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Computer Science: Computer hardware - 0 views

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    Computer Science Tuesday, April 25, 2023 Computer hardware Computer hardware is the physical components that make up a computer system. It includes everything from the central processing unit (CPU) to the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Understanding the different types of hardware and how they work together is essential for anyone who works with computers. In this article, we will explore the various components of computer hardware, including internal and external components, and the peripherals that connect to them. We will also discuss the importance of hardware maintenance, the latest advancements in computer technology, and factors to consider when choosing the right hardware for your needs. Whether you are a computer technician, a gamer, or simply someone who uses a computer for everyday tasks, this article will help you better understand the world of computer hardware. Introduction to Computer Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. It includes everything from the processor and memory to input/output devices such as the keyboard and monitor. In this article, we will explore the different types of computer hardware and their functions. What is Computer Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system. It includes all the components that can be touched, seen, and used to interact with a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Hardware is different from computer software, which refers to the programs and applications that run on a computer system. History of Computer Hardware The history of computer hardware dates back to the 1820s when Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, and inventor, designed the first analytical engine, which was considered to be the first mechanical computer. With time, more complex electronic computers were developed, including the first Intel microprocessor in 1971. Since then, computer hardware has continued to evolve, becoming
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.spectracell.com/media/uploaded/2/0e2938319_1393442221_2132abstract2014nzmedj... - 0 views

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    IV vitamin C at 50 grams twice weekly shown to reduce side effects associated with chemotherapy.  Granted, this is a single case study without comparison, but this is supported by other studies.
Nathan Goodyear

Vaccines to prevent influenza in healthy adults | Cochrane - 0 views

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    New Cochrane update on the flu vaccine.  The results are no different than previous results that is why the authors said, "observational data...have not been updated due to their lack of influence on the review conclusions.  Restated: The flu vaccine again shown to fail 99% of the time to prevent the flu and 99% of the time to prevent hospitalization.  
Nathan Goodyear

An update on the role of testosterone replacement therapy in the management of hypogona... - 0 views

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    very nice updated review on the evidence of TRT.
Nathan Goodyear

Update on Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibition in the Treatment ... - 0 views

  • Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), the first immune checkpoint receptor to be clinically targeted, is exclusively expressed on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lymphatic tissue and is involved in T-cell regulation, proliferation, and tolerance
  • programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, which restores T-cell effector function and augments the host anti-tumor response by blocking the binding of either programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or PD-L2 to PD-1 receptors
  • lung cancer is the first and second cause of cancer mortality in men and women
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Eighty-five percent of lung cancers are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
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    To read update article on PD-1 and immunotherapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: ASCO Clinical... - 0 views

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    Updated recommendations
Windows Customer Support Number

window technical support services - 0 views

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    Windows technical support have a dedicated team based on providing excellent windows technical support services such as updating, upgrading or downgrading Microsoft windows!
vrocky

Apple iPhone 7, 7 Plus launch in India | Technology News in vie2day - 0 views

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    Apple iPhone 7, 7 Plus will launch in India on 7th October 2016 starting price is Rs 60000 with minimum 32 GB memory. latest Technology News updates
Windows Customer Support Number

Windows technical support number 1-800-261-4071 - 0 views

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    windows technical support services such as updating, upgrading or downgrading Microsoft windows! We provide a quick diagnosis as well as troubleshooting all windows errors. We have an easy access Windows Technical Support Number at 1-800-261-4071
Windows Customer Support Number

Windows support number 1-800-261-4071 - 0 views

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    We are offering the world class tech support services for all Windows software issues, if you facing any type of issues such as Windows update issues, windows repair, new windows installation, uninstallation and reinstallation etc, just dial our Windows support number 1-800-261-4071
Windows Customer Support Number

Windows technical support number 1-800-261-4071 - 0 views

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    We work for all types of windows computers and other devices facing technical problem or need assistance for update, reinstall or repair. We work for home users and office customers facing technical problems or showing other kind of errors at the time of operating. Call us any time on our Windows support number 1-800-261-4071,
Windows Customer Support Number

