelchair is to be able to fold it on command. Storing and folding a travel wheelchair has never been easier than with travel chair. Durable travel wheelchair allows to have peace of mind when traveling outside comfort zone, do not need to worry about chair breaking down and slowing down trip. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model with outstand
wheelchairindia9

Fold Back Karma KM 2500 Small Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Travel wheelchair assists people to become more mobile and independent. There are many different types of wheelchairs that are used for various reasons. It is important to understand the limitations and safe operation of whatever wheelchair choose or need. The travel chair seat size (width and depth), seat-to-floor height, footrests/leg rests, front caster outriggers, adjustable backrests, controls, and many other features can be customized on, or added to, many basic models, while some users, often those with specialized needs, may have wheelchairs custom-built. A single-arm drive enables the user to turn either left or right while the two-armed drive enables user to move forward or backward on a straight line. Another type of wheelchair commonly used is a lever-drive wheelchair. This type of chair enables the user to move forward by pumping the lever back and forth. Travel Wheelchair is designed with unique S shaped seat which provides pressure relief and prevents slippage. Equipped with wide arm pads the wheelchair provides extra support for the user. The chair material is treated with an Aegis Microbe shield to reduce the likelihood of staining and odours. Streamline oval tubes add style and strength to the wheelchair whilst the aluminium frame keeps the chair light. Also featured are new patented footrests which swing both outwards and inward for user convenience. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms.
wheelchairindia9

Tynor Knee Cap With Rigid Hinge - 0 views

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    Tynor Knee Cap (with Rigid Hinge) Knee Cap (with Rigid Hinge) a versatile device which offers the advantage of compression around the knee and the support of a side splint, while allowing normal flexion of knee. Extra strap for secured fitting. Side splinting with free flexion movement. Double layered and four way stretch fabric. Hinge, mimics the motion of natural knee joint. Tynor Knee Cap (with Rigid Hinge) Features Rigid hinges Rigid side splinting Free flexion movement Bilayered, cotton on the inside Ensures dermophillic interphone with the skin, More comfort Better patient compliance Bilayered, nylon on the outside Long life Excellent aesthetics Color fastness. Better comfort Anti tourniquet effect No constriction to blood flow, on one hand Better grip to the body on the other.
Nathan Goodyear

Statins use and coronary artery plaque composition: Results from the International Mult... - 0 views

  • Statin use is associated with an increased prevalence and extent of coronary plaques possessing calcium
  • As compared with individuals not taking statins, those taking statins possessed a significantly higher prevalence of obstructive CAD, as well as higher numbers of vessels with obstructive CAD
  • non-calcified plaques (NCP)
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  • non-calcified (NCP), mixed (MP), or calcified (CP) plaque
  • statin use was each associated with a significantly higher prevalence of NCP, MP and CP
  • statin use was associated with increased presence of MP [odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–1.68, p < 0.001] and CP (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.36–1.74, p < 0.001], but not NCP
  • statin use was associated with increasing numbers of coronary segments possessing MP and CP but not associated with increasing numbers of coronary segments possessing NCP
  • North America, Europe and Asia
  • A total of 6673 individuals (2413 on statin therapy and 4260 not on statin therapy) comprised the study population
  • we identified a strong association of statin use to coronary artery plaque features
  • statin use was associated with a differentially increased prevalence and extent of MP and CP
  • one potential unifying hypothesis is that rather than regression of coronary plaque, statins may contribute to the conversion of coronary plaque constituents, perhaps by conversion of NCP to plaque possessing calcium
  • Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)
  • Statin use was associated with a higher frequency of severe coronary artery stenoses as well as numbers of coronary vessels with obstructive CAD
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    Study finds statin therapy associated with increased coronary plaque with calcium.
wheelchairindia9

Karma Km 2500 Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest: By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model with outstanding strength and durability. Karma Healthcare KM-2500 Premium Wheelchair is amazingly light and compact transit wheelchair which is ideal for outings and travelers. It folds down to take up virtually no space in the boot of a car and weighs just over 9.2 kg making it easy for anyone to lift into a vehicle. Backrest folds-down for easy transportation. Maximum user weight: 100 K.g. Aluminium frame. Fixed armrest/fixed footrest. Foldable frame via double cross bars. Comfortable & durable upholstery. Swing-away foot plates. Puncture proof tyres. Attendant cable brake. 14" flat-free rear wheels. Detachable and washable cushion. One Year Warranty. It folds down to take up virtually no space in the boot of a car. This amazingly light and compact transit wheelchair is ideal for outings and travelling. It comes with detachable and washable cushion. The wheel chair has attendant cable brake. It is made from aircraft-grade aluminium alloy fra
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Performance and Depression in M... - 0 views

