This is the first paper to show that CRP values increase with progressive thyroid failure and may count as an additional risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease in hypothyroid patient
low sensitivity CRP associated with increased short-term and long-term mortality in hospitalized patients. Also associated with a 28 fold increase in cancer mortality.
The prevalence of hypogonadism (often defined as serum testosterone < 300 ng dl−1 ) ranges from 6% [10] to as high as 38%
The process of BPH, however, continues as men age and despite the fact their serum testosterone decreases
Liu et al. [12] demonstrated that in a group of older males (mean age 59.8 years) that there was not a significant correlation of serum testosterone levels (total, free or bioavailable) with either prostate volume or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
in eugonadal men, studies have demonstrated that the prostate can increase in volume by approximately 12%
There seems to be little doubt that the treatment with testosterone of a young hypogonadal male leads to significant growth of the prostate
Behre et al. [22] demonstrated increased prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in hypogonadal men
Most studies, however, have shown no effect of exogenous androgens on PSA or prostate volume for older hypogonadal males
They argue that the prostate is relatively insensitive to changes in androgen concentration at normal levels or in mild hypogonadism because the AR is saturated by androgens and therefore maximal androgen-AR binding is achieved. Conversely, the prostate is very sensitive to changes in androgen levels when testosterone is low
saturation model
visceral obesity (one of the most significant components of metabolic syndrome) is associated with prostate volume and influences prostate growth during TRT.
This hypothesis of inflammation induced LUTS is also argued to be a mechanism for improvement of LUTS with PDE5I
The concept, therefore, that treatment with TRT of hypogonadal males with metabolic syndrome might lead to improvement/stabilization of their LUTS, appears to be confirmed in recent work by Francomano et al.
There was also an improvement in components of the patient's metabolic syndrome (such as BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile) as well as inflammatory markers and C-reactive protein.
They concluded that TRT was safe in this group of men, and hypothesize that TRT mitigates the pro-inflammatory factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
Authors review the literature behind Testosterone and BPH. The authors highlight the 4 proposed theories behind BPH: Testosterone, Estrogen, inflammation, and metabolic.
The conclusion is mixed: pointing out that no high level of evidence exists on either side of the debate of Testosterone and BPH.
positive correlation between serum CRP and tumor stage is observed in prostate cancer patients and a correlation was also observed between the rise in CRP and faster progression of the tumor. This result proves that inflammation participates in tumor progression