Windows customers support number 1-800-261-4071 - 0 views

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    If your Pc hassle from one of these problem just call us our Windows technical support toll free number 1-800-261-4071 we will help you. We are providing for windows like windows installation, windows update, windows upgrade, security setting, data recovery from the disk. Dial our Windows tech support number 1-800-261-4071 for an instant help, for more details you can also visit our websites as http://technicalsupportnumberforwindows.com
Windows Customer Support Number

Windows tech support number 1 800 261 4071 - 0 views

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    Are you facing a issues when you update your Windows software , and you are looking for the best tech support help? We have a team of best experts and technician who are always ready to assist our clients at any time, just pick up your phone and dial our Windows support number 1-800-261-4071
Windows Customer Support Number

Windows Tech Support Number 1 800 261 4071 - 0 views

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    Facing some troubles with updating your Windows software? Need to best online tech support services for Windows software from our best experts? Contact our Windows tech support number 1-800-261-4071
Nathan Goodyear

The dialectic role of progesterone. [Maturitas. 2009] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

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    knowledge of progesterone and its metabolites are important in the use of hormones.  As the authors concluded here: "natural steroids should not be disparaged...an update on endocrinological knowledge and experience is rather mandatory for gynecologists".  There in lies the problem.  The IOM has shown that the average physician practices at a level of 17 years behind the current scientific knowledge and the environment created by medical governing bodies discourages questions, so as to protect the system.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.update-software.com/BCP/WileyPDF/EN/CD007365.pdf - 0 views

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    meta-analysis found no high level of evidence to support Huperzine A in the treatment of vascular dementia.  The conclusion sounds scientifically sound, but when you look at the studies included: this is a meta-analysis of 1 of Huperzine A and vascular dementia.  This one study was of 14 participants only and they found improvement in daily functioning.   There are a lot of animal studies that point out benefits of huperzine A and even the mechanisms of action,  but human studies are lacking.  That is a better conclusion.  
Nathan Goodyear

Turmeric and Frankincense in Inflammation: An Update | Natural Medicine Journal - 0 views

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    2 natural therapies to reduce inflammation, including research to support.  This review by a ND highlights some research about the antiinflammatory effect of curcumin and Boswellia.
Nathan Goodyear

Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) - 0 views

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    A Brief Update on Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10)
Nathan Goodyear

The kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in human reproductive health and disease - 0 views

  • Kisspeptin stimulates LH secretion in healthy men (filled squares) and women
  • This raises the possibility that diminished kisspeptin secretion is a potential mechanism for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with obesity and diabetes
  • The likely pathways for down-regulation of kisspeptin signalling include negative feedback by estrogen, which is markedly elevated in obesity (Schneider et al., 1979), resistance to leptin, also seen in human obesity (Finn et al., 1998), insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia (Castellano et al., 2006, 2009), and inflammation, which is up-regulated in hypogonadal men with diabetes (Dandona et al., 2008) and is associated with decreased kisspeptin expression in rats
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    Very nice, updated review of kisspeptins, hormone production and the negative/positive effects of kisspeptins.
Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic endotoxemia: a molecular link between obesity and cardiovascular risk - 0 views