  • Azad et al [15] used single photon emission computed tomography and showed that, after 3~5 weeks of TRT, cerebral perfusion was increased in the midbrain and the superior frontal gyrus in seven men with hypogonadism
  • After 12~14 weeks, increased perfusion was still observed in the midbrain as well as in the midcingulate gyrus
  • TDS patients who received TRT showed significant improvement in cognitive function only if mild cognitive impairment was present at baseline
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  • Cherrier et al [17] evaluated a sample of 32 subjects, which included 17 men with mild cognitive impairment and 15 with Alzheimer's disease. At the 6-week follow-up, patients who received TRT showed significantly better scores regarding spatial memory, constructional abilities, and verbal memory compared to those noted in the placebo group. Taken together, these results suggest that TRT has a beneficial effect on cognitive function
  • TRT improved mood and well-being, and reduced fatigue and irritability in hypogonadal men
  • The study by Pope et al [20] involved men with depression refractory to standard anti-depressants, and found that TRT lowered the Hamilton Depression score,
  • depression tends to increase as testosterone levels decrease [21], it is highly likely that TRT improved symptoms of depression by increasing testosterone levels.
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    men with Testosterone <300 ng/dl with levels after 8 months of therapy achieving +680 ng/dl.
Nathan Goodyear

Hormonal Modulation in Aging Patients with Erectile Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome - 0 views

  • Hypogonadism and MetS are strongly associated [12, 13, 16], having even been demonstrated that with the increasing number of MetS parameters there is a proportional raise in the incidence of hypogonadism
  • increasing number of MetS components is inversely associated with T levels
  • the presence of MetS did not prove to be a significant determinant of hypogonadism, as it did not lead to a decline in T levels, in MetS patients with already established hypogonadism, the increasing number of MetS features was associated with further decline in T
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  • In the setting of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia and increased WC have been reported as the most important determinants of hypogonadism
  • recent literature consistently associates obesity not only with higher risk of hypogonadism [4, 6, 27] but also with lower T levels
  • Visceral adiposity has been particularly related with reduction of T and SHBG levels (independent of other metabolic disorders)
  • WC was one of the MetS parameters with the greatest influence in T levels decrease, presenting itself as a strong risk factor for hypogonadism development
  • MetS-related T decline was not accompanied by an increase in pituitary LH levels, suggesting impairment in gonadotropin secretion
  • The molecules behind this smoothing compensatory effect of GnRH/LH are still unknown, but estrogens and insulin, as well as leptin, TNF-α, and other adipokines, were proposed candidates
  • fat stores undertake an increase aromatization of androgens, therefore raising estrogen levels [9, 15], which in turn decrease LH secretion
  • our data contradicts the concept that estradiol exerts a negative feedback on hypothalamic GnRH secretion
  • taking into account that high estradiol levels have already been described as the only abnormality in a subset of patients with ED, the hypothesis that the later might not only be caused by androgen deficiency is becoming increasingly evident
  • it has been reported that the chronic exposure to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), widely used for the treatment of ED, may influence serum estradiol levels
  • thyroid disorders (specially hyperthyroidism) have been related to ED and hypogonadism, and so must be considered in a sexual-dysfunction setting
  • It is clear from the current literature that collecting a more thorough hormonal panel might be a wise approach to further uncover hormonal relations
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      outstanding point.  This hits to the point that Low T is the effect not the cause.
  • We concluded that in ED patients with hypogonadism and MetS, the attenuated response of HPG axis (normal or low LH levels) might not always be due to an underlying adiposity-dependent estrogen-raising effect.
  • our findings indicate that ED, aging, and estradiol might have a stronger connection than what is currently described in the literature.
  • this study underlines the importance of the collection of a full hormonal panel in ED men
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    low T strongly associated with metabolic syndrome in men.
wheelchairindia9

