Divergent evolution illuminated: Light shed on reasons behind genome differences betwee... - 0 views
www.sciencedaily.com/...120329124607.htm
trna dna evolution genome differences proteins biotechnology
shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 01 Apr 12
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divergent evolution of the genomes of different groups of species
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connection between the function of enzymes and the composition of the genomes shed light on the evolution and structure of genes
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structure of genomes was adapted to the activity of some enzymes, which differ for Bacteria and for Eukarya and are absent in Archaea
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activity of these enzymes modifies tRNAs, allowing them to recognize up to three distinct codons
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Prior to the study, it was understood that tRNA's have a specific anti-codon sequence which would recognize a single mRNA codon with the complementary sequence. Does this mean that the tRNA also attaches to different amino acids as well? How does the tRNA differentiate between the different amino acids it is at that moment carrying and the codon it matches with on the mRNA--does it change shape according to which amino acid is attached to it?
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activity of the bacterial and eukaryal enzymes is different, which explains why the genomes and the gene composition of bacteria, eukarya, and archaea have diverged
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greater the abundance of a protein in a cell the higher the number of triplets found in its gene sequence that can be read by modified tRNAs
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biotechnology as the discovery of the relevance of these modifications will allow an improvement in the industrial production of proteins
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human insulin is "manufactured" in bacteria and our discovery would allow this production to be increased if we take into account the activity of these enzymes
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relevant for the study of cancer: "it is possible that these modification enzymes are over-represented in some kinds of cancer. In fact, this would be logical because cancer cells are highly efficient in producing proteins."
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demonstrates how organisms have evolved in a different manner to achieve better adaptations and to have optimum protein translation efficiency
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don't exactly know why these enzymes appear or why they are different in bacteria and in eukaryotes but it's clear that they contribute to the separation of genomes of these two groups