The purpose of a solar engine is to act like a power
"savings account" -- a small trickle of incoming energy is
saved up until a useable amount is stored
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shared by Astro Biology on 04 Nov 14
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Know How Origin of Earth's survived when Oxygen has Abundant - 0 views
www.astrobio.net/...life-know-now-date
earth atmosphere oxygen for life planet solar system news from nasa
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We all are aware of the fact that billions of years ago, there was very little oxygen on Earth to breathe. Scientist of University of California at Riverside (UCR) have researched when in Earth's history oxygen may have abundant. Curious to know how origins of Earth survived?
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We all are aware of the fact that billions of years ago, there was very little oxygen on Earth to breathe. Scientist of University of California at Riverside (UCR) have researched when in Earth's history oxygen may have abundant. Curious to know how origins of Earth survived?
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BEAM Circuits -- Solar engines - 0 views
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At the heart of most solar-powered robots is a circuit called the solar engine (variously called Solar Engines, solarengines, SEs; a.k.a,relaxation oscillators). The purpose of a solar engine is to act like a power "savings account" -- a small trickle of incoming energy is saved up until a useable amount is stored. This stored energy is then released in a burst, in order to drive some useful (if only sporadic and incremental) work.
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shared by York Jong on 27 May 07
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Maxibug, Minibug, Microbug - 0 views
home.wanadoo.nl/...maxibug.htm
5star 74x14 beam circuit diy electronics maxibug photopopper phototrope photovore robot tutorial
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It is powered with two 3.3F Goldcaps. They can be charged in a few seconds. When they are charged, MAXIBUg gets "afraid" of light, and wanders of to go to play "in the dark". After a while, about 20 seconds (depending on the current used by the two motors ), the power has dropped, and it wants to "eat". It gets light attracted, and will turn and go to the light. When it gets there, it will recharge and still will be atrackted to the light until it reaches a trigger voltage , at which it gets "afraid"of the light again. This will go on all day until someone turns off the lightsource. While doing all this it also will backup when bumping into something.
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Because of the "on-off" output of the first schmitt trigger, the inputs for the LDRs will switch. That's why it gets light atracted -light afraid. This also means that you cannot use IR diodes (like SHF205). You have to use LDRs !
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The change in output is visualised with two red LEDs. When the LEDs are burning, the bot is "afraid" of light. They are mounted as eyes off the bot, that's why I used two off them. One LED will do also, but doesn't look nice !
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shared by York Jong on 27 May 07
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74*240-based photopopper circuits - 0 views
library.solarbotics.net/...bot_popper_240.html
5star 74x240 beam circuit electronics maxibug photopopper phototrope robot
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This adapted photodiode is not as sensitive as large area types so C2 may need to be reduced to 0.01uF while the value of R2 and R3 can be increased by a factor of 10.
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Two leaded phototransistors can also be used but may require extra shielding to reduce light current in the bridge to acceptable levels
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The monocore capacitor is for positive feedback for fast switching between the two motors and to slow down and avoid high frequency oscillations.
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R2 together with C2 limits the maximum frequency of the monocore and motor drivers when the light is bright and the sensors are equally lit
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R3 together with C2 sets the minimum frequency of the waggle even in the complete dark which is more interesting than twirling endlessly in a circle.
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Having said that, maxibug is not perfect: it churns its wheels while feeding and does not back out of the feeding station when full. CD MaxiBug v5 uses just a few more parts but has powerful and efficient motor drivers, its motors are off while feeding, and it backs up when full.
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Capacitors - BEAM Wiki - 0 views
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A device used to store charge in an electrical circuit. A capacitor functions much like a battery, but charges and discharges much more efficiently
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BEAM robots tend to use capacitors in two, very different roles -- small ones in Nv neurons and solar engines (filter capacitors), and bigger ones as energy storage devices (storage capacitors).
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SENSORS - SHARP IR RANGE FINDER - 0 views
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The Sharp IR Range Finder works by the process of triangulation. A pulse of light (wavelength range of 850nm +/-70nm) is emitted and then reflected back (or not reflected at all). When the light returns it comes back at an angle that is dependent on the distance of the reflecting object. Triangulation works by detecting this reflected beam angle - by knowing the angle, distance can then be determined.
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The IR range finder reciever has a special precision lens that transmits the reflected light onto an enclosed linear CCD array based on the triangulation angle.
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The Sharp IR has a non-linear output. This means that as the distance increases linearly (by set increments), the analog output increases/decreases non-linearly.
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To effectively use your Sharp IR Range Finder, you must have a voltage output versus distance chart to reference from.
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One major issue with the Sharp IR Range Finder and that is going below the minimum sensor range. This is when an object is so close the sensor cannot get an accurate reading, and it tells your robot that a really close object is really far.
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Another issue is the high narrowness of the IR beam. In reading sharp details and getting high accuracy, a thin beam is ideal. But the problem with a thin beam is that if it is not pointed exactly at the object, the object is therefore invisible.
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A more advanced use for the Sharp IR Range Finder is to do mapping. To do this, you need at least one Range Finder, and at least one non-modified servo.