Chair For Cerebral Palsy Child - 0 views

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    Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of conditions caused by medical abnormalities in the development of a fetus or the early life of a child. These lead to damage or delayed development in the brain. The disorder is permanent and, though it does not worsen with age, the level of functionality of a person with cerebral palsy varies widely: in some cases, effects may be very minor, while in others, movement is impaired to the extent that a wheelchair is required. Common complications associated with CP vary by the type of CP disorder but can include vision problems, seizures, learning disabilities, and issues speaking, writing, and performing other tasks. Cerebral palsy causes problems with muscle tone, movement, balance and/or coordination. Symptoms and effects range from mild to severe. In some infants, problems are evident soon after birth. In others, diagnosis comes in later infancy or toddlerhood. Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Description: The model designed for cerebral palsy child only. Ultra light weight aluminium alloy frame. Seat Width 38 cms (15"). Net Weight: 18.5 kgs. Epoxy powder coated frame. Detachable arm rest & foot rest provided. Elevated and swinging foot rest. Elevated foot rest provided to elevate leg angle. Height adjustable and detachable head rest. Hydraulic reclining high back for a comfortable posture. Hydraulic adjustable seat angle. Detachable back and seat pad. Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & calg Foldable. Lever and paddle brakes provided. Safety belt provided. Maintenance free rear solid wheels. Cloth look like water proof upholstery. Anti wheels for better safety and stability. Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & leg Folding action. Lever and paddle brakes provided. Safety belt provided. Maintenance free rear solid wheels. Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Recline system: Recline system provides kids with the most comfortable resting environment. It also allows stretching abdomin
wheelchairindia9

Wheelchair Pediatric - 0 views

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    When it comes to wheelchairs, young children have a different set of needs than adults. Aesthetically, devices designed for kids are often sleek and colorful, and functionally, they are typically lightweight and adjustable. As any parent knows, young people don't stay the same size for long and since a wheelchair is a major purchase don't want a simple growth spurt to render it useless. That's why kids wheelchair category offers models that feature seat width and depth adjustability, elevating legrests, and other versatile features. Pediatric walkers differ from adult walkers in several ways. For one, walking aids for children are usually adjustable, taking growth patterns into account; but many models also provide gait training and postural correction. Those caring for kids in their formative years must be concerned about more than just the young person's mobility, they must also consider their development. Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair: Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Description: The model designed for cerebral palsy child only. Ultra light weight aluminium alloy frame Seat Width 38 cms (15") Net Weight: 18.5 kgs Epoxy powder coated frame Detachable arm rest & foot rest provided Elevated and swinging foot rest Elevated foot rest provided to elevate leg angle Height adjustable and detachable head rest Hydraulic reclining high back for a comfortable posture Hydraulic adjustable seat angle Detachable back and seat pad Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & calg Foldable Lever and paddle brakes provided Safety belt provided Maintenance free rear solid wheels Cloth look like water proof upholstery Anti wheels for better safety and stability Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & leg Folding action Lever and paddle brakes provided Safety belt provided Maintenance free rear solid wheels Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Recline system: Recline system provides kids with the most comfortable resting environme
Nathan Goodyear

Intravenous Fluid Use in Athletes - 0 views

  • Treatment of exercise-associated hyponatremia with hypertonic IV infusion to correct plasma sodium levels is also a standard and accepted use of IV fluid infusions
  • athletes who present for medical care with hypernatremia who cannot tolerate oral fluids can benefit from IV fluids
  • Vaporization of sweat accounts for 80% of heat loss in hot, dry atmospheric conditions. This mechanism of water loss is the major contributor for exercise-associated dehydration
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  • The rate of water loss can be quantified through measurement of sweat rate
  • Pre- and postexercise body weight measurements are the most common means to estimate overall water loss but are condition specific
  • It appears that 1% to 2% body weight loss is well tolerated by the exercising athlete
  • Dehydration, defined as greater than 2% loss of body weight, can negatively affect performance
  • In highly trained endurance athletes, plasma volume and sodium serum concentration were preserved despite a 5% body weight loss
  • In Ironman triathletes, dehydration to 5% body weight loss did not correlate with occurrence of medical complications
  • hydration should begin hours prior to exercise, especially if known deficits are present, and fluids should be consumed at a slow, steady rate, with 5 to 7 mL/kg taken 4 hours prior to exercise
  • Sodium concentration did not produce significant changes in the rate of absorption but was primarily dependent on carbohydrate concentration
  • Replacing 150% of body weight loss over 60 minutes has been tolerated without complications
  • IV treatment of severe dehydration (&gt;7% body weight loss), exertional heat illness, nausea, emesis, or diarrhea, and in those who cannot ingest oral fluids for other reasons, is clinically indicated
  • A recent survey of the National Football League teams revealed that 75% (24 of 32) of the teams utilized IV infusion of fluids for prehydration in at least some otherwise healthy individuals
  • In the National Football League, an average of 1.5 L of normal saline was administered approximately 2.5 hours prior to competition
  • after 2 hours of exercise, the rectal temperature was 0.6° higher in the group not receiving IV infusion. Also, stroke volume and cardiac output were 11% to 16% lower in the control group versus the IV infusion group.
  • Recent evidence suggests the etiology of EAMC is related to muscle fatigue and neuronal excitability
  • no correlation between hydration status or electrolyte concentrations with EAMC
  • there may be a subset of muscle cramping that is associated with a loss of both body fluid and sodium
  • Glycerol is the primary agent for oral hyperhydration
  • elevation of plasma volume by 200 to 300 mL via dextran infusion resulted in 15% increase in stroke volume, 4% increase in VO2 max, and an increase in the exercise time to fatigue
  • Neither the tonicity nor mode of hydration resulted in improved speed of rehydration, greater fluid retention, or improved performance
  • There are beneficial anecdotal reports of EAMC treatment in elite and professional-level athletes with IV hydration during the course of an event
  • Plasma volume was better restored during rehydration with IV fluids at preexercise and 5 minutes of exercise. At 15 minutes, there was no difference between IV and oral rehydration
  • More rapid restoration of plasma volume was accomplished in the IV treatment group with no advantages over oral rehydration in physiological strain, heat tolerance, ratings of perceived effort, or thermal sensations
  • No difference was found in exercise time to exhaustion. IV and oral rehydration methods were equally effective. Heart rates were statistically higher in the oral rehydration group through 75 minutes of exercise, and there were higher increases in norepinephrine plasma concentrations
  • No significant differences between the groups were found for time to recovery, number of days with pain, number of days with stiffness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, rectal temperature, and loss of appetite
  • The current data suggest that IV rehydration is faster than oral
  • There may be physiological benefits of decreased heart rate and norepinephrine in athletes rehydrated via IV route
  • Postexercise blood 1 hour and 24 hours showed no differences in circulating myoglobin or creatine kinase
  • The use of IV fluid may be beneficial for a subset of fluid sensitive athletes
  • this should be reserved for high-level athletes with strong histories of symptoms in well-monitored settings.
  • Volume expanders may also be beneficial for some athletes
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    to be read
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and metabolic syndrome Cunningham GR - Asian J Androl - 0 views

