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Nathan Goodyear

Hypoxia Regulates Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 Expression to Promote Breast Carcinoma C... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...8894

HIF-1alpha insulin receptor substrate 2 IRS-2 Akt hypoxia breast cancer cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jan 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Jan 21
     
    IRS-2 expression, but not IRS-1 expression, is increased by hypoxia (HIF-1alpha), which selects for tumor cells with increased metastatic potential. IRS-2 is active to mediate insulin-like growth factor I-dependent signals in hypoxia, and enhanced activation of Akt in hypoxia is dependent on IRS-2 expression. It is Akt that increases insulin receptor expression. This ties hypoxia to increase in insulin signaling and insulin receptor expression. Boom!
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor beta as a novel target of androgen receptor action in breast cancer c... - 0 views

breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/...bcr3619

breast cancer androgens estrogen receptors ER estrogen receptor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 21
     
    Androgens antagonize ER-alpha receptors in breast cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs): toll-like receptors | British Society for Immunology - 0 views

www.immunology.org/...ern-recognition-receptors-prrs

immune system pattern recognition receptors TLR PPR toll-like receptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 20 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 20
     
    Not an article, but a good review of TLRs and their immunologic role
Nathan Goodyear

Toll-like receptor signaling links dietary fatty acids to the metabolic syndrome - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3099529

TLR toll-like receptors toll-like receptors fatty acids fat metabolic syndrome obesity overweight inflammation dietary

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Activation of the innate immune system controls macronutrient metabolism
  • the innate immune response is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, wherein highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by cognate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs
  • many studies have supported the idea that cytokine signaling directly promotes insulin resistance
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • innate immune system may be causally linked to obesity
  • adipose tissue contains a substantial population of macrophages, and macrophage-driven adipose inflammation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of obesity
  • Collectively, activation of the innate immune system is strongly associated with ASCVD, insulin resistance, and obesity, and recent evidence suggests that much of this association can be traced to a unique family of PRRs known as TLRs
  • TLRs are a family of type I transmembrane receptors, currently thought to comprise at least 13 members in mammals, that specifically recognize a variety of microbial PAMPs and trigger host cellular responses
  • Free SFAs have indeed been demonstrated to elicit TLR4-dependent and TLR2-dependent responses in several cell types.
  • Endogenous SFAs released from adipocytes activate cocultured macrophages via TLR4 [18], indicating the potential for cellular crosstalk in adipose tissue. Collectively, there is a growing body of evidence that SFAs promote, whereas long chain PUFA antagonize, TLR4-dependent and TLR2-dependent signaling in multiple cell models
  • In an elegant study, Shi et al. [16] demonstrated that SFAs activate TLR4-dependent signaling in both macrophages and adipocytes, and mice lacking TLR4 are protected against insulin resistance driven by intravenous lipid infusion
  • In addition to effects in macrophages and adipocytes, SFAs can activate TLR4 in the hypothalamus, which triggers a central inflammatory response that results in resistance to anorexigenic signals
  • endogenous SFAs can indeed promote innate immunity and inflammatory disease
  • This finding strongly supports the work of Hwang and coworkers [19–22] demonstrating that ω-3 PUFAs can effectively counteract SFA-induced TLR4 activation in cultured macrophages and dendritic cells.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 12
     
    high dietary fatty acids linked to metabolic syndrome through TLR.
Nathan Goodyear

Mechanisms of Progesterone Receptor Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses in Cellular Mo... - 0 views

mend.endojournals.org/...2292.long

progesterone receptor receptors cancer PR inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12
     
    This article describes the underlying transcription responses to the anti-inflammatory effects provided through progesterone receptors (PR) in breast cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Progesterone Receptor Inhibits Aromatase and Inflammatory Response Pathways in Breast C... - 0 views

mend.endojournals.org/...1812.long

progesterone receptor receptors PR breast cancer anti-inflammatory

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12
     
    Progesterone receptor (PR) shown to provide an important anti-inflammatory role in breast cancer in this study.  PR shown to increase NF-kappaB inhibitor IkBalpha, shown to inhibit aromatase activity, shown to inhibit COX-2 expression and shown to inhibit HER-2/neu expression.
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect.com - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology - Progesterone receptors: Form and ... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0091302208000058

progesterone receptors receptor PR brain CNS inflammation anti-inflammatory

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Nov 12
     
    progesterone through progesterone receptors, shown to have protective, anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS.
Nathan Goodyear

Breast Cancer Research | Full text | The growth response to androgen receptor signaling... - 0 views

breast-cancer-research.com/...R27

androgen receptors receptor AR breast cancer women

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Nov 12
     
    Androgen Receptors (AR) may play a role in some breast cancer growth and could be a target for future therapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Mapping and Characterization of the Functional Domains Responsible for the Differential... - 0 views

www.jbc.org/...32889.long

progesterone receptor progesterone receptors PR-A PR-B progesterone receptor receptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Nov 12
     
    different functions of PR-A and PR-B.
Nathan Goodyear

A role for estrogen receptor β in the regulation of growth of the ventral pro... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC33468

estrogen receptor estrogen receptor ER-beta beta prostate cancer BPH

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Nov 12
     
    Estrogen receptor beta shown to be a potential site of application of therapy to treat BPH and prostate cancer.  
Nathan Goodyear

Melatonin inhibits both ER alpha activation and... [J Pineal Res. 2006] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...16635015

Cadmium CD estrogen receptor alpha estrogen receptor estrogen receptor melatonin hormones ER alpha

