Testosterone and metabolic syndrome Cunningham GR - Asian J Androl - 0 views
www.ajandrology.com/article.asp
Testosterone metabolic syndrome MetS TT total Testosterone SHBG men male hormone hormones Estradiol insulin resistance
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Mar 15
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The relationship of low testosterone to MetS often is considered to be bidirectional; however, the relationships probably are not direct
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Many of the components of the MetS are recognized risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
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Multiple cross-sectional studies have found low TT and low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels in Caucasian and African-American men with the MetS, irrespective of age
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Estradiol levels are increased in men with the MetS, and they are positively correlated with the number of abnormal components of the MetS.
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Although it is known that estrogen will increase SHBG levels, apparently the hyperinsulinism associated with obesity has a greater effect on SHBG levels
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Inflammatory cytokines are thought to have a direct effect on the pituitary to reduce LH secretion [15] and also a direct effect on Leydig cell secretion of testosterone
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Men in the lowest quartiles of serum TT, calculated free testosterone (cFT) and SHBG at baseline had the highest odds ratios for developing the MetS or DM during the 11 years follow-up
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More recently, investigators conducting population-based studies have reported that only SHBG is associated with future development of the MetS
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Additional evidence that low TT increases the risk of MetS comes from androgen deprivation treatment of prostate cancer
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Low TT and low bioavailable testosterone (bT) were each significantly associated with elevated 20 years risk of CVD mortality in an older population in which cause-specific mortality was age, adiposity, and lifestyle-adjusted.
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combination of low bT and ATP III-defined MetS is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in men aged 40 years and above
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in elderly men, testosterone may weakly protect against CVD. Alternatively, low TT may indicate poor general health
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Muraleedharan and Jones [27] concluded that there is convincing evidence that low T is a biomarker for disease severity and mortality.
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It is widely recognized that testosterone treatment can reduce fat mass and increase lean body mass; however, until recently most reports have not been associated with much weight loss
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Changes in body composition and weight loss are considered potential mechanisms by which testosterone treatment improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control in patients with diabetes. Effects on inflammatory cytokines [38] and changes in oxidative metabolism [39] also have been reported to improve glucose metabolism.
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Testosterone replacement therapy has been reported to improve some or all of the components of the MetS.