  • The relationship of low testosterone to MetS often is considered to be bidirectional; however, the relationships probably are not direct
  • Many of the components of the MetS are recognized risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
  • Multiple cross-sectional studies have found low TT and low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels in Caucasian and African-American men with the MetS, irrespective of age
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  • Low TT and SHBG levels also are prevalent in Chinese [7],[8] and Korean [9] men with the MetS
  • Normally 40%-50% of TT is bound to SHBG, so reducing SHBG levels will decrease TT.
  • Hyperinsulinism suppresses SHBG synthesis and secretion by the liver
  • significant increase in SHBG levels occurred after acutely lowering insulin levels in obese men
  • Estradiol levels are increased in men with the MetS, and they are positively correlated with the number of abnormal components of the MetS.
  • Although it is known that estrogen will increase SHBG levels, apparently the hyperinsulinism associated with obesity has a greater effect on SHBG levels
  • Estradiol also can inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion
  • Inflammatory cytokines are thought to have a direct effect on the pituitary to reduce LH secretion [15] and also a direct effect on Leydig cell secretion of testosterone
  • Low TT Levels have been shown to predict development of the MetS in men with normal BMI
  • Men in the lowest quartiles of serum TT, calculated free testosterone (cFT) and SHBG at baseline had the highest odds ratios for developing the MetS or DM during the 11 years follow-up
  • More recently, investigators conducting population-based studies have reported that only SHBG is associated with future development of the MetS
  • Additional evidence that low TT increases the risk of MetS comes from androgen deprivation treatment of prostate cancer
  • Low TT and low bioavailable testosterone (bT) were each significantly associated with elevated 20 years risk of CVD mortality in an older population in which cause-specific mortality was age, adiposity, and lifestyle-adjusted.
  • combination of low bT and ATP III-defined MetS is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in men aged 40 years and above
  • in elderly men, testosterone may weakly protect against CVD. Alternatively, low TT may indicate poor general health
  • Muraleedharan and Jones [27] concluded that there is convincing evidence that low T is a biomarker for disease severity and mortality.
  • The evidence that TRT improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control is conflicted
  • It is widely recognized that testosterone treatment can reduce fat mass and increase lean body mass; however, until recently most reports have not been associated with much weight loss
  • Changes in body composition and weight loss are considered potential mechanisms by which testosterone treatment improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control in patients with diabetes. Effects on inflammatory cytokines [38] and changes in oxidative metabolism [39] also have been reported to improve glucose metabolism.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has been reported to improve some or all of the components of the MetS.
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    To be read article on Testosterone and Metabolic Syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Cancer cells metabolically "fertilize" the tumor microenvironment with hydrogen peroxid... - 0 views

