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Review of the physiology of muscle building.  The authors review the evidence behind the types of muscle building exercises and the physiology responsible for muscle hypertrophy.  The authors point to Schoenfeld's description of mechanical tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress to build muscle.

Tynor Weight Cuff Tynor Weight cuffs are used to exercise ailing joints to build strength and aid recovery. Tynor Weight Cuff is flexible and cushion, so it does not injure. Recommended for use to improve muscle tone, muscle mass, strength and stamina. Tynor Weight Cuff Features Offers 1 kg resistance when wrapped around Weight is wrapped in comfortable and soft fabric Used to build muscles, flexibility or to lose weight Can be secured easily around to prevent injuries or accidents Cuff is safe to be used during everyday activities as well Tynor Weight Cuff Measurements Sizes Available: 1/2 Kg / 1Kg / 2 Kg

Tynor Chest Binder Chest Binder is applied to the thoracic region to compress and bind the rib cage and provide splinting to the sternum while allowing sufficient flexibility for comfortable breathing. Anatomic chest pad. Controlled compression. Optimum chest splinting. Soft feel. Tynor Chest Binder Features 50 mm thick PUF pad hold and binds the fractured sternum without compromising on patient comfort. Strong elastic band gives good grip and helps in equidistribution of pressure. Reduces post operative pain and discomfiture. Facilitates phlegm expulsion after cardio thoracic surgery. Tynor Chest Binder Measurements Measure circumference around the chest.

Complete amino acid supplementation exceeds muscle building capacity (myofibrillar-MPS) over BCAA alone.

L-Arginine shifts from fat building to muscle building

muscle loss, sarcopenia is a significant marker of poor health in men.  This study of 845 men age 45-85 finds that low Testosterone, low vitamin D, low physical activity, smoking, and thin body build are associated with sarcopenia in men.

mTOR signaling pathway involved with building muscle (hypertrophy)

The early post menopause phase is critical for women. This is the phase that requires intensify strategy for exercise. The ER alpha signaling is actually increased and the ability to build muscle is intensified if exercise, particularly resistance training, is employed.

whey protein (20 gm) shown to promote superior muscle growth in older men versus casein and casein hydrolysate.  Whey protein, in this study, was provided at meals, not as a post exercise support.

genetic variations effect the bodies ability to build muscle through protein metabolism. 

testosterone secretion is blunted for about 12-24 hours after exercise.  The quicker the testosterone rebounds, the faster the muscles rebound and build.

very nice review of the mechanism of muscle building per the current understanding found in science.

The tricycles are individually designed to meet the needs of each disabled child and help provide physiotherapy, build muscle tone and promote play. Italso help benefit growth and development in children with disabilities, enabling them to keep active and retain their independence. Disabled children get huge physical and emotional benefits from having the specially tricycles, which are each custom made to suit the individual child's needs. Riding a tricycle provides both fun and fitness, and is a therapeutic activity that allows children to exercise their lower extremities. As the muscles move through cycling motions, they are flexed, extended and stretched. This range of motion is crucial for children with disabilities, because muscles are incapable of keeping up with bone growth unless fully extended. Tricycles are provided to severely disabled children and adults and come in two sizes, 20 inch and 24 inch models. These trikes are grant funded and to qualify for one of these, an individual must suffer from a condition such as, but not limited to, Cerebral Palsy, Down Syndrome, Traumatic Brain Injury or Autism. Trunk support system is ideal for riders who have trouble remaining upright while seated. An optional headrest is available. A headrest can be purchased with either a flat or contoured headpiece, and adjusts both horizontally and vertically for optimum positioning. The Front Pulley System maintains a level pedal position for children whose extreme tone forces the front of the pedal downward. Turn the oval knob to raise and lower the handlebar. A handbrake for the conventional handlebar will arrive installed on Large tricycle. Open access combined with a low transfer step makes it easy to get on and off trikes. Tricycle Deluxe Double Hand Drive: Frame : Made by E.R.W. Tubes 38.0 mm-16 G. 25.4 mm & 22.22 mm- 18 G. Seat & Back : M S, C.R.C. Sheet. Seat Size 18"x 16" Wheel Size : Wheel Diameter 24"x 1 1/2" Tyre and Tube Standard Company. Pa

Testosterone therapy aids weight loss in study of obese men.  The presentation of the potentially biased study (study was funded by the makers of the Testosterone used in the study) proposes Testosterone as a pharmacologic bariatric treatment.  That conclusion is ludicrous!  Testosterone therapy has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, improve glucose uptake, reduces inflammation, improve muscle building, and reduce the parameters of metabolic syndrome--all of which underlies the obesity.  Thus, men with low T and obesity, Testosterone therapy is playing a causal role in the obesity and thus Testosterone therapy is treating the cause.  But to describe it as pharmacologic bariatric therapy is false and misleading. http://ow.ly/CKrje 

The ignorance of this authors statements is unmeasurable.  Numerous other studies have shown weight loss in men with obesity is associated with increased Testosterone production.  My book highlights the mechanism by which adipose tissue decreased Testosterone production.  The author was quoted as pointed to no Testosterone replacement (even if levels are low????) despite the evidence that Testosterone will improve glucose metabolism, build muscle (reverse sarcopenia obesity), improve cholesterol metabolism,  and significantly aid Diabetes control just to name a few; yet the author says, give surgery instead.  I am sure the author is a surgeon and thus bias might, just might, be present.

Study finds variability of methylation and some genetic expression alteration with high fat diet.  Restated, what you eat interacts with your DNA to alter genetic expression.  This has implications on initiation of therapy as well as response to therapy.