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The sharp IR can be used as a quick and easy front non-contact robot bumper on your robot. Just place two IR devices in front of your robot and cross beams as shown. Ideally you would perfer to use rangers that have wider beams. Note: A single sonar can do this job just as well.
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For example, a box in front of your robot might appear like this: 0 0 0 0 0 106 120 124 121 109 0 0 0 0 0
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Inside The Ugobe Pleo - Organic Robot Life - 0 views
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CALEB CHUNG: Of course we could have used micro-servo motors to accomplish the motion of Pleo, but we aren’t able to use expensive motors. So we had to engineer it with a high-speed motor with high gearing and no backlash for control purposes and have it all fit within the muscle envelope of Pleo.
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So what we did was go after a lot of ethology research. How do animals really handle the complexity of their environment? We built a virtual brain—a whole system that decides how Pleo will react in various situations.
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CALEB CHUNG: Pleo will reset thresholds and adjust his idea of what he thinks is normal. Let’s say you get Pleo and you take him home to your shag carpet. When Pleo walks, the carpet will drag on his feet. So his force feedback sensors will realize that he is spending too much energy to walk around. Pleo will try different things to reduce the energy spent. Eventually, he will have the idea to step higher. Your Pleo compared to my Pleo will walk with a higher step.
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Eventually, we got to the point where we don’t know what Pleo will do next because he learns. If Caleb and I went to your house to see your Pleo, we couldn’t predict a lot of the things he would do, even though we know everything we put in him. Pleo has the ability to change and figure things out on his own.
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Consumers will be able to download and customize Pleo later this year or early next year. We want to give the user the ability to change Pleo’s personality, animations and tricks. We also want to allow developers and hobbyists to take the SDK and motion system and behavior system and choreograph advanced features and animations for new AI functionality.
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We didn’t include a camera (or voice recognition) in Pleo because of the price point for the product. Pleo is probably a good hack for a CMU camera, and we want people to develop these sorts of things.
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The only way you can create life is to give it choice. Life is very complex, and it has to evolve, otherwise it is a robot. The only way to get complex systems to work is to let them chose for themselves.
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BASIC Stamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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The BASIC Stamp is a microcontroller with a small, specialized BASIC interpreter (PBASIC) built into ROM.
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The third variant is the Javelin stamp. This stamp uses Sun Microsystem's Java programing language instead of Parallax's PBasic
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The Basic Stamp > interprets instructions in real-time, essentially running a virtual machine on the PIC. This means that it is much slower
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The Stamp implements a complete solution on a single PCB. In comparison, a bare PIC requires a separate power regulator and substantial decoupling on its output.
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http://www-robotics.usc.edu/~maja/robot-control.html - 0 views
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if a robot needs to plan ahead, it does so in a network of behaviors which talk to each other and send information around, rather than a single planner, as with hybrid systems.
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Deliberative Control: Think hard, then act. Reactive Control: Don't think, (re)act. Hybrid Control: Think and act independently, in parallel. Behavior-Based Control: Think the way you act.
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Recursive Bayesian estimation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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proportional
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predicted state
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measurement likelihood
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can usually be ignored in practice
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Monte Carlo localization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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environment is static and does not change with time
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ROBOT SENSOR INTERPRETATION - 0 views
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There are only 3 steps you need to follow: Gather Sensor Data (data logging) Graph Sensor Data Generate Line Equation
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The way to get rid of noise is get a bunch of readings, then only keep the average. Make sure you test for noise in the actual environment your robot will be in
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Most roboticists understand faily well how sensors work. They understand that most sensors give continuous readings over a particular range. Most usually understand the physics behind them as well, such as speed of sound for sonar or sun interference for IR. Yet most do not understand how to interpret sensor data into a mathematical form readable by computers.
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shared by York Jong on 27 May 07
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Reversing a motor without use of sensors - 0 views
www.solarbotics.net/...tutorials_nosensrevers.html
3star beam circuit electronics motor sensor theory
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The motor is driven in either the forward or reverse direction, but will swap polarity if the motor encounters too sudden or great of a load
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Robot: mere machine to transcendent mind - 0 views
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The book considers the history and future of intelligent machines. It argues that robots will match human intelligence in less than fifty years, and suggests arrangements for a comfortable human existence in a fully automated economy. Concluding chapters speculate on the distant future of evolving intelligence.
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Robot Room - Intermediate Robot Building Book - 0 views
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Includes all of the step-by-step instructions you need to create your own robot that can explore rooms, follow lines, or battle opponents in mini sumo. The circuits and parts in this book are presented as independent modules, so that you can build the complete robot as described or apply the modules to your own unique robot designs.
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Intermediate Robot Building - 0 views
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This book provides far more detail on the hardware aspects of robot building than any other I have seen to date and is worth picking up.
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"Intermediate Robot Building" offers the kind of real-world knowledge that only an experienced robot builder can offer--the kind of knowledge beginners usually have to learn through mistakes. In this book, you'll learn the value of a robot heartbeat and the purpose of the wavy lines in photocells.