  • reducing oxidative stress with powerful antioxidants, is an important strategy for cancer prevention, as it would suppress one of the key early initiating steps where DNA damage and tumor-stroma metabolic-coupling begins. This would prevent cancer cells from acting as metabolic “parasites
  • Oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblasts triggers autophagy and mitophagy, resulting in compartmentalized cellular catabolism, loss of mitochondrial function, and the onset of aerobic glycolysis, in the tumor stroma. As such, cancer-associated fibroblasts produce high-energy nutrients (such as lactate and ketones) that fuel mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in cancer cells. We have termed this new energy-transfer mechanism the “reverse Warburg effect.
  • Then, oxidative stress, in cancer-associated fibroblasts, triggers the activation of two main transcription factors, NFκB and HIF-1α, leading to the onset of inflammation, autophagy, mitophagy and aerobic glycolysis in the tumor microenvironment
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  • oxidative stress and ROS, produced in cancer-associated fibroblasts, has a “bystander effect” on adjacent cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, genomic instability and aneuploidy, which appears to be driving tumor-stroma co-evolution
  • tumor cells produce and secrete hydrogen peroxide, thereby “fertilizing” the tumor microenvironment and driving the “reverse Warburg effect.”
  • This type of stromal metabolism then produces high-energy nutrients (lactate, ketones and glutamine), as well as recycled chemical building blocks (nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids), to literally “feed” cancer cells
  • loss of stromal caveolin (Cav-1) is sufficient to drive mitochondrial dysfunction with increased glucose uptake in fibroblasts, mimicking the glycolytic phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts.
  • oxidative stress initiated in tumor cells is transferred to cancer-associated fibroblasts.
  • Then, cancer-associated fibroblasts show quantitative reductions in mitochondrial activity and compensatory increases in glucose uptake, as well as high ROS production
  • These findings may explain the prognostic value of a loss of stromal Cav-1 as a marker of a “lethal” tumor microenvironment
  • aerobic glycolysis takes place in cancer-associated fibroblasts, rather than in tumor cells, as previously suspected.
  • our results may also explain the “field effect” in cancer biology,5 as hydrogen peroxide secreted by cancer cells, and the propagation of ROS production, from cancer cells to fibroblasts, would create an increasing “mutagenic field” of ROS production, due to the resulting DNA damage
  • Interruption of this process, by addition of catalase (an enzyme that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide) to the tissue culture media, blocks ROS activity in cancer cells and leads to apoptotic cell death in cancer cells
  • In this new paradigm, cancer cells induce oxidative stress in neighboring cancer-associated fibroblasts
  • cancer-associated fibroblasts have the largest increases in glucose uptake
  • cancer cells secrete hydrogen peroxide, which induces ROS production in cancer-associated fibroblasts
  • Then, oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblast leads to decreases in functional mitochondrial activity, and a corresponding increase in glucose uptake, to fuel aerobic glycolysis
  • cancer cells show significant increases in mitochondrial activity, and decreases in glucose uptake
  • fibroblasts and cancer cells in co-culture become metabolically coupled, resulting in the development of a “symbiotic” or “parasitic” relationship.
  • cancer-associated fibroblasts undergo aerobic glycolysis (producing lactate), while cancer cells use oxidative mitochondrial metabolism.
  • We have previously shown that oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblasts drives a loss of stromal Cav-1, due to its destruction via autophagy/lysosomal degradation
  • a loss of stromal Cav-1 is sufficient to induce further oxidative stress, DNA damage and autophagy, essentially mimicking pseudo-hypoxia and driving mitochondrial dysfunction
  • loss of stromal Cav-1 is a powerful biomarker for identifying breast cancer patients with early tumor recurrence, lymph-node metastasis, drug-resistance and poor clinical outcome
  • this type of metabolism (aerobic glycolysis and autophagy in the tumor stroma) is characteristic of a lethal tumor micro-environment, as it fuels anabolic growth in cancer cells, via the production of high-energy nutrients (such as lactate, ketones and glutamine) and other chemical building blocks
  • the upstream tumor-initiating event appears to be the secretion of hydrogen peroxide
  • one such enzymatically-active protein anti-oxidant that may be of therapeutic use is catalase, as it detoxifies hydrogen peroxide to water
  • numerous studies show that “catalase therapy” in pre-clinical animal models is indeed sufficient to almost completely block tumor recurrence and metastasis
  • by eliminating oxidative stress in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment,55 we may be able to effectively cut off the tumor's fuel supply, by blocking stromal autophagy and aerobic glycolysis
  • breast cancer patients show systemic evidence of increased oxidative stress and a decreased anti-oxidant defense, which increases with aging and tumor progression.68–70 Chemotherapy and radiation therapy then promote further oxidative stress.69 Unfortunately, “sub-lethal” doses of oxidative stress during cancer therapy may contribute to tumor recurrence and metastasis, via the activation of myofibroblasts.
  • a loss of stromal Cav-1 is associated with the increased expression of gene profiles associated with normal aging, oxidative stress, DNA damage, HIF1/hypoxia, NFκB/inflammation, glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • cancer-associated fibroblasts show the largest increases in glucose uptake, while cancer cells show corresponding decreases in glucose uptake, under identical co-culture conditions
  • Thus, increased PET glucose avidity may actually be a surrogate marker for a loss of stromal Cav-1 in human tumors, allowing the rapid detection of a lethal tumor microenvironment.
  • it appears that astrocytes are actually the cell type responsible for the glucose avidity.
  • In the brain, astrocytes are glycolytic and undergo aerobic glycolysis. Thus, astrocytes take up and metabolically process glucose to lactate.7
  • Then, lactate is secreted via a mono-carboxylate transporter, namely MCT4. As a consequence, neurons use lactate as their preferred energy substrate
  • both astrocytes and cancer-associated fibroblasts express MCT4 (which extrudes lactate) and MCT4 is upregulated by oxidative stress in stromal fibroblasts.34
  • In accordance with the idea that cancer-associated fibroblasts take up the bulk of glucose, PET glucose avidity is also now routinely used to measure the extent of fibrosis in a number of human diseases, including interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, postsurgical scars, keloids, arthritis and a variety of collagen-vascular diseases.
  • PET glucose avidity and elevated serum inflammatory markers both correlate with poor prognosis in breast cancers.
  • PET signal over-estimates the actual anatomical size of the tumor, consistent with the idea that PET glucose avidity is really measuring fibrosis and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.
  • human breast and lung cancer patients can be positively identified by examining their exhaled breath for the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
  • tumor cell production of hydrogen peroxide drives NFκB-activation in adjacent normal cells in culture6 and during metastasis,103 directly implicating the use of antioxidants, NFκB-inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents, in the treatment of aggressive human cancers.
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    Good description of the communication between cancer cells and fibroblasts.  This theory is termed the "reverse Warburg effect".
Nathan Goodyear