  • Weight gain has been associated with a higher gut permeability
  • a high-fat diet promotes LPS absorption
  • higher concentrations of fatty acids impair intestinal barrier integrity
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  • The starting point for innate immunity activation is the recognition of conserved structures of bacteria, viruses, and fungal components through pattern-recognition receptors
  • TLRs are PRRs that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns
  • TLRs are transmembrane proteins containing extracellular domains rich in leucine repeat sequences and a cytosolic domain homologous to the IL1 receptor intracellular domain
  • The major proinflammatory mediators produced by the TLR4 activation in response to endotoxin (LPS) are TNFα, IL1β and IL6, which are also elevated in obese and insulin-resistant patients
  • Obesity, high-fat diet, diabetes, and NAFLD are associated with higher gut permeability leading to metabolic endotoxemia.
  • Probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotic treatment can reduce LPS absorption
  • LPS promotes hepatic insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting the progression of fatty liver disease.
  • In the endothelium, LPS induces the expression of pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and adhesion molecules, which promotes atherosclerosis development and progression.
  • In the adipose tissue, LPS induces adipogenesis, insulin resistance, macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
  • the gut microbiota has been recently proposed to be an environmental factor involved in the control of body weight and energy homeostasis by modulating plasma LPS levels
  • dietary fats alone might not be sufficient to cause overweight and obesity, suggesting that a bacterially related factor might be responsible for high-fat diet-induced obesity.
  • This was accompanied in high-fat-fed mice by a change in gut microbiota composition, with reduction in Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium spp.
  • n humans, it was also shown that meals with high-fat and high-carbohydrate content (fast-food style western diet) were able to decrease bifidobacteria levels and increase intestinal permeability and LPS concentrations
  • it was demonstrated that, more than the fat amount, its composition was a critical modulator of ME (Laugerette et al. 2012). Very recently, Mani et al. (2013) demonstrated that LPS concentration was increased by a meal rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), while decreased after a meal rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA).
  • this effect seems to be due to the fact that some SFA (e.g., lauric and mystiric acids) are part of the lipid-A component of LPS and also to n-3 PUFA's role on reducing LPS potency when substituting SFA in lipid-A
  • these experimental results suggest a pivotal role of CD14-mediated TLR4 activation in the development of LPS-mediated nutritional changes.
  • This suggests a link between gut microbiota, western diet, and obesity and indicates that gut microbiota manipulation can beneficially affect the host's weight and adiposity.
  • endotoxemia was independently associated with energy intake but not fat intake in a multivariate analysis
  • in vitro that endotoxemia activates pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production via NFκB and MAPK signaling in preadipocytes and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity and insulin responsiveness in adipocytes.
  • T2DM patients have mean values of LPS that are 76% higher than healthy controls
  • LPS-induced release of glucagon, GH and cortisol, which inhibit glucose uptake, both peripheral and hepatic
  • LPSs also seem to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cells
  • Recent evidence has been linking ME with dyslipidemia, increased intrahepatic triglycerides, development, and progression of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • The hepatocytes, rather than hepatic macrophages, are the cells responsible for its clearance, being ultimately excreted in bile
  • All the subclasses of plasma lipoproteins can bind and neutralize the toxic effects of LPS, both in vitro (Eichbaum et al. 1991) and in vivo (Harris et al. 1990), and this phenomenon seems to be dependent on the number of phospholipids in the lipoprotein surface (Levels et al. 2001). LDL seems to be involved in LPS clearance, but this antiatherogenic effect is outweighed by its proatherogenic features
  • LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by several mechanisms, depending on LPS concentration. In animal models, low-dose LPS increases hepatic lipoprotein (such as VLDL) synthesis, whereas high-dose LPS decreases lipoprotein catabolism
  • When a dose of LPS similar to that observed in ME was infused in humans, a 2.5-fold increase in endothelial lipase was observed, with consequent reduction in total and HDL. This mechanism may explain low HDL levels in ‘ME’ and other inflammatory conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome
  • It is known that the high-fat diet and the ‘ME’ increase intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, thus synergistically contributing to the development and progression of alcoholic and NAFLD, from the initial stages characterized by intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation up to chronic inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), fibrosis, and cirrhosis
  • On the other hand, LPS activates Kupffer cells leading to an increased production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNFα
  • high-fat diet mice presented with ME, which positively and significantly correlated with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), IL1, TNFα, STAMP2, NADPHox, MCP-1, and F4/80 (a specific marker of mature macrophages) mRNAs
  • prebiotic administration reduces intestinal permeability to LPS in obese mice and is associated with decreased systemic inflammation when compared with controls
  • Cani et al. also found that high-fat diet mice presented with not only ME but also higher levels of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and macrophage infiltration markers
  • This suggests that important links between gut microbiota, ME, inflammation, and oxidative stress are implicated in a high-fat diet situation
  • high-fat feeding is associated with adipose tissue macrophage infiltration (F4/80-positive cells) and increased levels of chemokine MCP-1, suggesting a strong link between ME, proinflammatory status, oxidative stress, and, lately, increased CV risk
  • LPS has been shown to promote atherosclerosis
  • markers of systemic inflammation such as circulating bacterial endotoxin were elevated in patients with chronic infections and were strong predictors of increased atherosclerotic risk
  • As a TLR4 ligand, LPS has been suggested to induce atherosclerosis development and progression, via a TLR4-mediated inflammatory state.
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    Very nice updated review on Metabolic endotoxemia
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