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 13
     
    Several interesting points about this article.  Cadmium is a non-carcinogen.  Cadmium acts through estrogen receptors.  Cd acts as an estrogen.  Second, melatonin inhibits ER alpha, which promotes inflammation and growth signaling.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen Receptors: How Do They Signal and What Are Their Targets - 0 views

physrev.physiology.org/...905.full

estrogen receptors estrogen receptors hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Apr 13
     
    Estrogen receptors
Nathan Goodyear

Mechanism of Action of Bisphenol A and other Biochemical/Molecular interactions - 0 views

www.who.int/...ological_activities_of_bpa.pdf

Bisphenol-A xenoestrogen xenoestrogens hormone hormones estrogen receptor estrogen receptor receptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Jan 13
     
    Thorough discussion of the scientific knowledge on bisphenol A and its hormonal and receptor effects.
Nathan Goodyear

Diagnostic Pathology | Full text | Estrogen receptor beta expression in prostate adenoc... - 0 views

www.diagnosticpathology.org/...61

prostate cancer estrogen receptor estrogen receptor beta ER-beta hormone hormones receptor receptors estrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 13
     
    ER beta and prostate cancer.  More aggressive prostate cancer is found to be associated with lower ER beta expression in the prostate.  this makes sense, as other studies have shown that ER beta in the prostate can induce apoptosis (cell death), which is a powerful mechanism to regulate uncontrolled growth as found in cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor-alpha mediates the detrimental ... [Toxicology. 2004] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15458790

DES ER alpha ER estrogen receptor estrogen receptor hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Apr 13
     
    DES exposure feminizes male mice through ER alpha receptor.
Nathan Goodyear

Antiandrogenic effects of bisphenol A and nonylp... [Toxicol Sci. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12805653

Bisphenol-A androgen receptor antagonist androgen receptor androgen receptor hormone hormones xenoestrogens xenoestrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 May 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 May 13
     
    Bisphenol A acts as androgen receptor antagonist.
Nathan Goodyear

Beyond the male sex hormone: deciphering the metabolic and vascular actions of testoste... - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...C1.full

AR androgen receptors androgen receptor testosterone androgen receptors Diabetes metabolic syndrome MetS CVD cardiovascular disease men hormone hormones male

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13 - No Cached
  • androgen deprivation therapy results in unfavorable changes in body composition, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia and predisposes men to develop atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality
  • The hypogonadal–obesity cycle hypothesis was originally proposed by Cohen in 1999 to explain the relationship between low testosterone levels and metabolic disease. It was based on the finding that obesity impairs testosterone levels by increasing the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol, while low testosterone levels promote increased fat deposition
  • adipocytokines contribute to low testosterone levels as well as to the processes underlying metabolic syndromes and type 2 diabetes
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • hypogonadal–obesity–adipocytokine hypothesis
  • The presence of estradiol and the adipocytokines TNF-α, IL6, and leptin (as a result of leptin resistance in obesity) inhibits the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis response to decreasing androgen levels
  • An increasing number of studies have illustrated the potential for applying metabolomics to the field of androgen research
  • As early as the 1940s, the therapeutic use of testosterone was reported to improve angina pectoris in men with coronary artery disease
  • most of the epidemiological studies reported increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in men with low testosterone levels
  • long-term testosterone replacement appears to be a safe and effective means of treating hypogonadal elderly men
  • a recent interventional trial showed that testosterone treatment was associated with decreased mortality when compared with no testosterone treatment in an observational cohort of men with low testosterone levels
  • a number of short-term studies conducted support the notion that testosterone therapy reduces the cardiovascular risk
  • The majority of animal studies support the hypothesis that the actions of testosterone on vascular relaxation are both endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatory effects
  • Endothelial-dependent actions of testosterone increase the expression or activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and enhance nitric oxide production, which in turn activates cyclic guanosine monophosphate to induce vasorelaxation in smooth muscle cells
  • Endothelial-independent mechanisms of testosterone are believed to occur primarily via inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and/or activation of K+ channels in smooth muscle cells
  • Testosterone may also inhibit intracellular Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ channels by blocking the response to prostaglandin F2α
  • testosterone has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects to protect against atherogenesis in animal studies
  • both genomic AR activation to modulate gene transcription and non-genomic activation to modulate the rapid intracellular signaling pathways of ion channels may mediate testosterone effects on vascular function and inflammation.
  • Butenandt & Ruzicka first showed how testosterone is synthesized and responsible for masculine characteristics in the early 1930s
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 May 13
     
    Awesome review on the current understanding of Testosterone and Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and CVD.  This article even goes into the literature on androgen receptors.
Nathan Goodyear

Is There an Association Between Meningioma and Hormone Replacement Therapy? - 0 views

jco.ascopubs.org/...279.full

meningioma hormones estrogen receptors estrogen receptor brain tumors progesterone receptors progesterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13
     
    Hormones linked to increase meningioma in women.   Clearly, the evidence shows that hormone receptors play a significant role in the growth and the potential management of these tumors.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor-alpha expression in human meningiomas - 0 views

igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/...c8.pdf

meningioma hormone receptors hormone receptor hormones estrogen receptor ER alpha PR progesterone receptor

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Feb 13
     
    This is a dissertation, but they found ER alpha expression in all meningioma samplings. This is in contrast to previous studies. As further research has come with meningiomas, more ER presence is found, likely due to improved testing techniques. What is interesting here is that Low/no PR status was associated with Increased ER alpha status. This has been shown to be a more pro-inflammatory/pro-growth picture in disease states, such as breast and prostate CA.
Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor ligands in the co... [Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2006] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17117588

estrogen receptor receptors ER-beta inflammation anti-inflammatory hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Oct 12
     
    estrogen receptor beta shown to have anti-inflammatory activity.  How the message is interpreted is just as important as the message itself.
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