High Progesterone Receptor Expression in Prostate Cancer Is Associated with Clinical Fa... - 0 views

  • Currently, there is a general agreement of PGR presence in the stromal cells of PCa
  • expressed in both stromal and tumor cells of the PCa tissue
  • In univariate analysis, a high density level of PGR in both TE and TS was associated with CF
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • High density level of PGR in the TE was an independent prognostic factor for CF.
  • Our large-sized study demonstrates a wide distribution of PGR in stromal and epithelial cells of both benign and malignant prostate tissue
  • there seems to be a general agreement of PGR presence in the stromal cells of PCa
  • In line with our findings, several have also reported a high PGR expression in TE of PCa [9,10,23,25]. In contrast, others have demonstrated a total lack of PGR expression in TE
  • the actions of progesterone are tissue specific
  • In our work univariate analysis demonstrated a high PGR expression in TS to be associated with clinical failure in PCa patients. So far we have not yet demonstrated the mechanism underlying this association
  • Several non-genomic proliferative actions of progesterone have been proposed in tumor cells of other organs, including breast [35–37], astrocytoma [38] and osteosarcoma [39] cell lines. However, such results are contradicted by suggestions of anti-proliferative actions of progesterone in endometrial cancer
  • Yu et al. found PGR to be negatively regulating stromal cell proliferation in vitro
  • high PGR density level in TE was associated with CF in patients with Gleason score ≥ 7
  • Bonkhoff et al. have suggested progressive emergence of PGR during PCa progression and metastasis
  • Latil and co-workers found a decreased PGR expression in clinically localized tumors and increased PGR expression in hormone-refractory tumors, when compared with normal prostate tissue
  • Our findings provide further support to these findings, indicating that PGR plays a role in the pathogenesis of PCa
  • Ki67 and PGR in TE were correlated with CF (S3 Text), indicating an association between PGR and proliferative activity
  • The mechanism behind the PGR up-regulation in PCa has not yet been elucidated
  • The PGR is, like the glucocorticoid receptor, similar to androgen receptor with 88% sequence homology in the ligand-binding domain
  • progesterone induced expression of androgen receptor-regulated genes could be a potential mechanism contributing to the development of castrate resistant PCa
  • A possibility of different roles by the two PGR isoforms in normal prostate tissue and PCa, as is suggested for the estrogen receptors [13], must also be taken into account
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    STudy finds that increased Progesterone receptor expression on epithelial and stromal cells is associated with increased clinical failure of therapy.  Several proposed mechanisms: 88% homologous with androgen receptor suggesting cross-stimulation and via progesterone induced increased androgen receptor gene stimulation i.e. epigenetics.
Nathan Goodyear

Interleukin‐2 enhances the natural killer cell response to Herceptin‐coated H... - 1 views

  • administration of low‐dose IL‐2 results in expansion of a CD3– / CD56+ NK cell population in patients with advanced cancer
  • approximately 20 % will overexpress theHer2 / neu proto‐oncogene
  • In breast cancer, Her2 / neu overexpression is associated with a worse histologicalgrade, decreased relapse‐free and overall survival periods, and altered sensitivity to chemotherapeutic regimens
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • NK cells are large granular lymphocytes that comprise approximately 10 % of circulating lymphocytes
  • all human NK cells express the CD56 antigen
  • treatment with various concentrations of IL‐2 in vivo may induce distinct functions within the NK cell compartment and, therefore, may have profound effects on NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity
  • CD56bright
  • CD56dim
  • We show here that ADCC conducted by NK cells in vitro is enhanced by IL‐2 activation and is critically dependent on interactions between FcγRIII on NK cells and Herceptin‐coated tumor targets
  • administration of low‐dose IL‐2 to patients results in the marked expansion of a CD56+ population of immune effectors with the ability to lyse antibody‐coated cancer targets
  • NK cells represented only 7 % of lymphocytes prior to therapy but comprised over 50 % of the population after 10 weeks of low‐dose IL‐2
  • These data suggest that the enhanced ADCC seen following the expansion of NK cells with low‐dose IL‐2 is likely due to an increase in the overall number of NK cells
  • co‐administration of IL‐2 with rhu4D5 mAb will enhance activation of NK cell effector functions
  • Stimulation of NK cells with IL‐2 resulted in a significant increase in the lysis of rhu4D5‐coated targets
  • We have shown that costimulation with IL‐2 plus rhu4D5 results in significant production of IFN‐γ by NK cells with concomitant up‐regulation of cell‐surface activation and adhesion molecules
  • It has been previously demonstrated that continuous low‐dose IL‐2 can expand a CD56+ lymphocyte population, and we have now shown that this cell population is a potent mediator of ADCC against rhu4D5 mAb‐coated Her2 / neu+ targets
  • These results suggest that administration of low‐dose IL‐2 can be used to expand NK cell numbers, while higher doses may be used to enhance their cytolytic capacity in the setting of mAb therapy
  • we have demonstrated that NK cell lysis of Her2 / neu+ breast cancer cell lines in the presence of rhu4D5 mAb is markedly enhanced following stimulation with IL‐2
  • we have presented evidence that administration of low‐dose IL‐2 in vivo results in the expansion of a potent NK cell effector population
  • Our experiments suggest that NK cells costimulated with IL‐2 and immobilized IgG can secrete potent immunomodulatory cytokines which may serve to potentiate the anti‐tumor immune response.
  •  
    low dose IL-2 found to expand NK levels in conjuction in with herceptin in HER-2 positive breast cancer cell lines.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone deficiency is associated with increased risk of mortality and testosterone... - 0 views

  •  
    Men with type II diabetes have lower Testosterone levels when compared to none diabetics.  This study found an increased mortality with low T in those with type II Diabetes.  The main association was found with bioavailable Testosterone.  Total Testosterone is proving useless as a functional tool.  Additionally, Testosterone therapy reduced mortality in those with Diabetes.
wheelchairindia9

Karma KP-80 - 0 views

  •  
    Powerchair, is more compact and has a better turning radius, making it is easier to navigate narrow doorways and tight turns. Another advantage of the powerchair wheelchair is that its armchair joystick does not require an upright posture like an electric scooter's handlebars. Most powerchair wheelchairs can also be taken apart and stowed, while scooters usually can't. Powerchair wheelchairs are also usually less. Power Wheelchairs/Electric Wheelchairs is specially designed for Disabled and Handicapped People. They are recognized as the prominent manufacturer and supplier of a wide array of Power Wheelchairs. Variety of Power Wheelchairs for handicapped and disability product like: Variety of Power Wheelchairs: Karma KP 10-2 Power Wheelchair Karma KP 10-3 Power Wheelchair Karma KP 80 Power Wheelchair GM Lite Power Wheelchair Bronco Wheelchair Angel Wheelchair Bronco Wheelchair: Bronco Reclining Power Wheelchair Description: Comfort mobility is a professional Bronco Wheelchair and power scooter manufacturer established in 1978 in Taiwan. It operates with the policy of combining high quality with innovation. With dedication to research and development, Bronco wheelchair are exported around the world and earned solid reputation for its superior quality, comfort and convenience. Bronco wheelchair - comfortable, durable, designed for easy and healthy movement with full precautions. Bronco Reclining Power Wheelchair Specifications: Anchorage points Adjustable footplates LED front lights Detachable backrest Flip-back armrests Adjustable headrest Mechanic repairs Optional handbrake Power Wheelchair Features: Battery Power Wheelchair. Seat, base & battery quickly detach for easy storage and transportation Come with captain seat. With seat platform, the captain seat can be moved forward or backward using tools which is included. Adjustable armrest width and height. Footrests can be moved forward or backward for optimum placeme
wheelchairindia9

A Friendly Tricycle For Disabled People - 0 views

  •  
    A tricycle for special needs is made so can go along for the ride in wheelchair or sitting in a special seat, both of which are attached right in front of another adult's trike. Tricycles to accommodate a vast array of special needs. Hand-pedaled recumbent tricycles are available for those without the use of their legs. Children, teens and adults with cerebral palsy and similar disorders can select tricycles specially designed to increase strength and coordination. Caregivers to autistic children can ride with their child on tandem special needs tricycles built to accommodate one adult and one child rider. Accessories are also available to convert standard trikes to suit specific needs. The objective of tricycle design is to produce wheelchairs that perform well and can provide appropriate seating and postural support without compromising strength, durability and safety. A Hand Driven Tricycle, abbreviated to trike is a three-wheeled passenger vehicle, usually carrying a single rider. The tricycle consists of a motorbike and an attached passenger sidecar and should not be confused with the tricycle. The trike is a motorized three-wheeled pedicab. Human-powered trikes are powered by pedals or hand cranks. Motorized trikes use motorcycle or scooter,or electric motors. Tricycles tend to be used for commercial purposes: such as "pedicabs" for transport passengers, and freight trikes for making deliveries. In the adult-sized tricycles are used primarily for recreation, shopping, and exercise. Tricycles are favoured by children and senior adults alike for their apparent stability versus a bicycle; but a conventional trike has poor dynamic lateral stability, and the rider must take care when cornering to avoid tipping the trike over. Standard Single Hand Driven Tricycle: Frame : Made by E.R.W. Tubes 22.22 mm- 18 G. Seat & Back : MS, CRC Sheet Seat Size 18"x 16" Wheel Size : Wheel Diameter 28"x 1 1/2" Tyre and Tube Standard Company. Parts : Standard Quality
wheelchairindia9

Choosing Correct Power wheel chair - 0 views

  •  
    Power wheel chair is one type of wheel chairs which is also referred and known as Electric Power Wheel Chair or (EPW). An Power wheel chair is used to move such wheel chairs instead of pushing by some attendant or by hand rims. It also has navigational controls so that it can be moved to any desired direction. Power wheel chairs are suitable for those, who are weaker to move the manual wheel chair using the hand rims and also provides its users a level of comfort. The user can control its speed and direction by a joystick sort of control while sitting on the chair. There are many different types of Power wheel chair and finding the appropriate one will depend on each individual's medical condition. Wheelchairs can be manual or electrically powered. Manual wheelchairs can come in either a folding or rigid design. Rigid type wheelchairs tend to be lighter and more easily maneuvered and should be used by more active wheelchair users. Folding wheelchairs would be an excellent choice for individuals needing to use the wheelchair for travel on a frequent basis. Many people have disabilities that make it difficult to propel themselves in a manual wheelchair and in this situation an electrically powered wheelchair may prove more useful. Power chairs are little bit more complex and the user can control it with minimum effort. This kind of chair will give extraordinary maneuverability, stability and power and it is perfect for people who want more from their wheelchairs. Better Life Mobility Center offers various models, so sure that won't have problem to choose one that will suit completely. All the power chairs that offer are the result of the extensive research and designed with the user's needs in mind. Karma latest power standing wheelchair is now available in India. Power Wheelchairs For Sale - Increase freedom Stand up again improve independence and be find of body. Karma KP 10.2 Power Wheelchair: Features: Seat, base & battery quickly detach f
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